中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定（全文）
Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform
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調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 十二、推進(jìn)社會(huì)事業(yè)改革創(chuàng)新 | XII. Promoting Reform and Innovation of Social Undertakings |
| 實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民，必須加快社會(huì)事業(yè)改革，解決好人民最關(guān)心最直接最現(xiàn)實(shí)的利益問題，努力為社會(huì)提供多樣化服務(wù)，更好滿足人民需求。 | In order to make sure that more fruits of development are shared by all the people in a fair way, we must accelerate the reform of social undertakings, satisfactorily resolve the most pressing and real problems of the greatest concern to the people, endeavor to provide the public with diversified services, and better satisfy the people's demands. |
| （42）深化教育領(lǐng)域綜合改革。全面貫徹黨的教育方針，堅(jiān)持立德樹人，加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系教育，完善中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化教育，形成愛學(xué)習(xí)、愛勞動(dòng)、愛祖國(guó)活動(dòng)的有效形式和長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生社會(huì)責(zé)任感、創(chuàng)新精神、實(shí)踐能力。強(qiáng)化體育課和課外鍛煉，促進(jìn)青少年身心健康、體魄強(qiáng)健。改進(jìn)美育教學(xué)，提高學(xué)生審美和人文素養(yǎng)。大力促進(jìn)教育公平，健全家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助體系，構(gòu)建利用信息化手段擴(kuò)大優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源覆蓋面的有效機(jī)制，逐步縮小區(qū)域、城鄉(xiāng)、校際差距。統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育資源均衡配置，實(shí)行公辦學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)和校長(zhǎng)教師交流輪崗，不設(shè)重點(diǎn)學(xué)校重點(diǎn)班，破解擇校難題，標(biāo)本兼治減輕學(xué)生課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)。加快現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系建設(shè)，深化產(chǎn)教融合、校企合作，培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)勞動(dòng)者和技能型人才。創(chuàng)新高校人才培養(yǎng)機(jī)制，促進(jìn)高校辦出特色爭(zhēng)創(chuàng)一流。推進(jìn)學(xué)前教育、特殊教育、繼續(xù)教育改革發(fā)展。 | 42. Deepening the comprehensive reforms in the area of education. We will carry out the Party's principles on education, continue to cultivate talented people with high moral standards, strengthen education in core socialist values and improve education in outstanding traditional Chinese culture, create effective forms and lasting mechanisms for the campaign of "enjoying study and labor and loving the country," and enhance students' sense of social responsibility, innovativeness and practical abilities. We will intensify physical education and extracurricular activities to promote young people's mental and physical health. We will improve aesthetics education to raise students' aesthetic and artistic ability. We will vigorously promote educational equality, improve the financial assistance system for students from families with financial difficulties, and establish an effective mechanism to expand the coverage of high-quality education resources by means of information technology, so as to gradually narrow the gaps between different regions, between urban and rural areas and between different schools. We will make a balanced allocation of compulsory education resources between urban and rural areas, set unified standards for the construction of public schools, exchange principals and teachers among different public schools, and abolish the practice of establishing key schools or classes, so as to overcome the problem caused by choosing schools and reduce the academic burden on students. We will quicken steps in the development of a modern vocational education system, deepen the integration of production and education and cooperation between schools and enterprises, and train high-caliber workers and technical talents. We will make innovations in the mechanism of higher learning institutions that trains talents, encouraging them to strive for specialty and excellence. We will boost the reform and development of pre-school, special and continued education. |
