| "Inside Job" starts not on Wall Street but in Iceland, a nation whose problems turn out to be the world's in microcosm. How did this small country, with a gross national product of $13 billion, end up with bank losses of $100 billion? The privatization of the three largest banks led to a borrowing spree that led to disaster. |
紀錄片《監(jiān)守自盜》的開場不在華爾街，而是在冰島——這個國家暴露出來的問題其實是全球金融問題的縮影。為什么國民生產(chǎn)總值達130億美元的這樣一個小國，卻最終背負了1千億美元的銀行損失？冰島最大的三家銀行實現(xiàn)私有化之后，出現(xiàn)了一股瘋狂的借貸熱，由此引發(fā)了災難。 |
| In the United States, Ferguson explains, after more than 30 years without a financial crisis, things began to change in 1981. A group including Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan (who was ideologically opposed to regulation) and both Republican and Democratic Treasury secretaries including Donald T. Regan, Robert E. Rubin and Lawrence H. Summers made deregulation the way things were going to be. |
根據(jù)導演福格森的闡釋，在此之前，美國已連續(xù)30多年沒有出現(xiàn)過金融危機；而自1981年起，事態(tài)開始發(fā)生變化。無論是美聯(lián)儲主席艾倫?格林斯潘（他從意識形態(tài)上抗拒對金融市場進行監(jiān)管），還是包括唐納德?里根、羅伯特?魯賓、勞倫斯?薩默斯在內(nèi)的幾任共和黨或民主黨的財政部長，他們都提倡按照行業(yè)應有的發(fā)展對金融業(yè)實行放松管制。 |
| When complex, potentially dangerous financial instruments called derivatives came into vogue, unsung heroes, like government official Brooksley Born, pushed strenuously for their regulation, but the powers that be were so opposed that in 2000 Congress passed a bill specifically prohibiting that from happening. |
隨著復雜且具有潛在危險性的金融衍生工具蔚然成風，一些“無名”英雄，像政府官員布魯克斯利?波恩，曾竭力呼吁要加強監(jiān)管；然而，當局對此表示反對，以至于2000年的時候，國會還通過了一項法案明確禁止對金融衍生工具進行管制。 |
| Derivatives made it possible for banks that made housing loans to minimize their risk if there was a failure to repay, which helped in subprime mortgages. Then financial institutions combined these risky loans and made them seem as reliable as government securities, which of course they were not. Using the notorious credit default swaps, these firms were able to both sell those unreliable securities to gullible clients and also bet that they were going to fail. It was, as Laurel and Hardy might have said, a fine mess. |
對于提供購房貸款業(yè)務的銀行來說，如果出現(xiàn)客戶無力償還貸款的情況，金融衍生工具能夠將銀行承擔的風險降到最低，而這進一步促進了次貸市場的繁榮。金融機構則合并這些高風險貸款，使得它們看上去如政府債券一般可靠；當然，這些貸款并不是政府債券。因為有臭名昭著的“信用違約掉期”作保障，這些公司一方面向輕信的客戶出售不可靠的證券，另一方面又把寶押在這些債務證券一定會違約上。要是用喜劇搭檔勞萊與哈臺的話來說，這就是一場貓鼠大戰(zhàn)。 |
| Narrated by Matt Damon, the film demystifies the complex mechanisms that led to millions of home and job losses. Ferguson examines how politicians dismantled regulations enacted after the Great Depression, how Wall Street escalated its high risk behaviour and how Ivy League business schools neglected to challenge dangerous trends. |
影片由馬特?達蒙擔任旁白，揭示了這些復雜的金融機制如何導致數(shù)百萬人失去了房屋和工作。政要們怎樣廢除了自大蕭條之后實行的金融監(jiān)管政策？華爾街如何使其高風險行為步步升級？各大常春藤盟校的商學院又為何沒有對這種危險的趨勢提出質疑？導演福格森對這些都展開了調(diào)查分析。 |
| As Ferguson makes clear, nothing substantial has changed since the crisis. The same people are still in power and the same systems are still in place. So, yes, prepare to get angry. But that’s not enough; we also need to get wiser. Inside Job helps us do both. |
正如福格森所闡釋的，自危機發(fā)生以來，一切都未發(fā)生實質性的改變。掌權的依舊是那些人，運行的還是同樣的體制。因此，沒錯兒，準備發(fā)飆吧！但是這并不夠，我們還要變得更機智一些?！侗O(jiān)守自盜》這部紀錄片會給我們同時帶來這些感受。 |
| "It is my hope," he writes in a director's statement, "that after seeing this film we can all agree on the importance of restoring honesty and stability to our financial system, and of holding accountable those who destroyed it." It's a statement that, like this exceptional film, is hard to argue with. |
“我希望，”他在一份導演闡述中這樣寫道，“看完這部影片后，我們都能對此達成一致：回歸金融體系的誠信和穩(wěn)健很重要，追究金融體系破壞者的責任也同樣重要。”對于這樣的闡述，對于這部杰出的影片，我們都很難提出異議。
（China.org.cn Wendy 譯）
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