（四）切實(shí)保障和改善民生，解決關(guān)系群眾切身利益的問題。

我們堅(jiān)持民生優(yōu)先，努力使發(fā)展成果惠及全體人民，促進(jìn)社會公平正義。

實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。多渠道開發(fā)就業(yè)崗位，全力推動以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)，加強(qiáng)職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)和公共就業(yè)服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。加大財(cái)政、稅收、金融等方面支持力度，著力促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工等重點(diǎn)人群就業(yè)。高校畢業(yè)生初次就業(yè)率77．8%，同比提高1．2個百分點(diǎn)。農(nóng)民工總量2．53億人，比上年增長4．4%，其中，外出農(nóng)民工1．59億人，增長3．4%。

積極調(diào)整收入分配關(guān)系。著力提高低收入群眾收入。農(nóng)村居民人均純收入實(shí)際增速為1985年以來最高，連續(xù)兩年快于城鎮(zhèn)居民；各地普遍較大幅度調(diào)高最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；連續(xù)第7年提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多萬人受益；進(jìn)一步提高城鄉(xiāng)低保補(bǔ)助水平以及部分優(yōu)撫對象撫恤和生活補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對全國城鄉(xiāng)低保對象、農(nóng)村五保供養(yǎng)對象等8600多萬名困難群眾發(fā)放一次性生活補(bǔ)貼；建立社會救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價上漲掛鉤的聯(lián)動機(jī)制。擴(kuò)大中等收入者所占比重。

個人所得稅起征點(diǎn)從2000元提高到3500元。降低900多萬個體工商戶稅負(fù)。中央決定將農(nóng)民人均純收入2300元（2010年不變價）作為新的國家扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，比2009年提高92%，把更多農(nóng)村低收入人口納入扶貧范圍，這是社會的巨大進(jìn)步。

加強(qiáng)社會保障體系建設(shè)。社會保障覆蓋范圍繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，全國參加城鎮(zhèn)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、工傷保險(xiǎn)和生育保險(xiǎn)人數(shù)大幅增加。2147個縣（市、區(qū)）實(shí)施城鎮(zhèn)居民社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，1334萬人參保，641萬人領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金。2343個縣（市、區(qū)）開展新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，3．58億人參保，9880萬人領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金，覆蓋面擴(kuò)大到60%以上。

解決了500多萬名集體企業(yè)退休人員養(yǎng)老保障的歷史遺留問題。將312萬名企業(yè)“老工傷”人員和工亡職工供養(yǎng)親屬納入工傷保險(xiǎn)統(tǒng)籌管理。養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)跨地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)工作有序推進(jìn)。社會保障體系不斷健全，向制度全覆蓋邁出重大步伐，這是推進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化取得的重要成就。

大力推進(jìn)保障性安居工程建設(shè)。出臺關(guān)于保障性安居工程建設(shè)和管理的指導(dǎo)意見，完善財(cái)政投入、土地供應(yīng)、信貸支持、稅費(fèi)減免等政策，著力提高規(guī)劃建設(shè)和工程質(zhì)量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和辦法。中央財(cái)政安排資金1713億元，是2010年的2．2倍，全年城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房基本建成432萬套，新開工建設(shè)1043萬套。

努力維護(hù)社會公共安全。加強(qiáng)安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)管，做好重特大安全事故的處置、調(diào)查、問責(zé)工作。完善食品安全監(jiān)管體制機(jī)制，集中打擊、整治非法添加和違法生產(chǎn)加工行為。堅(jiān)持以人為本、服務(wù)為先，加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會管理，著力排查化解各類社會矛盾，依法打擊違法犯罪活動，保持社會和諧穩(wěn)定。

4. Ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing and solving problems that affect their interests

We continued to put the people's wellbeing first, worked hard to bring the benefit of development to all, and promoted social fairness and justice.

We implemented a more active employment policy. We created jobs through a variety of channels, expanded job opportunities through the creation of new businesses, strengthened vocational skills training, and improved the public employment service system. We increased fiscal, taxation, and financial support to promote employment of university graduates, rural migrant workers, and other key groups. The employment rate for college graduates reached 77.8%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year. The number of rural workers totaled 253 million, an increase of 4.4% over the previous year, of whom 159 million worked in towns and cities, up 3.4%.

We adjusted income distribution. We worked hard to increase the income of low-income people. Per capita net income of rural residents in real terms registered the fastest growth since 1985, outpacing urban residents for the second straight year. We significantly increased the minimum wage across the country. Basic pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the seventh consecutive year, with an average increase of 1,680 yuan per person for the year, which benefited over 57 million people. We further increased subsistence allowances for rural and urban residents and subsidies and living allowances for some entitled groups, and granted lump-sum living allowances to more than 86 million people in need, including subsistence allowance recipients in urban and rural areas and childless and infirm rural residents who are entitled to five forms of support (food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses). We instituted a mechanism to increase social aid and social security benefits when consumer prices rise. The proportion of middle-income earners in the whole population increased.

We raised the salary threshold for personal income tax from 2,000 yuan to 3,500 yuan. We reduced the tax burden on over nine million self-employed people. The central government set the new poverty line at 2,300 yuan, which was the per capita net income in rural areas at 2010 prices, an increase of 92% over 2009. This resulted in more low-income people being covered by the government's poverty reduction program, which constitutes tremendous social progress.

We bolstered the development of the social security system. We continued to expand coverage of social security, and the number of people covered by basic old-age insurance for urban residents, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance rose substantially nationwide. We carried out trials of old-age insurance for non-working urban residents in 2,147 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 13.34 million residents, and 6.41 million residents received pensions. We launched trials of a new type of old-age insurance for rural residents in 2,343 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 358 million people, and 98.8 million people received pensions. We extended coverage of this insurance to more than 60% of China's counties.

We solved longstanding problems concerning pensions for more than five million retirees of collectively owned enterprises. We included 3.12 million persons who suffer from past work-related injuries and dependents of employees who lost their lives in work-related accidents in workers' compensation insurance. We worked in an orderly way to make it possible to transfer pension accounts between localities. We continued to improve the social security system and made significant progress in extending coverage to all residents. This was an important achievement for ensuring equal access to basic public services for all.

We accelerated the construction of low-income housing. We adopted guidelines on construction and management of low-income housing; improved policies on government input, land supply, credit support, and tax and fee reductions; strove to improve project planning and construction quality; and introduced a system and measures for distributing, managing, and recalling low-income housing. The central government allocated 171.3 billion yuan for these purposes, an increase of 120% over 2010. We basically completed 4.32 million units of low-income urban housing and began construction on a further 10.43 million units.

We worked hard to safeguard public safety. We intensified oversight and supervision of workplace safety and ensured that major accidents were fully investigated and dealt with and those responsible were held accountable. We improved the system and mechanisms for oversight and supervision of food safety, and gave high priority to cracking down on the use of illegal additives and the illegal production and processing of food. We put people and services first, strengthened and made innovations in social administration, strove to investigate and resolve social conflicts, cracked down on crime in accordance with the law, and maintained social harmony and stability.