Changting County: Soil Erosion Treatment

Changting County is located in west Fujian Province and in the southern section of the Wuyi Mountains. Mountains and hilly land occupy about 85 percent of its total area.

Changting had suffered serious soil erosion due to natural disasters, population growth and frequent wars. Barren mountains, murky waters, infertile paddies and poor residents once summed up the county. Soil erosion posed a basic and arduous challenge to local economic and social development.

Changting began to address soil erosion in 1983. It initially curbed soil erosion through planting trees and meadows and closing hillsides to firewood gathering.

When Xi Jinping worked in Fujian Province, he made five fact-finding trips to Changting. He called on the local people to green the barren mountains, and made soil erosion control a provincial project. In December 2011 and January 2012, Xi, then in his capacity as a state leader, issued two more instructions on soil erosion control in Changting. He urged the people to press ahead in the quest for success at this critical moment, otherwise they would fall behind. He also demanded greater support for Changting, and suggested summarizing local experience for application elsewhere. 

Acting on the idea that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, Changting has continued with soil erosion control. The local Party committee plays the leading role, and the local government directs the work, each holding its own responsibility. The county has introduced new management ideas and technologies, and combined engineering, bio-measures, agricultural technologies, ecological restoration and artificial interference. The local people are fully motivated to contract the barren land, and enterprises are also encouraged to participate, thus forming positive synergy.

The Changting model involves pooling the efforts of the local Party committee, government departments, private enterprises, and the residents, to turn barren mountains into oases. In 2018, Changting was removed from the national list of poverty-stricken counties. It is a model of soil and eco-environmental restoration, and an exemplar in China's quest to build an eco-civilization.

福建長(zhǎng)汀縣水土流失治理

長(zhǎng)汀縣，地處福建省西部、武夷山南麓，是閩、粵、贛三省邊陲要沖，土地面積3099平方公里，其中山地面積約占85%，是典型的“八山一水一分田”山區(qū)縣。近代以來(lái)，受到自然災(zāi)害、人口增長(zhǎng)和戰(zhàn)亂頻發(fā)等因素的影響，長(zhǎng)汀縣水土流失問(wèn)題愈發(fā)嚴(yán)峻?！吧焦?、水濁、田瘦、人窮”，曾是當(dāng)?shù)刈匀簧鷳B(tài)惡化、群眾生活貧困的真實(shí)寫(xiě)照。治理水土流失，成為長(zhǎng)汀推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的首要而艱巨的任務(wù)。

1983年，長(zhǎng)汀縣開(kāi)始水土流失規(guī)?；卫怼４撕笫嗄觊g，通過(guò)人工植樹(shù)種草、封山育林等措施，當(dāng)?shù)厮亮魇?shì)頭得到初步控制。21世紀(jì)初，習(xí)近平在福建工作期間，曾先后5次深入長(zhǎng)汀調(diào)研指導(dǎo)，發(fā)出了徹底消滅荒山的動(dòng)員令，長(zhǎng)汀縣水土流失治理被列為福建省為民辦實(shí)事項(xiàng)目，推動(dòng)水土流失治理和生態(tài)建設(shè)邁上規(guī)范、科學(xué)、有效的道路。2011年12月、2012年1月，習(xí)近平連續(xù)兩次對(duì)長(zhǎng)汀縣水土流失治理作出重要批示，指出長(zhǎng)汀縣水土流失治理正處在一個(gè)十分重要的節(jié)點(diǎn)上，進(jìn)則全勝，不進(jìn)則退，應(yīng)進(jìn)一步加大支持力度。要總結(jié)長(zhǎng)汀經(jīng)驗(yàn)，推動(dòng)全國(guó)水土流失治理工作。

按照這一要求，長(zhǎng)汀人民牢固樹(shù)立“綠水青山就是金山銀山”的理念，持續(xù)開(kāi)展水土流失治理。主要做法包括：堅(jiān)持黨委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、政府主導(dǎo)，建立黨政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)掛鉤責(zé)任制。創(chuàng)新治理理念和技術(shù)，實(shí)行工程措施、生物措施和農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)措施有機(jī)結(jié)合，人工治理與生態(tài)修復(fù)有機(jī)結(jié)合。充分發(fā)揮群眾主體作用，培育大戶引導(dǎo)治理、組織農(nóng)民承包治理、引導(dǎo)企業(yè)積極參與治理，形成水土流失治理的強(qiáng)大合力。長(zhǎng)汀人民用成功實(shí)踐總結(jié)出“黨委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、政府主導(dǎo)、群眾主體、社會(huì)參與、多策并舉、以人為本、持之以恒”的水土流失治理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了“荒山—綠洲—生態(tài)家園”的歷史性轉(zhuǎn)變，創(chuàng)造了生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的佳績(jī)，釋放出經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的多重效應(yīng)。2018年，長(zhǎng)汀縣摘帽脫貧。長(zhǎng)汀縣水土流失治理是中國(guó)探索生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的一個(gè)生動(dòng)縮影，為全國(guó)水土保持和生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)提供了樣本與借鑒。