美國全國廣播公司記者：得益于較好的國際環(huán)境和貿(mào)易體系，過去的十年，是中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展最快的十年。在您任期的最后一年，特別是考慮到不久前在波士頓的國際碼頭工人協(xié)會向您授予獎項，如果您只能做一件事來使中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系實現(xiàn)再平衡，為更多的美國工人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會，您將會做什么事？ 有些批評人士表示中國扭曲了國際競爭，使貿(mào)易對自己有利，您是否會考慮改革中國的貿(mào)易體系？

溫家寶：最近美國碼頭工人協(xié)會授予我一個“美國工人之友獎”，這個獎與其說是授予我的，不如說是中美經(jīng)貿(mào)互利共贏的一個范例。

記者先生提到，如果我做一件事能夠緩解中美貿(mào)易的不平衡，那么我選擇哪一件事情。其實這個問題我已經(jīng)深思熟慮很久了，并且在2009年和2011年兩次同奧巴馬總統(tǒng)做了深談。我以為解決中美貿(mào)易的不平衡，以及由此引起的各種困難和摩擦，還是要通過合作的辦法。

因此，我比較完整地提出了關(guān)于促進中美經(jīng)貿(mào)、金融與投資合作的一攬子計劃的建議。它包括：

進一步發(fā)展中美之間的雙向貿(mào)易。中國擴大美國產(chǎn)品的進口，美國要開放美國產(chǎn)品的出口，取消限制。其次，加強雙向投資。兩國應(yīng)該為投資創(chuàng)造有利條件，并實行投資保護。第三，加強兩國在新能源、新材料、節(jié)能環(huán)保、航天航空等高科技領(lǐng)域的合作，開辟新的合作領(lǐng)域。第四，加強基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的合作，并使這種合作與金融合作相聯(lián)系。就是說中國將投資美國的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，而擴大美國工人的就業(yè)。這是一舉雙得的事情。

奧巴馬總統(tǒng)非常重視我的建議，雙方已經(jīng)就此進行研究。我相信合作比對抗好，只要循著這條正確的路子走下去，中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系會走上一條健康、持久發(fā)展的道路。

至于你說到美國關(guān)心中國貿(mào)易體系改革的問題，如果講得明確一點，主要指三個問題：

第一，就是進出口的基本平衡。我可以明確地告訴你，在2011年中國經(jīng)常性賬戶占GDP的比重已經(jīng)達到2.8%，小于3%的國際公認(rèn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。也就是說在國際收支和貨物貿(mào)易上，中國已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了基本平衡。

第二，匯率，這是美國關(guān)注的。從2005年匯改以來，中國實際有效匯率已經(jīng)提高30%。請記者先生注意一種現(xiàn)象：從去年9月份開始，在香港市場無本金遠期交割，也就是所謂NDF，開始雙向波動。這就告訴我們，中國的人民幣匯率有可能已經(jīng)接近均衡水平。我們將繼續(xù)加大匯改的力度，特別是較大幅度地實行雙向的波動。

第三，我們將堅持多哈回合的原則，主張自由貿(mào)易、反對保護主義。謝謝。

NBC: Overall, the past 10 years have seen China's fastest economic growth thanks in part to a benign international environment and trading system. With due respect, Premier Wen, in your last year in office, if you would have one thing that you can be allowed to do to re-balance the U.S.-China economic relationship that can create American jobs for example, in keeping with the award bestowed to you recently in Boston by the International Longshoremen's Association, then what is the thing that you would like to do? Would you consider, for example, reforming China's trade regime that some American critics say distorts global competition in China's favor?

Wen Jiabao: Not long ago, the International Longshoremen's Association in the United States gave me the award of "Best Friend of the American Worker." I am the recipient of this award, but I would rather see this award as a strong example showing that the business relationship between China and the United States is of mutual benefit.

You asked me if there is one thing that I can do to ease the trade imbalance between China and the United States, what would it be? As a matter of fact, I have been thinking about this issue for a long time. In 2009 and 2011, I had thorough exchanges of views with President Barack Obama of the United States. I believe to ease the trade imbalance between the two countries and resolve the difficulties and frictions in our business ties, we still need to rely on cooperation.

For that purpose, I have set out to the U.S. side a package proposal that suggests the two countries embrace stronger business, financial and investment cooperation. The main contents of my proposal are as follows:

First, we need to further enhance two-way trade between China and the United States. China is ready to buy more from the United States, and the United States needs to ease its restrictions on the export of certain goods to China. Second, the two countries should work together to increase mutual investment. Both sides need to create favorable conditions for mutual investment and protect such investments. Third, we need to enhance cooperation in hi-tech fields covering new materials, new energy sources, energy conservation, environmental protection, aviation and space so that we can open up new dimensions for China-U.S. cooperation. Fourth, we need to enhance our cooperation in infrastructure development, and bring it in line with our financial cooperation. That means China is ready to invest in the infrastructure construction in the United States, and that will help generate local jobs. I believe this is of mutual benefit.

President Obama has attached high importance to my proposal, and competent authorities of the two sides are studying it. I believe that cooperation is better than confrontation. As long as we continue to move in this right direction, the business ties between China and the United States will enjoy sustained and sound growth.

With respect to your question concerning possible reform of China's trading system, I would like to make three points:

First, on the basic balance between imports and exports, I would like to tell you that in 2011, the current account surplus of China as a share of the GDP came down to 2.8 percent, which is below the 3 percent level that is internationally recognized as appropriate. This shows that China has achieved basic equilibrium in its international balance of payments and trade in goods.

Second, the Renminbi exchange rate is of high interest to the U.S. side. Since we launched the reform of the Renminbi exchange rate formation mechanism in 2005, the real effective exchange rate of the Chinese currency has appreciated by about 30 percent. I want to draw your attention to such a phenomenon, that is, since last September, the Renminbi exchange rate has experienced two-way flotation on the Hong Kong NDF market. This shows that the Renminbi exchange rate may have approached an equilibrium level. We will press ahead with the reform of the Renminbi exchange rate formation mechanism. In particular, we welcome greater elasticity of the Renminbi exchange rate.

Third, we will adhere to the purpose of the Doha round negotiations, support free trade and oppose protectionism.