2012年美國的人權(quán)紀(jì)錄（全文）
Full text: Human Rights Record of the United States in 2012
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國務(wù)院新聞辦公室4月21日發(fā)表《2012年美國的人權(quán)紀(jì)錄》。 |
| 導(dǎo) 言 | Foreword |
| 以“人權(quán)衛(wèi)士”自居的美國政府在剛剛發(fā)布的《2012年國別人權(quán)報告》中，又對包括中國在內(nèi)的190多個國家的人權(quán)狀況指手畫腳、說三道四，而偏偏對其本國存在的人權(quán)問題避而不談、只字未提。事實說明，美國存在著嚴(yán)重人權(quán)問題，并廣受世人詬病。在這里，僅對2012年美國的人權(quán)問題做些實錄，以便世人從中略窺美國人權(quán)狀況之一斑。 | The State Department of the United States recently released its Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, posing as "the world judge of human rights" again. As in previous years, the reports are full of carping and irresponsible remarks on the human rights situation in more than 190 countries and regions including China. However, the U.S. turned a blind eye to its own woeful human rights situation and never said a word about it. Facts show that there are serious human rights problems in the U.S. which incur extensive criticism in the world. The Human Rights Record of the U.S. in 2012 is hereby prepared to reveal the true human rights situation of the U.S. to people across the world by simply laying down some facts. |
| 2012年美國存在的人權(quán)問題在以下幾個方面使人印象深刻： | The human rights situation in the U.S. in 2012 has deeply impressed people in the following aspects: |
| ——美國持槍犯罪嚴(yán)重威脅公民的生命與人身安全。2012年，先后發(fā)生奧克蘭校園槍擊案、科羅拉多“世紀(jì)１６”電影院槍擊案和康涅狄格州校園槍擊案，傷亡人數(shù)震驚世界。 | -- Firearms-related crimes posed serious threat to the lives and personal security of citizens in the U.S. Some shootings left astonishing casualties, such as the school shooting in Oakland, the Century 16 theater shooting in Colorado and the school shooting in Connecticut. |
| ——美國選舉不能充分體現(xiàn)全體公民的真正意志。政治獻金在很大程度上影響了選舉過程和政策走向。在2012年美國大選中，僅有57.5%的選民參加了投票。 | -- In the U.S., elections could not fully embody the real will of its citizens. Political contributions had, to a great extent, influenced the electoral procedures and policy direction. During the 2012 presidential election, the voter turnout was only 57.5 percent. |
| ——美國政府進一步限制了公民和政治權(quán)利。不斷擴大對個人通信的監(jiān)聽和審查范圍。警察經(jīng)常濫用職權(quán)，導(dǎo)致侵犯公民權(quán)利的投訴和指控不斷上升。女性遭受家庭暴力和性侵犯比例持續(xù)增加。 | -- In the U.S., citizens' civil and political rights were further restricted by the government. The government expanded the scope of eavesdropping and censoring on personal telecommunications. The police often abused their power, resulting in increasing complaints and charges for infringement upon civil rights. The proportion of women in the U.S. who fell victims of domestic violence and sexual assault kept increasing. |
| ——美國已成為發(fā)達國家中貧富懸殊最大的國家之一。2011年美國基尼系數(shù)為0.477，失業(yè)人數(shù)高達900萬人；約有1640萬兒童生活在貧困之中，公立學(xué)校報告的無家可歸的兒童和青少年數(shù)量首次超過100萬。 | -- The U.S. has become one of the developed countries with the greatest income gap. In 2011, the Gini index was 0.477 in the U.S. and about 9 million people were registered as unemployed; About 16.4 million children lived in poverty and, for the first time in history, public schools reported more than one million homeless children and youth. |
| ——美國存在嚴(yán)重的性別歧視、種族歧視和宗教歧視。土著人面臨嚴(yán)重的種族歧視，其貧困率是全國平均水平的兩倍；美國一名導(dǎo)演拍攝并在網(wǎng)上播放的侮辱伊斯蘭教先知的電影引發(fā)了全球穆斯林的抗議浪潮。 | -- There was serious sex, racial and religious discrimination in the U.S. Indigenous people suffered serious racial discrimination and their poverty rate doubled the national average. A movie produced by a U.S. director and aired online was deemed insulting to the Prophet Mohammed, sparking protests by the Muslims worldwide. |
| ——美國嚴(yán)重侵害他國人權(quán)。2012年，美國在也門、阿富汗、巴基斯坦等國的軍事行動造成無辜平民大量死亡；焚經(jīng)辱尸，褻瀆當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦淖诮谈星?。美軍在伊拉克?zhàn)爭中使用白磷彈和貧鈾彈，使戰(zhàn)后伊拉克嬰兒出生缺陷率大幅上升。 | -- The U.S. seriously infringed upon human rights of other nations. In 2012, U.S. military operations in Yemen, Afghanistan and Pakistan caused massive civilian casualties. U.S. soldiers had also severely blasphemed against local residents' religion by burning copies of the Muslim holy book, the Koran, and insulting bodies of the dead. There was a huge rise in birth defects in Iraq since the war against Iraq with military actions in which American forces used metal contaminant-releasing white phosphorus shells and depleted uranium bombs. |
| ——美國未能有效參與國際人權(quán)合作。美國沒有加入或批準(zhǔn)《經(jīng)濟、社會及文化權(quán)利國際公約》、《兒童權(quán)利公約》、《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》、《殘疾人權(quán)利公約》等一系列聯(lián)合國核心人權(quán)公約。 | -- The U.S. was not able to effectively participate in international cooperation on human rights. To date, the U.S. remains a country which has not participated in or ratified a series of core UN conventions on human rights, such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. |
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