關(guān)于《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》的說明
Explanatory Notes for the 'Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform'
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| 二、關(guān)于全會決定的總體框架和重點(diǎn)問題 | II. The General Framework and Key Issues of the Decision |
| 中央政治局認(rèn)為，面對新形勢新任務(wù)新要求，全面深化改革，關(guān)鍵是要進(jìn)一步形成公平競爭的發(fā)展環(huán)境，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展活力，進(jìn)一步提高政府效率和效能，進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)社會公平正義，進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)社會和諧穩(wěn)定，進(jìn)一步提高黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平和執(zhí)政能力。 | The Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee believes that, facing the new situation with new tasks and new requirements, China must take comprehensive measures to deepen its reform. To do this, the key lies in further developing an environment for fair competition, further invigorating economic and social growth, further enhancing the efficiency of the government, further exploring social equality and justice, further promoting social harmony and stability, and further improving the Party's leadership and governance. |
| 圍繞這些重大課題，我們強(qiáng)調(diào)，要有強(qiáng)烈的問題意識，以重大問題為導(dǎo)向，抓住關(guān)鍵問題進(jìn)一步研究思考，著力推動解決我國發(fā)展面臨的一系列突出矛盾和問題。我們中國共產(chǎn)黨人干革命、搞建設(shè)、抓改革，從來都是為了解決中國的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題?？梢哉f，改革是由問題倒逼而產(chǎn)生，又在不斷解決問題中得以深化。 | To carry out these resolutions, it must be stressed that we should be fully aware of our problems, focus on the key issues for further study and research, and strive to solve the major dilemmas and problems challenging our development. As the Communist Party of China has fought its way through revolution, construction and reforms, its sole aim has always been to solve the problems of China. It is fair to say that existing problems have forced us to reform, and reforms are deepened once problems are tackled and solved. |
| 35年來，我們用改革的辦法解決了黨和國家事業(yè)發(fā)展中的一系列問題。同時(shí)，在認(rèn)識世界和改造世界的過程中，舊的問題解決了，新的問題又會產(chǎn)生，制度總是需要不斷完善，因而改革既不可能一蹴而就、也不可能一勞永逸。 | In the past 35 years, we have overcome many problems hindering the development of the Party and the state through reform. But new problems always replace old ones during our exploration and transformation of the world. This is why our system needs to be constantly improved and why reform cannot be accomplished in one stroke or why we cannot rest on our laurels indefinitely once existing problems are solved. |
| 全會決定起草，突出了5個(gè)方面的考慮。一是適應(yīng)黨和國家事業(yè)發(fā)展新要求，落實(shí)黨的十八大提出的全面深化改革開放的戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)。二是以改革為主線，突出全面深化改革新舉措，一般性舉措不寫，重復(fù)性舉措不寫，純屬發(fā)展性舉措不寫。三是抓住重點(diǎn)，圍繞解決好人民群眾反映強(qiáng)烈的問題，回應(yīng)人民群眾呼聲和期待，突出重要領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，突出經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革牽引作用。四是堅(jiān)持積極穩(wěn)妥，設(shè)計(jì)改革措施膽子要大、步子要穩(wěn)。五是時(shí)間設(shè)計(jì)到2020年，按這個(gè)時(shí)間段提出改革任務(wù)，到2020年在重要領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)改革上取得決定性成果。 | The draft Decision stressed five major considerations. One, it had to meet the new requirements for the development of the Party and state, and implement the strategic task of deepening reform comprehensively, as set forth at the Party's 18th National Congress. Two, it had to center on reform and foreground the new measures for deepening it comprehensively, leaving out general and repetitive measures and measures solely for enhancing development. Three, it had to address the key issues, properly deal with the pressing concerns of the people, respond to their calls and aspirations, focus on important areas and crucial segments, and ensure that the reform of the economic system took the lead in promoting development. Four, it had to take an active yet discreet attitude when designing the reform measures. Five, it had to plan the tasks according to the timetable, which set forth that by 2020 decisive results were to have been achieved in the reform of important areas and crucial segments. |
| 在框架結(jié)構(gòu)上，全會決定以當(dāng)前亟待解決的重大問題為提領(lǐng)，按條條謀篇布局。除引言和結(jié)束語外，共16個(gè)部分，分三大板塊。第一部分構(gòu)成第一板塊，是總論，主要闡述全面深化改革的重大意義、指導(dǎo)思想、總體思路。第二至第十五部分構(gòu)成第二板塊，是分論，主要從經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會、生態(tài)文明、國防和軍隊(duì)6個(gè)方面，具體部署全面深化改革的主要任務(wù)和重大舉措。其中，經(jīng)濟(jì)方面開6條（第二至第七部分），政治方面開3條（第八至第十部分），文化方面開1條（第十一部分），社會方面開2條（第十二至第十三部分），生態(tài)方面開1條（第十四部分），國防和軍隊(duì)方面開1條（第十五部分）。第十六部分構(gòu)成第三板塊，講組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，主要闡述加強(qiáng)和改善黨對全面深化改革的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。 | The Plenary Session set as the framework of the Decision the important issues that China needs to deal with, and arranged the Decision according to its various points. In addition to the Foreword and Conclusion, there are 16 parts divided into three main sections. The first part is also the first section and the General Remarks that mainly elaborates on the significance, guiding thoughts and overall direction of deepening reform comprehensively. Section 2 consists of Part 2 to Part 15, introducing the arrangement of the main tasks and important measures for deepening reform in six aspects – the economy, politics, culture, society, ecology and national defense/armed forces. The different aspects are arranged as follows: Economy from Part 2 to Part 7, politics from Part 8 to Part 10, culture in Part 11, society from Part 12 to Part 13, ecology in Part 14, and national defense/armed forces in Part 15. Part 16 composes the third section, Organizational Leadership, which mainly elaborates on strengthening and improving the Party's leadership in the course of deepening reform comprehensively. |
