貧困縣全部摘帽
1986年，中國(guó)政府組建專(zhuān)門(mén)的扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)工作機(jī)構(gòu)，開(kāi)啟了政府主導(dǎo)的開(kāi)發(fā)式扶貧事業(yè)。國(guó)務(wù)院貧困地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組按照嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)識(shí)別出331個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)貧困縣，此后根據(jù)各時(shí)期扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)形勢(shì)的變化，先后三次調(diào)整了國(guó)家扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)工作重點(diǎn)縣名單。2011年，《中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)規(guī)劃綱要（2011-2020年）》頒布實(shí)施，國(guó)務(wù)院扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組公布新一輪國(guó)定扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)工作重點(diǎn)縣和集中連片特困地區(qū)縣，前者592個(gè)，后者680個(gè)，剔除重合部分，兩者合計(jì)832個(gè)縣，構(gòu)成了脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)需要脫貧摘帽的縣。
新時(shí)期脫貧攻堅(jiān)目標(biāo)是到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩個(gè)確?！保创_保農(nóng)村貧困人口實(shí)現(xiàn)脫貧、確保貧困縣全部脫貧摘帽。2016年習(xí)近平在重慶調(diào)研時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)：“脫貧摘帽要堅(jiān)持成熟一個(gè)摘一個(gè)，既防止不思進(jìn)取、等靠要，又防止揠苗助長(zhǎng)、圖虛名?！?016年全國(guó)共有28個(gè)貧困縣提出退出申請(qǐng)，其中江西省井岡山市、河南省蘭考縣率先通過(guò)國(guó)家專(zhuān)項(xiàng)評(píng)估檢查，分別于2017年2月25日、27日由省級(jí)政府批準(zhǔn)退出。2017年首批申請(qǐng)退出的28個(gè)貧困縣脫貧摘帽，既是1986年國(guó)家設(shè)定貧困縣以來(lái)第一次實(shí)現(xiàn)貧困縣數(shù)量?jī)魷p少，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)貧困縣全部摘帽目標(biāo)的良好起步，為今后幾年貧困縣退出樹(shù)立了標(biāo)桿、作出了示范。截至2020年2月底，全國(guó)832個(gè)貧困縣中已有601個(gè)宣布摘帽，179個(gè)正在進(jìn)行退出檢查，還有52個(gè)貧困縣即將摘帽，區(qū)域性整體貧困基本得到解決。
Poverty Relief Policies Continue After Counties Being Removed from Poverty List
After being removed from the poverty list, some once-poor counties have slackened their efforts. Some have abandoned their policies and withdrawn their work teams, some want to take a break, and others tend to shift their focus or change ways of development. Some county Party committee secretaries and county mayors want to transfer to other work posts. Some once-poor people find their incomes have stagnated or are even decreasing.
Seeing these problems, Xi Jinping demands that after being removed from poverty list, the former poor counties must continue to help their remaining poor populations escape poverty and ensure they do not slip back into poverty. Their county Party committee secretaries and county mayors should remain steadfast in their posts, and not shirk their responsibilities, major poverty relief policies will continue, and work teams must not withdraw but continue their assistance. Every effort must be made to prevent people from falling back into poverty, and relevant supervision must continue. He also requires relevant government departments to work out measures for implementing the above instructions.
