教育扶貧
新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)，黨和國(guó)家十分重視發(fā)展教育事業(yè)，開展普及九年制義務(wù)教育、掃除青壯年文盲、均衡發(fā)展優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源、精準(zhǔn)幫扶貧困家庭子女等一系列教育扶貧措施和行動(dòng)，對(duì)扶貧攻堅(jiān)作出了卓越貢獻(xiàn)。中共十八大以來(lái)，習(xí)近平圍繞“全面建成小康社會(huì)”提出了一系列新思想、新論斷、新要求，對(duì)扶貧工作作出了一系列重要部署，對(duì)教育扶貧提出了明確要求。2015年11月，習(xí)近平在中央扶貧開發(fā)工作會(huì)議上強(qiáng)調(diào)，教育是阻斷貧困代際傳遞的治本之策，貧困地區(qū)教育事業(yè)是管長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的，必須下大力氣抓好，扶貧既要富口袋，也要富腦袋。
根據(jù)《關(guān)于實(shí)施教育扶貧工程的意見》，基礎(chǔ)教育主要解決貧困地區(qū)辦學(xué)條件差、教育基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施薄弱、優(yōu)質(zhì)師資隊(duì)伍欠缺、教育經(jīng)費(fèi)不足等造成的基礎(chǔ)教育辦學(xué)質(zhì)量不達(dá)標(biāo)以及基礎(chǔ)教育普及程度不達(dá)標(biāo)等問(wèn)題；職業(yè)教育要提高促進(jìn)脫貧致富的能力，提高貧困地區(qū)貧困人群的自主發(fā)展能力，發(fā)展貧困地區(qū)區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟(jì)，解決貧困地區(qū)“造血能力”不足等問(wèn)題；高等教育一方面要與貧困地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、產(chǎn)業(yè)、科技發(fā)展相結(jié)合，促進(jìn)貧困地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)，另一方面要通過(guò)“繼續(xù)實(shí)施高校招生傾斜政策”，保障和增加貧困地區(qū)學(xué)生接受高等教育的機(jī)會(huì)。
Poverty Alleviation Through Education
The CPC and the Chinese government attach high importance to education. They have endeavored to promote nine-year compulsory education, eliminate illiteracy among young people, create a balance in the quality of education resources, and provide targeted assistance to children from poor families.
Since 2012, Xi Jinping has put forward a series of new ideas and requirements on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, including poverty alleviation through education. He told the Central Conference on Poverty Alleviation and Development in November 2015 that education is the best way to stop intergenerational transmission of poverty, and education is of far-reaching significance to poor areas and must be developed well. While increasing material wealth, efforts are also needed to enrich people's knowledge.
According to the Guidelines on Poverty Alleviation Through Education, jointly formulated by a number of ministries in 2013, different goals are set for basic, vocational and higher education. Basic education will address such problems as poor school conditions, bad infrastructure, and lack of good teachers and educational funds, so that local education will meet relevant standards and reach eligible children. Vocational education will enhance people's capacity for self-development in order to escape poverty, achieve prosperity, develop the regional economy, and help poor regions find ways to aid themselves. Higher education should play a role in promoting the economic, industrial and technological development of poor areas, and advance the upgrading of their industrial structure. Colleges and universities will also enroll more candidates from poor areas and ensure their access to higher education.
