產業(yè)扶貧

產業(yè)扶貧是一種建立在扶植產業(yè)發(fā)展基礎上的扶貧開發(fā)政策方法，相比一般的產業(yè)化發(fā)展，更加強調對貧困人群的目標瞄準性和特惠性，更加強調貧困家庭從產業(yè)發(fā)展中受益。中國農村減貧發(fā)展長期重視產業(yè)的重要作用，從《國家八七扶貧攻堅計劃（1994-2000年）》，到《中國農村扶貧開發(fā)綱要（2011-2020年）》，再到《中共中央 國務院關于打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)的決定》，均十分重視發(fā)展產業(yè)促進貧困地區(qū)群眾增收的重要性。

打響脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)以來，中共中央制定貧困地區(qū)特色產業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，針對產業(yè)脫貧出臺專項政策：實施貧困村“一村一品”產業(yè)推進行動，扶持建設一批貧困人口參與度高的特色農業(yè)基地；加強貧困地區(qū)農民合作社和龍頭企業(yè)培育，發(fā)揮其對貧困人口的組織和帶動作用，強化其與貧困戶的利益聯(lián)結機制；支持貧困地區(qū)發(fā)展農產品加工業(yè)，加快一二三產業(yè)融合發(fā)展，讓貧困戶更多分享農業(yè)全產業(yè)鏈和價值鏈增值收益；加大對貧困地區(qū)農產品品牌推介營銷支持力度；依托貧困地區(qū)特有的自然人文資源，深入實施鄉(xiāng)村旅游扶貧工程；科學合理有序開發(fā)貧困地區(qū)水電、煤炭、油氣等資源，調整完善資源開發(fā)收益分配政策；探索水電利益共享機制，將從發(fā)電中提取的資金優(yōu)先用于水庫移民和庫區(qū)后續(xù)發(fā)展；引導中央企業(yè)、民營企業(yè)分別設立貧困地區(qū)產業(yè)投資基金，采取市場化運作方式，投入到吸引企業(yè)到貧困地區(qū)從事資源開發(fā)、產業(yè)園區(qū)建設、新型城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展，等等。

Poverty Alleviation Through Creating New Economic Activity

This is a special policy devised to support poor regions. It targets the poor, gives them preferential treatment, and emphasizes the need to focus on local development.

China has relied on this strategy to help the poor increase their incomes and to end poverty in rural areas. This can be seen in a number of documents, including the Seven-year Program for Lifting 80 Million People Out of Poverty (1994-2000), the Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation of China's Rural Areas (2011-2020), and the Decision on Winning the Battle Against Poverty.

To win the battle against poverty, the central leadership has worked out a plan for developing new economic activity in poor areas with a host of supporting policies:

Every poor village is encouraged to develop one special product of its own, and special farming bases are formed to create jobs for the impoverished population;

Local cooperatives involving farmers and leading enterprises are supported to act as the driving force, and strengthen their ties with poor households;

Poor areas receive support in developing food processing, and accelerate the integrated growth of agriculture, industry and the tertiary sector so that poor households will benefit more from the appreciation earnings of complete industrial and value chains;

Marketing and promotion of farm produce from poor areas will be reinforced;

The natural and cultural potential of poor areas will be tapped to develop rural tourism;

Local hydropower, coal, oil, gas and other resources will be developed in a rational and orderly way, and the policy on distributing the returns from resource development will be adjusted;

A hydropower benefit sharing mechanism will be developed, and the profits produced by power generation will be first used for relocating residents from reservoir zones and for future development of these zones; and

State-owned enterprises and private businesses will be guided to set up investment funds for industrial development in poor areas, and use the market to attract more people to join in the development of local resources, industrial parks and new cities and towns in poor areas.