關(guān)于《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》的說明
Explanatory Notes for the 'Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform'
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| 在這次討論和征求意見過程中，許多方面提出，應(yīng)該從理論上對(duì)政府和市場(chǎng)關(guān)系進(jìn)一步作出定位，這對(duì)全面深化改革具有十分重大的作用?？紤]各方面意見和現(xiàn)實(shí)發(fā)展要求，經(jīng)過反復(fù)討論和研究，中央認(rèn)為對(duì)這個(gè)問題從理論上作出新的表述條件已經(jīng)成熟，應(yīng)該把市場(chǎng)在資源配置中的“基礎(chǔ)性作用”修改為“決定性作用”。 | During the discussion and consultation sessions regarding the Decision, many suggested that the Party should further position the government-market relationship from a theoretical perspective, which would have great significance for deepening the reform comprehensively. With due consideration to these opinions and the current circumstances, and after much discussion and research, the Party Central Committee agreed that it was time to introduce a new theoretical expression concerning this matter, and that the "basic role" of the market in allocating resources should be revised to a "decisive role." |
| 現(xiàn)在，我國(guó)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制已經(jīng)初步建立，市場(chǎng)化程度大幅度提高，我們對(duì)市場(chǎng)規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)和駕馭能力不斷提高，宏觀調(diào)控體系更為健全，主客觀條件具備，我們應(yīng)該在完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制上邁出新的步伐。 | We have now basically established a socialist market economy in our country, with considerable improvement in the degree of marketization. We have gained better knowledge of the market rules and enhanced our capacity to use it to our benefit, and have improved the macro control system. With both the subjective and objective conditions ready, we should take a new step forward to improve our socialist market economy. |
| 進(jìn)一步處理好政府和市場(chǎng)關(guān)系，實(shí)際上就是要處理好在資源配置中市場(chǎng)起決定性作用還是政府起決定性作用這個(gè)問題。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展就是要提高資源尤其是稀缺資源的配置效率，以盡可能少的資源投入生產(chǎn)盡可能多的產(chǎn)品、獲得盡可能大的效益。理論和實(shí)踐都證明，市場(chǎng)配置資源是最有效率的形式。市場(chǎng)決定資源配置是市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的一般規(guī)律，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)本質(zhì)上就是市場(chǎng)決定資源配置的經(jīng)濟(jì)。健全社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制必須遵循這條規(guī)律，著力解決市場(chǎng)體系不完善、政府干預(yù)過多和監(jiān)管不到位問題。作出“使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用”的定位，有利于在全黨全社會(huì)樹立關(guān)于政府和市場(chǎng)關(guān)系的正確觀念，有利于轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，有利于轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，有利于抑制消極腐敗現(xiàn)象。 | To further balance the relationship between the government and the market, we need to decide which of the two is to play the decisive role in allocating resources. To boost the economy, we must enhance the efficiency of the allocation of resources, especially that of scarce resources, so that we can use fewer resources to make more products and gain more benefits. Both theory and practice have proved that the allocation of resources by the market is the most effective means to this end. It is a general rule of the market economy that the market decides the allocation of resources, and a market economy in essence is one in which the market determines resource allocation. We have to follow this rule when we improve the socialist market economy. We should work harder to address the problems of market imperfection, too much government interference and lack of oversight. Positioning the market as playing a "decisive role" in resource allocation is conducive to establishing the correct notion of the government-market relationship in the whole Party and the whole society, and conducive to transforming the economic growth pattern and government functions as well as reining in corruption and other forms of misconduct. |
| 當(dāng)然，我國(guó)實(shí)行的是社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，我們?nèi)匀灰獔?jiān)持發(fā)揮我國(guó)社會(huì)主義制度的優(yōu)越性、發(fā)揮黨和政府的積極作用。市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用，并不是起全部作用。 | Our market economy is of a socialist nature, of course. We need to give leverage to the superiority of our socialist system, and let the Party and government perform their positive functions. The market plays a decisive role in allocating resources, but is not the sole actor in this regard. |
| 發(fā)展社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，既要發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)作用，也要發(fā)揮政府作用，但市場(chǎng)作用和政府作用的職能是不同的。全會(huì)決定對(duì)更好發(fā)揮政府作用提出了明確要求，強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)的宏觀調(diào)控，有效的政府治理，是發(fā)揮社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制優(yōu)勢(shì)的內(nèi)在要求。全會(huì)決定對(duì)健全宏觀調(diào)控體系、全面正確履行政府職能、優(yōu)化政府組織結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了部署，強(qiáng)調(diào)政府的職責(zé)和作用主要是保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定，加強(qiáng)和優(yōu)化公共服務(wù)，保障公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管，維護(hù)市場(chǎng)秩序，推動(dòng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，促進(jìn)共同富裕，彌補(bǔ)市場(chǎng)失靈。 | To develop the socialist market economy, leverage should be given to both the market and the government, with differentiated functions. The Decision put forth clear requirements for improving the functions of the government, emphasizing that scientific macro control and effective governance are the intrinsic requirements for giving more leverage to the advantages of the socialist market economy. The Decision also makes plans for improving macro control, correctly performing government functions in all areas, and improving the organization of government. It stresses that the main responsibility and role of the government is to maintain the stability of the macro economy, strengthen and improve public services, ensure fair competition, strengthen oversight of the market, maintain market order, promote sustainable development and common prosperity, and intervene in situations where market failure occurs. |
