中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問(wèn)題的決定（全文）
Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform
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| 六、健全城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化體制機(jī)制 | VI. Improving Mechanisms and Institutions for Integrated Development of Urban and Rural Areas |
| 城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)是制約城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化的主要障礙。必須健全體制機(jī)制，形成以工促農(nóng)、以城帶鄉(xiāng)、工農(nóng)互惠、城鄉(xiāng)一體的新型工農(nóng)城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系，讓廣大農(nóng)民平等參與現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程、共同分享現(xiàn)代化成果。 | The urban-rural dual structure is a main obstacle to the integrated development of urban and rural areas. We must improve the mechanisms and institutions to form new relations between industry and agriculture and between urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support rural development, agriculture and industry benefit each other, and urban and rural areas achieve integrated development, so that the overwhelming majority of farmers can participate in the modernization process on an equal basis and share the fruits of modernization. |
| （20）加快構(gòu)建新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)體系。堅(jiān)持家庭經(jīng)營(yíng)在農(nóng)業(yè)中的基礎(chǔ)性地位，推進(jìn)家庭經(jīng)營(yíng)、集體經(jīng)營(yíng)、合作經(jīng)營(yíng)、企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)等共同發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式創(chuàng)新。堅(jiān)持農(nóng)村土地集體所有權(quán)，依法維護(hù)農(nóng)民土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)，發(fā)展壯大集體經(jīng)濟(jì)。穩(wěn)定農(nóng)村土地承包關(guān)系并保持長(zhǎng)久不變，在堅(jiān)持和完善最嚴(yán)格的耕地保護(hù)制度前提下，賦予農(nóng)民對(duì)承包地占有、使用、收益、流轉(zhuǎn)及承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)抵押、擔(dān)保權(quán)能，允許農(nóng)民以承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)入股發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng)。鼓勵(lì)承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)在公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)上向?qū)I(yè)大戶、家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)、農(nóng)民合作社、農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)流轉(zhuǎn)，發(fā)展多種形式規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)。 | 20. Accelerating the building of a new type of agricultural operation system. We will maintain the fundamental status of family operation in agriculture, advancing the innovation of an agricultural operation model featuring the joint development of family operation, collective operation, cooperative operation and enterprise operation. We will maintain the collective ownership of rural land, protect farmers' contracted land-use rights by law, and boost the collective economy. We will stabilize rural land-contracting relationships which will remain unchanged for a long time to come. On the premise of upholding and improving the system for providing the strictest possible protection for farmland, we will endow farmers with the rights to land tenure, land use, land revenue, land transfer and mortgage and guarantee of contracted land use, and allow farmers to develop industrialized operation of agriculture by becoming shareholders using their contracted land-use right. We will encourage the transfer of contracted land-use right to big, specialized operators, family farms, farmers' cooperatives and agricultural enterprises, so as to develop large-scale agricultural operations in diverse forms. |
| 鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)村發(fā)展合作經(jīng)濟(jì)，扶持發(fā)展規(guī)?；?、專業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)營(yíng)，允許財(cái)政項(xiàng)目資金直接投向符合條件的合作社，允許財(cái)政補(bǔ)助形成的資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)交合作社持有和管護(hù)，允許合作社開(kāi)展信用合作。鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)工商資本到農(nóng)村發(fā)展適合企業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng)的現(xiàn)代種養(yǎng)業(yè)，向農(nóng)業(yè)輸入現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)要素和經(jīng)營(yíng)模式。 | We will encourage rural areas to develop the cooperative economy, support large-scale, specialized and modernized operations. We will allow qualified cooperatives to receive fiscal funds from the government, to hold and manage assets formed from fiscal subsidies, and to engage in credit cooperation. We will encourage and guide industrial and commercial capital to invest in rural areas to develop modern planting and breeding industries suited for commercialized management, and introduce modern factors of production and operation models into agriculture. |
| （21）賦予農(nóng)民更多財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利。保障農(nóng)民集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員權(quán)利，積極發(fā)展農(nóng)民股份合作，賦予農(nóng)民對(duì)集體資產(chǎn)股份占有、收益、有償退出及抵押、擔(dān)保、繼承權(quán)。保障農(nóng)戶宅基地用益物權(quán)，改革完善農(nóng)村宅基地制度，選擇若干試點(diǎn)，慎重穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)農(nóng)民住房財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)抵押、擔(dān)保、轉(zhuǎn)讓，探索農(nóng)民增加財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入渠道。建立農(nóng)村產(chǎn)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)交易市場(chǎng)，推動(dòng)農(nóng)村產(chǎn)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)交易公開(kāi)、公正、規(guī)范運(yùn)行。 | 21. Endowing farmers with more property rights. We will safeguard the rights and interests of farmers as members of collective economic organizations, vigorously promote farmers' joint-stock partnerships, grant farmers the rights to possess, profit from, pull out with compensation, mortgage, guarantee and inherit shares of collective assets. We will ensure rural households' usufruct of their homestead, and improve the rural homestead system through reform. We will select several pilot areas to steadily and prudently push forward the mortgage, guarantee and transfer of farmers' residential property rights, and expand the channels for farmers to increase their property income. We will set up a rural property rights transfer market, and promote the open, fair and procedure-based operation of rural property rights transfer. |