| 推進(jìn)考試招生制度改革，探索招生和考試相對(duì)分離、學(xué)生考試多次選擇、學(xué)校依法自主招生、專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)組織實(shí)施、政府宏觀管理、社會(huì)參與監(jiān)督的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，從根本上解決一考定終身的弊端。義務(wù)教育免試就近入學(xué)，試行學(xué)區(qū)制和九年一貫對(duì)口招生。推行初高中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試和綜合素質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)。加快推進(jìn)職業(yè)院校分類招考或注冊(cè)入學(xué)。逐步推行普通高?；诮y(tǒng)一高考和高中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試成績(jī)的綜合評(píng)價(jià)多元錄取機(jī)制。探索全國(guó)統(tǒng)考減少科目、不分文理科、外語等科目社會(huì)化考試一年多考。試行普通高校、高職院校、成人高校之間學(xué)分轉(zhuǎn)換，拓寬終身學(xué)習(xí)通道。 | In order to eradicate the drawback of "one's fate being determined by an examination," we will promote the reform of the examination and college admission system, explore an operational mechanism in which college admission and examination are separated to a certain extent, students have multiple opportunities in the college entrance examinations, colleges admit students independently according to law, professional institutions organize for the implementation, the government enforces macro control, and the society participates in the supervision. We will try to implement a school district system in which students enter the schools within their respective districts throughout their nine-year compulsory education without taking any examinations. We will promote academic proficiency tests and comprehensive quality evaluation in junior and senior high schools. We will intensify efforts to administer categorized tests and open admissions for vocational school entrance. We will gradually establish a comprehensive evaluation and diversified college admission mechanism based on the results in the unified national entrance examinations for regular institutions of higher learning and the proficiency test results in high schools. We will explore ways to reduce the number of courses in the unified national examinations, with a mixture of social and natural sciences, and have open-to-all foreign languages tests several times a year. We will try to unify credits among regular higher-learning institutions, higher vocational schools and adult colleges, thus broadening the channels for lifelong learning. |
| 深入推進(jìn)管辦評(píng)分離，擴(kuò)大省級(jí)政府教育統(tǒng)籌權(quán)和學(xué)校辦學(xué)自主權(quán)，完善學(xué)校內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu)。強(qiáng)化國(guó)家教育督導(dǎo)，委托社會(huì)組織開展教育評(píng)估監(jiān)測(cè)。健全政府補(bǔ)貼、政府購買服務(wù)、助學(xué)貸款、基金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、捐資激勵(lì)等制度，鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)力量興辦教育。 | We will further push ahead with the separation of government administration, school management and educational evaluation, delegate greater power to provincial governments in making their overall educational development plans and to schools to make their own decisions about school affairs, and improve the internal governance structure of the schools. We will strengthen the state's function in supervising education, and entrust social organizations to carry out evaluation and monitoring of education. We will improve the systems of government subsidies, government services purchase, student loans, scholarships and incentive for donation to education, and encourage social funds to be channeled into education. |
| （43）健全促進(jìn)就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)體制機(jī)制。建立經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和擴(kuò)大就業(yè)的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制，健全政府促進(jìn)就業(yè)責(zé)任制度。規(guī)范招人用人制度，消除城鄉(xiāng)、行業(yè)、身份、性別等一切影響平等就業(yè)的制度障礙和就業(yè)歧視。完善扶持創(chuàng)業(yè)的優(yōu)惠政策，形成政府激勵(lì)創(chuàng)業(yè)、社會(huì)支持創(chuàng)業(yè)、勞動(dòng)者勇于創(chuàng)業(yè)新機(jī)制。完善城鄉(xiāng)均等的公共就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)服務(wù)體系，構(gòu)建勞動(dòng)者終身職業(yè)培訓(xùn)體系。增強(qiáng)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度預(yù)防失業(yè)、促進(jìn)就業(yè)功能，完善就業(yè)失業(yè)監(jiān)測(cè)統(tǒng)計(jì)制度。創(chuàng)新勞動(dòng)關(guān)系協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，暢通職工表達(dá)合理訴求渠道。 | 43. Improving systems and mechanisms that boost employment and business startups. We will set up a mechanism that links up economic growth and employment increase, and improve the responsibility system of the government in promoting employment. We will regulate human resource management, removing all institutional barriers and employment discrimination that affect equal employment, such as the birthplace of a person (cities or countryside), industries, social status and gender. We will improve preferential policies for business startups, so as to put into place a new mechanism under which the government gives incentive to, the enterprises support and the laborers are bold in starting new businesses. We will improve the public service system for employment that fares both urban and rural areas equally, and build a lifelong vocational training system for workers. We will strengthen the functions of the unemployment insurance system in preventing unemployment and boosting employment, and improve the employment/unemployment monitoring and statistics system. We will innovate the labor relations coordination mechanism, opening up channels for workers to effectively make reasonable appeals. |
