開發(fā)式扶貧
開發(fā)式扶貧，是對傳統(tǒng)的救濟式扶貧的改革和調(diào)整，是中國政府扶貧政策的核心和基礎(chǔ)。實行這個方針，就是以經(jīng)濟建設(shè)為中心，支持和鼓勵貧困地區(qū)的干部、群眾開發(fā)當?shù)刭Y源、發(fā)展商品生產(chǎn)、改善生產(chǎn)條件，增強自我積累、自我發(fā)展的能力。
堅持開發(fā)式扶貧是中國特色反貧困道路的重要特點，強調(diào)把發(fā)展作為解決貧困問題的根本途徑，視貧困群眾為扶貧開發(fā)的重要主體。中國不僅要減少貧困人口數(shù)量，還要提高貧困人口發(fā)展能力，促進貧困人口融入社會；不僅要幫助貧困人口擺脫貧困狀態(tài)，還要降低人們陷入貧困的風(fēng)險。開發(fā)式扶貧通過建構(gòu)有利于農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)條件，引導(dǎo)貧困人口參與其中，不僅在經(jīng)濟意義上使貧困人口擺脫貧困，而且在社會層面使貧困人口遠離貧困。
進入脫貧攻堅階段，中國堅持開發(fā)式扶貧方針不動搖，動員和引導(dǎo)貧困群眾將自己苦干巧干與黨委、政府幫扶相結(jié)合，充分開發(fā)當?shù)刭Y源，逐步形成自我積累、自我發(fā)展能力，最終實現(xiàn)脫貧。隨著貧困人口分布、貧困成因、貧困特征等情況的變化，黨和政府不斷調(diào)整完善扶貧策略和幫扶方式，更加強調(diào)扶貧的精準性。同時，還高度重視激發(fā)貧困群眾的內(nèi)生動力，充分調(diào)動貧困群眾的積極性、主動性、創(chuàng)造性，教育和引導(dǎo)貧困群眾依靠自己的辛勤勞動實現(xiàn)脫貧致富。
Development-Oriented Poverty Alleviation
Development-oriented poverty alleviation is different from the previous approach of providing funds to the poor. It is China's core policy on poverty alleviation. Officials and residents in poor areas are encouraged to exploit local resources, expand commodity production, improve productive conditions, and increase their capacity for endogenous development.
It highlights development as the essential means to end poverty, and regards the poor as the main actors. China aims to reduce the size of poor population, enhance people's relevant skills and integrate them into wider society. In addition to lifting the poor out of poverty, it also works to lower the possibility of their becoming victims of poverty in the first place.
Development-oriented poverty alleviation produces the basic conditions for rural economic development, and guides the poor to enlist in the effort. This will help them escape poverty both economically and socially.
China is following this approach in the last stage of its battle against poverty. The people are being mobilized and encouraged to work hard and apply their own ingenuity in addition to government support. They will fully exploit the local resources, make continual accumulation, and enhance development capacity for final poverty elimination. The CPC and the government will adjust the tactics and forms of assistance for targeted results in response to the changes in the distribution of poor population, and the causes and nature of their poverty. At the same time, efforts shall be made to ignite people's enthusiasm and creativeness, educate and guide them to shake off poverty with their own hard work.
