| 歇后語(yǔ)名稱的翻譯
??????? 目前，對(duì)“歇后語(yǔ)”一詞的翻譯難以統(tǒng)一。有人翻譯為Chinese enigmatic folk similes，這一譯法的缺點(diǎn)是歇后語(yǔ)中不全是比喻，也有諧音或雙關(guān)式歇后語(yǔ)。有人翻譯為quiz-cracks(隱語(yǔ)或謎語(yǔ))，同樣也不全面。于是有人提議直接翻譯為xiehouyu in Chinese，這倒是有一定的可借鑒性。因?yàn)樾笳Z(yǔ)是中華民族的獨(dú)特文化，正如二胡(erhu)、中國(guó)功夫(Chinese gongfu)等。但是，追根溯源，歇后語(yǔ)最早是文人之間的一種文字游戲，最早叫做“俏皮話”，因此，有人據(jù)此大膽翻譯為Chinese folk wisecracks。
比喻性歇后語(yǔ)的翻譯方法
??????? 直譯法：對(duì)大多數(shù)喻義歇后語(yǔ)，由于比喻部分生動(dòng)形象，喻義部分邏輯推理合乎情理，不包含一詞兩義的雙關(guān)或諧音，通常采用直譯法，既傳達(dá)源語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，又維持源語(yǔ)的形象，便于讀者閱讀和欣賞。例如：
??????? 瞎子點(diǎn)燈——白費(fèi)蠟
?????? ?It is as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.
??????? 黃鼠狼給雞拜年——不懷好意
?????? ?A weasel wishing Happy New Year to a chicken -- harboring no good intention.
??????? 肉包子打狗——有去無回
??????? Chasing a dog by throwing meat dumplings at it -- gone, never to return.
?????? ?竹籃打水——一場(chǎng)空
??????? Like ladling water with a wicker basket -- all is empty (nothing).
?????? ?八仙過?！黠@其能
????? ? (Like) the Eight Immortals crossing the sea -- each showing his or her special prowess. (Each of them shows their true worth.)
????? ? 隔著門縫看人——把人瞧扁了
?????? ?If you peer at a person through a crack -- he looks flat.
????? ? 兔子尾巴長(zhǎng)不了
????? ? The tail of a rabbit -- cannot be long; won't last long.
諧音或雙關(guān)式歇后語(yǔ)的翻譯方法
????? ? 解釋法：解釋法是一種行之有效的翻譯方法，也是揭示源語(yǔ)文化內(nèi)涵的重要途徑，它是指在譯文里保留原來的文化色彩，并加上簡(jiǎn)要的解釋說明以突出其形象性。解釋法可以細(xì)分為解釋性替代和解釋性增補(bǔ)兩種類型。
解釋性替代
??????? 解釋性替代是指當(dāng)詞語(yǔ)在源語(yǔ)和譯語(yǔ)中的內(nèi)涵意義相同，但聯(lián)想意義不同時(shí)，不能按照字面翻譯，而應(yīng)該用解釋性替代的方法翻譯原文。漢語(yǔ)中的成語(yǔ)即諺語(yǔ)翻譯一般用解釋性替代的方法來進(jìn)行翻譯，例如: 揮金如土spend money like water。
解釋性增補(bǔ)
??????? 解釋性增補(bǔ)是指當(dāng)源語(yǔ)中詞語(yǔ)的內(nèi)涵意義在譯語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)詞匯空缺,其聯(lián)想意義也出現(xiàn)空白時(shí),譯者必須保留源語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)形象,而將其深層含義以解釋的形式翻譯出來,揭示出源語(yǔ)的文化特性或文化背景。漢語(yǔ)中特有的歇后語(yǔ)在譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí),可以保留原語(yǔ)形象,再用解釋性增補(bǔ)以表現(xiàn)其喻意。
利用漢語(yǔ)的諧音
??????? 牛角抹油——又尖（奸）又滑（猾）
?????? ?Spreading oil on an ox horn -- to make it sharper and more slippery or cunning and treacherous.
????? ? 李雙雙見到丈夫——有喜旺（希望）
???? ?? Li Shuangshuang sees her husband -- she has Xiwang now; like Li Shuangshuang meeting her husband Xiwang, a homophone for the Chinese word xiwang meaning hope, there is hope now.
利用雙關(guān)語(yǔ)義
????? ? 井底雕花——深刻
????? ? Carving a flower design on the bottom of a well -- carving deeply or get to the essence of something.
???? ?? 搟面杖吹火——一竅不通
?????? ?A rolling pin used as a bellows -- no good at all.
?????? ?王小二過年——一年不如一年
????? ? Wang Xiao'er spending the New Year -- one year is worse than another; like Wang Xiao'er's life, one year is worse than another.
?????? ?飛機(jī)上跳傘——一落千丈
????? ? Bale out from a flying plane -- drop down a thousand zhang or suffer a drastic decline; like jumping from a flying plane, they decline drastically.
利用典故
?????? ?英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中存有大量由歷史典故形成的習(xí)語(yǔ)，如，“東施效顰”、“名落孫山”、“葉公好龍”等等。英語(yǔ)典故習(xí)語(yǔ)多來自《圣經(jīng)》和希臘羅馬神話，如Achilles' heel（唯一致命弱點(diǎn)）、meet one's Waterloo（一敗涂地）、Penelope's web（永遠(yuǎn)完不成的工作）、a Pandora's box（潘多拉之盒，代表災(zāi)難、麻煩、禍害的根源）等。
?????? ?有關(guān)典故的這些習(xí)語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，意義深遠(yuǎn)，往往是不能單從字面意義去理解和翻譯的。在翻譯利用典故的歇后語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果僅僅使用解釋性增補(bǔ)方法是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，我們還應(yīng)該對(duì)譯文加以注釋，從而從文化上和歷史上更準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)漢語(yǔ)歇后語(yǔ)所包含的民族和文化特色。
????? ? 八仙聚會(huì)——又說又笑?
?????? ?A gathering of Eight Immortals -- speaking and laughing; like the Eight Immortals at a gathering, they are talking and laughing merrily.
??????? Note: The Eight Immortals refer to the eight Taoists in a Chinese legend, namely, Han Zhongli, Zhang Guolao, Lü Dongbin, Tieguai Li, Han Xiangzi, Cao Guojiu, Lan Caihe and He Xiangu.
??????? 王羲之寫字——橫豎都好
????? ? A character out of Wang Xizhi's hand -- vertical strokes are as good as horizontal ones; like Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, it is good in every way.
???? ?? Note: Wang Xizhi was a famous Chinese calligrapher and a Chinese character is usually composed of strokes, of which the vertical and horizontal ones are the most commonly used. Hengshu here has two interpretations: 1) the horizontal and vertical strokes; 2) horizontally or vertically, that is, in any way.
?????? ?灶王爺扔石頭——砸鍋
????? ? The Kitchen God throwing stones -- to break the pot or ruin the matter.
???? ???Note: The literal meaning of zaguo is to break a pot but it is usually used to mean ruining the matter.
?????? ?秦叔寶賣馬——窮途末路
????? ? Qin Shubao selling his horse -- the last resort to overcome his difficulty; like Qin Shubao selling his horse, they are driven into a dead end.
?????? ?Note: Qin Qiong, styled Shubao, was a famous general in the Tang Dynasty. Before becoming a general, he was once penniless and had no way out but to sell his own horse.
（來源：catti.net.cn） |
