因戶施策
脫貧攻堅貴在精準，重在精準。要在精準施策上出實招，在精準推進上下實功，在精準落地上見實效。解決好“扶持誰”的問題，就是確保把真正的貧困人口弄清楚，把貧困程度、致貧原因等搞清楚，找對“窮根”、明確靶向，做到扶真貧、真扶貧，做到因戶施策、因人施策。解決好“誰來扶”的問題，就是堅持中央統(tǒng)籌、省負總責、市縣抓落實的工作機制，強化黨政一把手負總責的責任制，堅持大扶貧格局，健全東西部協(xié)作和黨政機關、部隊、人民團體、國有企業(yè)定點扶貧機制，做到分工明確、責任清晰、任務到人、考核到位。
在地區(qū)差異性的基礎上，習近平進一步指出，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不搞大片區(qū)扶貧了，不是整個西北、整個東北怎么扶的問題，而是在不同區(qū)域里碎片化的情況下怎么抓的問題。扶貧是大政策，大政策還要細化，就像繡花一樣。不同的地方、不同的貧困戶有不同的扶法，新疆南疆是一種扶法，石漠化地區(qū)是一種扶法，太行山是一種扶法，青海三江源是一種扶法，大小涼山又是一種扶法，對民族地區(qū)、游牧地區(qū)、“直過民族”地區(qū)，對語言不通的地方和語言通的地方，對文化背景不同的地方，工作要因地制宜。可以多提供一些脫貧攻堅工作方面的好經(jīng)驗好做法，給大家啟發(fā)。
Targeted Measures for Each Household
"Targeted" is the core nature of all the measures designed for poverty elimination and their implementation. Real efforts are needed in targeted policy-making and in delivering real results in policy implementation.
Regarding the question of "who needs help," accurate information is to be obtained about the poor, their conditions and the root causes of their problems, so that targeted policies can be tailored for different households and individuals in need.
Regarding the question of "who provides help," the working mechanism will continue whereby the central leadership makes overall plans, provincial authorities take overall responsibility, and city and county authorities take charge of implementation. Top Party and government officials at each level are responsible for poverty alleviation under their jurisdiction. All resources will be integrated to build synergy, and the mechanism be improved to enhance the cooperation between the east and the west, with a clear division of labor and responsibilities among Party and government departments, the military, people's organizations, and state-owned enterprises, with specific tasks for their staff assigned to poverty alleviation, and with effective evaluation of their performance.
Speaking of regional differences, Xi Jinping points out that today region-wide poverty alleviation - for instance the whole of northwest or northeast China - is no longer a problem. The focus should shift to segmented zones within the large regions. Poverty alleviation is a general policy, and detailed rules for implementation should be worked out, like doing elaborate embroidery.
Different measures should be applied to different localities and impoverished households. These include southern Xinjiang, stony deserts, the Taihang Mountains, the source region of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers in southern Qinghai, the Greater and Lesser Liangshan Mountains, ethnic minority areas and grasslands, areas inhabited by the ethnic groups that have crossed stages of development to directly enter socialism, areas with different cultural backgrounds, and areas where standard Chinese language is not widely used. Good experience and methods of poverty elimination may be provided to inspire new ideas.