| 第二，關(guān)于堅(jiān)持和完善基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。堅(jiān)持和完善公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，關(guān)系鞏固和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度的重要支柱。 | Two, adhering to and improving the basic economic system. The basic economic system with public ownership as the mainstay of the economy and economic entities of diverse ownership developing together is an important pillar of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and is the foundation of the socialist market economy. |
| 改革開放以來，我國(guó)所有制結(jié)構(gòu)逐步調(diào)整，公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)和非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、促進(jìn)就業(yè)等方面的比重不斷變化，增強(qiáng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展活力。在這種情況下，如何更好體現(xiàn)和堅(jiān)持公有制主體地位，進(jìn)一步探索基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度有效實(shí)現(xiàn)形式，是擺在我們面前的一個(gè)重大課題。 | Since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policies in 1978, the structure of ownership has undergone gradual adjustment, with changing weight of public and non-public sectors in their contribution to the economy and employment. The economy and society grew more vigorous during the process. Under such circumstances, how to better recognize the dominant position of public ownership and stick to this position and how to further explore the effective forms for materializing the basic economic system have become major topics for us. |
| 全會(huì)決定強(qiáng)調(diào)必須毫不動(dòng)搖鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，堅(jiān)持公有制主體地位，發(fā)揮國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)主導(dǎo)作用，不斷增強(qiáng)國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)活力、控制力、影響力。 | It is emphasized in the Decision that we must unswervingly consolidate and develop the public economy, persist in the dominant position of public ownership, give full play to the leading role of the state-owned economy, and incessantly increase its vitality, control and influence. |
| 全會(huì)決定堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展黨的十五大以來有關(guān)論述，提出要積極發(fā)展混合所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，強(qiáng)調(diào)國(guó)有資本、集體資本、非公有資本等交叉持股、相互融合的混合所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，是基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的重要實(shí)現(xiàn)形式，有利于國(guó)有資本放大功能、保值增值、提高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。這是新形勢(shì)下堅(jiān)持公有制主體地位，增強(qiáng)國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)活力、控制力、影響力的一個(gè)有效途徑和必然選擇。 | Adhering to and furthering the relevant deliberations made since the Party's 15th National Congress, the Decision proposes to vigorously develop a mixed economy. It stresses that a mixed economy with cross-shareholding by and blending of state-owned capital, collective capital and non-public capital is an important way to materialize the basic economic system of China. It helps to improve the functions of state-owned capital, increase its value and raise its competitiveness. This is an effective channel and inevitable choice for us to adhere to the dominant role of the public economy and improve its vitality, control and influence in the new circumstances. |
| 全會(huì)決定提出，完善國(guó)有資產(chǎn)管理體制，以管資本為主加強(qiáng)國(guó)有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管，改革國(guó)有資本授權(quán)經(jīng)營(yíng)體制；國(guó)有資本投資運(yùn)營(yíng)要服務(wù)于國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，更多投向關(guān)系國(guó)家安全、國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈的重要行業(yè)和關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，重點(diǎn)提供公共服務(wù)、發(fā)展重要前瞻性戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè)、保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、支持科技進(jìn)步、保障國(guó)家安全；劃轉(zhuǎn)部分國(guó)有資本充實(shí)社會(huì)保障基金；提高國(guó)有資本收益上繳公共財(cái)政比例，更多用于保障和改善民生。 | The Decision states that China will improve the state assets management system, strengthen state assets oversight with capital management at the core, reform the authorized operation mechanism for state capital. State-owned capital investment operations must serve the strategic goals of the state, invest more in key industries and areas that are vital to national security and are the lifeblood of the economy, focus on offering public services, develop important and forward-looking strategic industries, protect the ecological environment, support scientific and technological progress, and guarantee national security. The government will transfer part of the state-owned capital to social security funds. We will increase the proportion of state-owned capital gains that are turned over to the public finance, to be used to ensure and improve the people's livelihood. |
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