| （22）推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)要素平等交換和公共資源均衡配置。維護(hù)農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)要素權(quán)益，保障農(nóng)民工同工同酬，保障農(nóng)民公平分享土地增值收益，保障金融機(jī)構(gòu)農(nóng)村存款主要用于農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村。健全農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護(hù)體系，改革農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼制度，完善糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。完善農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度。鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)資本投向農(nóng)村建設(shè)，允許企業(yè)和社會(huì)組織在農(nóng)村興辦各類事業(yè)。統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和社區(qū)建設(shè)，推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化。 | 22. Promoting equal exchanges of factors of production and balanced allocation of public resources between urban and rural areas. We will protect farmers' rights and interests concerning the factors of production, ensure migrant workers receive equal pay for equal work, ensure farmers share equally the gains from added value of land, and ensure financial institutions' rural deposits are allocated mainly for agricultural and rural use. We will improve the system of supporting and protecting agriculture, reform the system of subsidizing agriculture, and improve the system of subsidizing major grain-producing areas. We will improve the agricultural insurance system. We will encourage investment in rural development, and permit enterprises and social organizations to start all kinds of undertakings in rural areas. We will make overall plans for developing urban and rural infrastructure and communities, and promote equitable access to basic public services in urban and rural areas. |
| （23）完善城鎮(zhèn)化健康發(fā)展體制機(jī)制。堅(jiān)持走中國(guó)特色新型城鎮(zhèn)化道路，推進(jìn)以人為核心的城鎮(zhèn)化，推動(dòng)大中小城市和小城鎮(zhèn)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、產(chǎn)業(yè)和城鎮(zhèn)融合發(fā)展，促進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)。優(yōu)化城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)和管理格局，增強(qiáng)城市綜合承載能力。 | 23. Improving the institutions and mechanisms for promoting the sound development of urbanization. We will stick to the path of a new-type urbanization with Chinese characteristics, push forward people-oriented urbanization, promote the coordinated development of megacities, mid-sized cities, small cities and small towns, promote the integrated development of industries and cities, and advance urbanization and the building of new rural areas in a coordinated manner. We will improve the urban spatial structure and management pattern, and enhance the urban comprehensive carrying capacity. |
| 推進(jìn)城市建設(shè)管理創(chuàng)新。建立透明規(guī)范的城市建設(shè)投融資機(jī)制，允許地方政府通過(guò)發(fā)債等多種方式拓寬城市建設(shè)融資渠道，允許社會(huì)資本通過(guò)特許經(jīng)營(yíng)等方式參與城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資和運(yùn)營(yíng)，研究建立城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、住宅政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)。完善設(shè)市標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，嚴(yán)格審批程序，對(duì)具備行政區(qū)劃調(diào)整條件的縣可有序改市。對(duì)吸納人口多、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力強(qiáng)的鎮(zhèn)，可賦予同人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模相適應(yīng)的管理權(quán)。建立和完善跨區(qū)域城市發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。 | We will promote innovation in urban construction management. We will establish a transparent and procedure-based investment and financing mechanism for urban development, allow local governments to expand the channels of financing for urban development by issuing bonds and other means, allow private capital to participate in urban infrastructure investment and operation by franchise and other means, and study the possibility of setting up policy financial institutions for developing urban infrastructure and housing. We will improve the standards for the establishment of cities, strictly follow the examination and approval procedures, and upgrade counties qualified for administrative division adjustment into cities in an orderly manner. We will grant towns with large immigrant populations and great economic strength the right of jurisdiction in line with their population and economic size. We will establish and improve a trans-regional urban development coordination mechanism. |
| 推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化，逐步把符合條件的農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口轉(zhuǎn)為城鎮(zhèn)居民。創(chuàng)新人口管理，加快戶籍制度改革，全面放開(kāi)建制鎮(zhèn)和小城市落戶限制，有序放開(kāi)中等城市落戶限制，合理確定大城市落戶條件，嚴(yán)格控制特大城市人口規(guī)模。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務(wù)常住人口全覆蓋，把進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民完全納入城鎮(zhèn)住房和社會(huì)保障體系，在農(nóng)村參加的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)規(guī)范接入城鎮(zhèn)社保體系。建立財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付同農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化掛鉤機(jī)制，從嚴(yán)合理供給城市建設(shè)用地，提高城市土地利用率。 | We will help the eligible population to move away from agriculture and become urban residents. We will introduce new population management methods, accelerate the reform of household registration system, completely lift restrictions on new residence registration in administrative townships and small cities, relax restrictions on new residence registration in medium-sized cities in an orderly manner, lay down appropriate conditions for new residence registration in large cities, and strictly control the population size of megacities. We will steadily make basic urban public services available to all permanent residents in cities, and incorporate farmers who have registered as urban residents into the urban housing and social security network, and make sure their previous subscription to old-age insurance and medical insurance in the countryside continues in the urban social security system. We will establish a mechanism dovetailing fiscal transfer payment with the urbanized agricultural population, provide land for urban development with reasonable restrictions, and increase urban land use efficiency. |
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