| 這里，我想就全會決定涉及的幾個(gè)重大問題和重大舉措介紹一下中央的考慮。 | Here, I would like to explain the considerations of the CPC Central Committee on the major issues and key measures mentioned in the Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. |
| 第一，關(guān)于使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發(fā)揮政府作用。這是這次全會決定提出的一個(gè)重大理論觀點(diǎn)。這是因?yàn)椋?jīng)濟(jì)體制改革仍然是全面深化改革的重點(diǎn)，經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的核心問題仍然是處理好政府和市場關(guān)系。 | First of all, we should let the market play the decisive role in allocating resources and let the government play its functions better. This is a major theoretical proposition in the Decision, because economic restructuring is still the focus of deepening reform comprehensively, and the appropriate handling of the relationship between the government and the market is still the core issue of the reform of the economic system. |
| 1992年，黨的十四大提出了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的目標(biāo)是建立社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，提出要使市場在國家宏觀調(diào)控下對資源配置起基礎(chǔ)性作用。這一重大理論突破，對我國改革開放和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展發(fā)揮了極為重要的作用。這也說明，理論創(chuàng)新對實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新具有重大先導(dǎo)作用，全面深化改革必須以理論創(chuàng)新為先導(dǎo)。 | In 1992, the Party's 14th National Congress stipulated that China's economic reform aimed at establishing a socialist market economy, allowing the market to play the basic role in allocating resources under state macro control. This key breakthrough in theory played an extremely important role in guiding China's reform and opening-up effort, and the development of its economy and society. It also illustrated that theoretical innovation pioneers the way for innovation in practice, and for comprehensively deepening the reform we must renew our theory first. |
| 經(jīng)過20多年實(shí)踐，我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制已經(jīng)初步建立，但仍存在不少問題，主要是市場秩序不規(guī)范，以不正當(dāng)手段謀取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的現(xiàn)象廣泛存在；生產(chǎn)要素市場發(fā)展滯后，要素閑置和大量有效需求得不到滿足并存；市場規(guī)則不統(tǒng)一，部門保護(hù)主義和地方保護(hù)主義大量存在；市場競爭不充分，阻礙優(yōu)勝劣汰和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，等等。這些問題不解決好，完善的社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制是難以形成的。 | After 20 years of practice, a socialist market economy has been basically established in China. But there are still many problems. The market lacks order and many seek economic benefits through unjustified means; the market for factors of production lags behind in development, unable to allocate the factors of production to meet the effective demand; the lack of unified market rules means rampant protectionism initiated by departments or local governments; and market competition is not good enough to select the superior and eliminate the inferior, and thus slows down economic restructuring. If left unresolved, these problems will hinder the development of a sound socialist market economy. |
| 從黨的十四大以來的20多年間，對政府和市場關(guān)系，我們一直在根據(jù)實(shí)踐拓展和認(rèn)識深化尋找新的科學(xué)定位。黨的十五大提出“使市場在國家宏觀調(diào)控下對資源配置起基礎(chǔ)性作用”，黨的十六大提出“在更大程度上發(fā)揮市場在資源配置中的基礎(chǔ)性作用”，黨的十七大提出“從制度上更好發(fā)揮市場在資源配置中的基礎(chǔ)性作用”，黨的十八大提出“更大程度更廣范圍發(fā)揮市場在資源配置中的基礎(chǔ)性作用”?？梢钥闯觯覀儗φ褪袌鲫P(guān)系的認(rèn)識也在不斷深化。 | Over the past two decades since the Party's 14th National Congress, we have kept searching for a new positioning for the relationship between the government and the market through practice and theoretical research. The Party's 15th National Congress proposed that "the market will play a basic role in the allocation of resources under state macro control," the Party's 16th National Congress proposed to "give a fuller play to the basic role of the market in the allocation of resources," the Party's 17th National Congress sought to "introduce institutions to give better play to the basic role of market forces in allocating resources," and the Party's 18th National Congress stipulated that the Party should "leverage to a greater extent and in a wider scope the basic role of the market in allocating resources." From the above progression it can be seen that we have been constantly deepening our understanding of the government-market relationship. |
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