|
然而，西方世界的很多人仍然覺(jué)得了解中國(guó)是件很難的事。而中國(guó)也有民眾對(duì)西方世界到底用意如何有疑慮。
|
However, many people in the Western world find it difficult to understand China. On the other hand, there is also wariness on the part of the Chinese people about the Western world’s intention on China.
|
|
那么，中國(guó)到底是一個(gè)什么樣的國(guó)家呢？其實(shí)很難用一句簡(jiǎn)單的話來(lái)回答，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)太大了，太多樣化了，變化太快了。在我看來(lái)，今天的中國(guó)究其實(shí)質(zhì)，是一個(gè)具有多重性特征的大國(guó)。
|
So after all, how can one define China? I’m afraid it defies a simple answer. China is too big, too diverse and too fast changing to be characterized easily. I would say that China is a multi-faceted power.
|
|
下面請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我具體介紹一下：
|
Let me explain what I mean.
|
|
第一， 中國(guó)是一個(gè)在過(guò)去30年中實(shí)現(xiàn)高速發(fā)展的國(guó)家。
|
First, China is a country that is rapidly transformed over the past 30 years. China’s leapfrogging progress can be seen in the following figures:
|
|
1996年，中國(guó)GDP是1萬(wàn)億元，到2008年則增長(zhǎng)到20萬(wàn)億元，13年的時(shí)間里增長(zhǎng)了20倍，成為世界第三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。2008年，中國(guó)一天創(chuàng)造的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值超過(guò)1952年一年的總量。中國(guó)利用快速增加的財(cái)富使2.5億人在過(guò)去的30年里擺脫了貧困。因此，當(dāng)我看到聯(lián)合國(guó)關(guān)于消除饑餓的報(bào)告時(shí)，不禁為中國(guó)取得的成就而感到自豪，中國(guó)用占世界僅7%的可耕地，養(yǎng)活了占世界20%的人口。
|
In 1996, China’s GDP was 1 trillion Yuan, that was about 100 billion Pounds. In 2008, it grew to20 trillion Yuan (2 trillion Pounds). This means that in 13 years’ time, the Chinese economy has grown 20 times, turning into the 3rd largest economy in the world. The national wealth created in one day in 2008 was larger than the total annual output of 1952. With the newly gained wealth, China has lifted 250 million people out of poverty in the past 30 years. So when I read the UN hunger report, I do feel proud for what China has achieved, with only 7% of the world’s arable land feeding 20% of the world’s population.
|
|
在中國(guó)悠久的歷史中，吃飯問(wèn)題一直是頭等大事。記得一直到８０年代，人們見(jiàn)面打招呼的方式都是問(wèn)：“吃了嗎？”?，F(xiàn)在，如果你問(wèn)我女兒這代人“吃了嗎？”，他們會(huì)覺(jué)得你這人大概有毛病。
|
Throughout China’s long history, food was always a big concern for the Chinese people and I remember that until the 1980s, the Chinese people greeted each other by asking “Have you had your meal?” But for my daughter’s generation, if you greet them in this way, they might think you have a problem.
|
|
當(dāng)然，中國(guó)缺乏在世界舞臺(tái)上操作的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我們?nèi)匀辉趯W(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)自己新的全球角色。而且我們?nèi)匀恍枰獙⒋蟛糠志ν度氲教幚韲?guó)內(nèi)問(wèn)題上。
|
Naturally, China is still learning and adjusting to its new global role, as it lacks historical experience of operating on the global stage and also it is still very much preoccupied by domestic concerns and challenges.
|
|
這引出了我要說(shuō)的第二點(diǎn)：中國(guó)仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。中國(guó)存在的弱點(diǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)我們中國(guó)人自己看得最清楚。
|
That lead to my second point, China is still a developing country. We in China are more conscious of our weaknesses and the challenges facing our country.
|
|
中國(guó)人均GDP剛達(dá)到3000美元多一點(diǎn)，居世界104位，排在牙買(mǎi)加和納米比亞之后。而英國(guó)的人均GDP是中國(guó) 的13倍。各位是否還記得英國(guó)歷史上哪一年處于同樣的收入水平？根據(jù)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家安格斯·麥迪森的測(cè)算，那要追溯到1913年。
|
People tend to forget that China’s GDP in per capita term is only a little more than 3,000 dollars, ranking us as 104th in the world. We are behind countries like Jamaica and Namibia. UK’s per capita GDP is 13 times higher than China. I wonder if you remember when in history the United Kingdom was at this income level? According to British Economist Angus Maddison: It was as far back as 1913.
|
|
中國(guó)仍處在世界產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的低端，中國(guó)產(chǎn)品的很多設(shè)計(jì)和關(guān)鍵部件都依賴(lài)進(jìn)口。中國(guó)也許要出口一個(gè)集裝箱的鞋襪，才能買(mǎi)來(lái)一個(gè)小小的電腦芯片。
|
China’s manufacturing is at a fairly low value added level and most of the made in China products are made with the world as the design and key parts are often imported. We may have to export a container full of shoes and socks to pay for a tiny computer chip.
|
|
中國(guó)發(fā)展不平衡的問(wèn)題也相當(dāng)突出。許多外國(guó)人看到北京和上海，以為那就是中國(guó)，但若去中國(guó)廣大的西部地區(qū)看看，肯定會(huì)得出截然不同的結(jié)論。中國(guó)還處在工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化的早期，65%的人口是農(nóng)民。有1.35億人每天生活費(fèi)不足1美元。我們不能因?yàn)樗〉玫某删投湴磷詽M(mǎn)，這也正是為什么中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人常說(shuō)，要有憂(yōu)患意識(shí)，居安思危。
|
China also faces the serious challenge of uneven development. Many foreigners come to vibrant Beijing or Shanghai and think they have seen China. But for those who have visited China’s far west, will have a different experience and understanding. China is still in the early stage of industrialization and urbanization, with sixty five percent of its people live in the rural areas. You may be surprised to know that one hundred and thirty five million Chinese people live under less than one dollar a day. We can’t be conceited with what we have achieved. This is why Chinese leaders often say that we need to be aware of the difficulties and risks, even when we are enjoying stability and prosperity.
|
|
當(dāng)然，這并不意味著我們會(huì)無(wú)視世界對(duì)中國(guó)承擔(dān)全球責(zé)任日益上升的期待。因此，我想說(shuō)的第三點(diǎn)是，中國(guó)正在學(xué)習(xí)承擔(dān)更大的國(guó)際責(zé)任。
|
That is not to say that China should ignore the growing expectations in the world for China to take on global responsibilities. So my third point is about China learning to undertake new international responsibilities.
|