| 促進(jìn)以高校畢業(yè)生為重點(diǎn)的青年就業(yè)和農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動(dòng)力、城鎮(zhèn)困難人員、退役軍人就業(yè)。結(jié)合產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)開發(fā)更多適合高校畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)崗位。政府購買基層公共管理和社會(huì)服務(wù)崗位更多用于吸納高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)。健全鼓勵(lì)高校畢業(yè)生到基層工作的服務(wù)保障機(jī)制，提高公務(wù)員定向招錄和事業(yè)單位優(yōu)先招聘比例。實(shí)行激勵(lì)高校畢業(yè)生自主創(chuàng)業(yè)政策，整合發(fā)展國(guó)家和省級(jí)高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)基金。實(shí)施離校未就業(yè)高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)促進(jìn)計(jì)劃，把未就業(yè)的納入就業(yè)見習(xí)、技能培訓(xùn)等就業(yè)準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)之中，對(duì)有特殊困難的實(shí)行全程就業(yè)服務(wù)。 | We will promote the employment of young people, especially college graduates, and the employment of workers from rural areas, urban residents with financial difficulties and ex-service members. We will create more employment opportunities for college graduates during the process of industrial upgrading. The posts in public management and social services that the government buys shall be primarily used for the employment of graduates of higher-learning institutions. We will improve the service and security mechanism for encouraging college graduates to work at the community level, and increase the proportion of the posts in which they enjoy priority in the recruitment of civil servants and public institution employees. We will adopt policies to encourage more college graduates to start businesses on their own, and integrate and develop the entrepreneurship and employment foundations for graduates of national- and provincial-level colleges. We will implement a plan for promoting the employment of college graduates who have left school but have not found jobs, include unemployed college graduates in employment-preparation activities, such as working as interns and skill training, and provide overall employment assistance to those with special difficulties. |
| （44）形成合理有序的收入分配格局。著重保護(hù)勞動(dòng)所得，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬增長(zhǎng)和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率提高同步，提高勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬在初次分配中的比重。健全工資決定和正常增長(zhǎng)機(jī)制，完善最低工資和工資支付保障制度，完善企業(yè)工資集體協(xié)商制度。改革機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位工資和津貼補(bǔ)貼制度，完善艱苦邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)津貼增長(zhǎng)機(jī)制。健全資本、知識(shí)、技術(shù)、管理等由要素市場(chǎng)決定的報(bào)酬機(jī)制。擴(kuò)展投資和租賃服務(wù)等途徑，優(yōu)化上市公司投資者回報(bào)機(jī)制，保護(hù)投資者尤其是中小投資者合法權(quán)益，多渠道增加居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入。 | 44. Forming a reasonable and orderly distribution pattern of income. We will place emphasis on protecting labor income, strive to synchronize the increase of remuneration for labor with the growth of labor productivity, and raise the proportion of labor remuneration in primary distribution. We will improve the mechanisms of wage determination and regular growth, the systems of minimum wage and guaranteed full payment of wages, and the system of collective pay negotiation in enterprises. We will reform the salary, allowance and bonus system of government organs and public institutions, improve the growth mechanism of allowances for working in remote and border areas. We will improve the system in which the returns for capital, knowledge, technology, managerial expertise and other production factors are determined by the market. We will open up channels for investment and lease services, optimize the mechanism of return for investors of listed companies, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the investors, particularly the medium and small investors, so as to increase the citizens' property incomes via various channels. |
| 完善以稅收、社會(huì)保障、轉(zhuǎn)移支付為主要手段的再分配調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制，加大稅收調(diào)節(jié)力度。建立公共資源出讓收益合理共享機(jī)制。完善慈善捐助減免稅制度，支持慈善事業(yè)發(fā)揮扶貧濟(jì)困積極作用。 | We will improve the regulatory mechanism of income redistribution mainly by the means of taxation, social security and transfer payment and enhance the regulatory role of taxation. We will set up a reasonable sharing mechanism of the earnings from transfer of public resources. We will improve the tax reduction and exemption system for charitable donations, so as to give full play to the positive role of charity organizations in helping the poor and needy. |
| 規(guī)范收入分配秩序，完善收入分配調(diào)控體制機(jī)制和政策體系，建立個(gè)人收入和財(cái)產(chǎn)信息系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)合法收入，調(diào)節(jié)過高收入，清理規(guī)范隱性收入，取締非法收入，增加低收入者收入，擴(kuò)大中等收入者比重，努力縮小城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域、行業(yè)收入分配差距，逐步形成橄欖型分配格局。 | We will regulate income distribution procedures and improve the regulatory systems and mechanisms and policy system for income distribution, establish an individual income and property information system, protect legitimate incomes, regulate excessively high incomes, redefine and clear away hidden incomes, outlaw illegal incomes, increase the incomes of low-income groups, and increase the proportion of the middle-income group in society as a whole. We will strive to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, different regions and different sectors, thus gradually forming an olive-shaped distribution structure in the country. |
| （45）建立更加公平可持續(xù)的社會(huì)保障制度。堅(jiān)持社會(huì)統(tǒng)籌和個(gè)人賬戶相結(jié)合的基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度，完善個(gè)人賬戶制度，健全多繳多得激勵(lì)機(jī)制，確保參保人權(quán)益，實(shí)現(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金全國(guó)統(tǒng)籌，堅(jiān)持精算平衡原則。推進(jìn)機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度改革。整合城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度、基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度。推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)最低生活保障制度統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展。建立健全合理兼顧各類人員的社會(huì)保障待遇確定和正常調(diào)整機(jī)制。完善社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)政策，擴(kuò)大參保繳費(fèi)覆蓋面，適時(shí)適當(dāng)降低社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率。研究制定漸進(jìn)式延遲退休年齡政策。加快健全社會(huì)保障管理體制和經(jīng)辦服務(wù)體系。健全符合國(guó)情的住房保障和供應(yīng)體系，建立公開規(guī)范的住房公積金制度，改進(jìn)住房公積金提取、使用、監(jiān)管機(jī)制。 | 45. Instituting a fairer and more sustainable social security system. We will adhere to the basic old-age insurance system that combines social pools with individual accounts, improve the individual accounts system, complete the incentive mechanism in which those who contribute more will get more, guarantee the rights and interests of the insured, place basic old-age pension under unified national planning, and uphold the principle of balance based on actuarial mathematics. We will push forward the reform of the old-age insurance system for government organs and public institutions. We will integrate the basic old-age insurance and medical care insurance systems for urban and rural residents, and expedite the balanced development of the minimum living allowance system in both urban and rural areas. We will establish and improve a social security benefits calculation and regular adjustment mechanism that gives appropriate consideration to various groups. We will improve policies on the transfer and continuation of social insurance, extend insurance coverage to more groups of people, and reduce the social insurance premiums appropriately and in a timely manner. We will study and work out a policy to progressively raise the retirement age. We will speed up the improvement of a social security management system and service network. We will improve a housing security and supply system consistent with our national conditions, create an open and standard housing provident fund system, and improve the regulations on the withdrawal, use and supervision of the provident fund. |
| 健全社會(huì)保障財(cái)政投入制度，完善社會(huì)保障預(yù)算制度。加強(qiáng)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)基金投資管理和監(jiān)督，推進(jìn)基金市場(chǎng)化、多元化投資運(yùn)營(yíng)。制定實(shí)施免稅、延期征稅等優(yōu)惠政策，加快發(fā)展企業(yè)年金、職業(yè)年金、商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)，構(gòu)建多層次社會(huì)保障體系。 | We will improve a financial input system for and the budgeting system of social security. We will strengthen management of and supervision over investment of social insurance funds, and encourage the funds to be invested into diversified sectors in the market. We will enact preferential policies, such as tax exemption and deferral, and encourage the development of enterprise annuity, occupational annuity and commercial insurance, so as to bring into shape a multi-level social security system. |
| 積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化，加快建立社會(huì)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系和發(fā)展老年服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)。健全農(nóng)村留守兒童、婦女、老年人關(guān)愛服務(wù)體系，健全殘疾人權(quán)益保障、困境兒童分類保障制度。 | We will respond actively to the aging of the population, quicken steps in the establishment of a social endowment service system and development of the service industry for the elderly. We will improve the caring service system for children, women and seniors left behind in the rural areas and a classified security system to protect the rights and interests of the disabled and children in difficulties. |
| （46）深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革。統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)醫(yī)療保障、醫(yī)療服務(wù)、公共衛(wèi)生、藥品供應(yīng)、監(jiān)管體制綜合改革。深化基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)綜合改革，健全網(wǎng)絡(luò)化城鄉(xiāng)基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)運(yùn)行機(jī)制。加快公立醫(yī)院改革，落實(shí)政府責(zé)任，建立科學(xué)的醫(yī)療績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制和適應(yīng)行業(yè)特點(diǎn)的人才培養(yǎng)、人事薪酬制度。完善合理分級(jí)診療模式，建立社區(qū)醫(yī)生和居民契約服務(wù)關(guān)系。充分利用信息化手段，促進(jìn)優(yōu)質(zhì)醫(yī)療資源縱向流動(dòng)。加強(qiáng)區(qū)域公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)資源整合。取消以藥補(bǔ)醫(yī)，理順醫(yī)藥價(jià)格，建立科學(xué)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。改革醫(yī)保支付方式，健全全民醫(yī)保體系。加快健全重特大疾病醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)和救助制度。完善中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)發(fā)展政策和機(jī)制。 | 46. Deepening reform in medicine and health care. We will proceed with a comprehensive reform in medical security, medical care, public health, and the medicine supply and regulatory system. We will deepen the comprehensive reform of grass-roots medical and healthcare institutions, and improve the network of urban and rural basic medical and healthcare services. We will accelerate the reform of public hospitals, ensure the government shoulders its responsibilities in this regard, and set up a scientific medical treatment assessment mechanism and a personnel training and salary system suited to the characteristics of this sector. We will improve the rational modes of graded diagnosis and treatment, establishing a service contract between community doctors and residents. We will make full use of information means to promote the downward flow of high-quality medical sources, and strengthen the regional integration of public medical service resources. We will abolish the practice of raising medicine prices to make up for the shortfall in hospital funds, rationalize the prices of medical services and medicines, and establish an appropriate compensation mechanism. We will reform the methods of insurance payouts, and extend the medical insurance system to all the people. We will speed up the completion of the medical insurance and medical assistance system against fatal and serious diseases. We will improve the policies and mechanisms for the development of traditional Chinese medicine. |
| 鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)辦醫(yī)，優(yōu)先支持舉辦非營(yíng)利性醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。社會(huì)資金可直接投向資源稀缺及滿足多元需求服務(wù)領(lǐng)域，多種形式參與公立醫(yī)院改制重組。允許醫(yī)師多點(diǎn)執(zhí)業(yè)，允許民辦醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)納入醫(yī)保定點(diǎn)范圍。 | We will encourage private funds to flow to medical services, first supporting them to flow to not-for-profit medical institutions. We will allow private funds to invest directly in services that are short of resources or are to meet diverse demands, and to participate in the reform and restructuring of public hospitals in various forms. We will allow doctors to work for more than one hospital, and allow private medical institutions to be included in designated medical insurance institutions. |
| 堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育的基本國(guó)策，啟動(dòng)實(shí)施一方是獨(dú)生子女的夫婦可生育兩個(gè)孩子的政策，逐步調(diào)整完善生育政策，促進(jìn)人口長(zhǎng)期均衡發(fā)展。 | While persisting in the basic national policy of family planning, we will initiate a policy that allows married couples to have two children if one of the parents is a single child, and gradually adjust and improve the birth policy to promote balanced population growth in the long run. |
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