整合涉農(nóng)資金
在各級(jí)財(cái)政扶貧投入規(guī)模不斷增加的情況下，貧困地區(qū)統(tǒng)籌安排使用扶貧資金卻面臨著一些難題。比如，由于上下權(quán)責(zé)不匹配，貧困縣沒(méi)有項(xiàng)目安排和資金使用自主權(quán)，“基層最知道自己哪兒疼，卻沒(méi)法開(kāi)方抓藥”；又如，由于專(zhuān)款專(zhuān)用的規(guī)定，“打醬油的錢(qián)不能買(mǎi)醋”，一定程度上造成項(xiàng)目和資金“碎片化”使用，制約了精準(zhǔn)扶貧措施的成效。
針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題，《中共中央 國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)的決定》明確提出，“建立健全脫貧攻堅(jiān)多規(guī)劃銜接、多部門(mén)協(xié)調(diào)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，整合目標(biāo)相近、方向類(lèi)同的涉農(nóng)資金。按照權(quán)責(zé)一致原則，支持連片特困地區(qū)縣和國(guó)家扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)工作重點(diǎn)縣圍繞本縣突出問(wèn)題，以扶貧規(guī)劃為引領(lǐng)，以重點(diǎn)扶貧項(xiàng)目為平臺(tái)，把專(zhuān)項(xiàng)扶貧資金、相關(guān)涉農(nóng)資金和社會(huì)幫扶資金捆綁集中使用”。支持貧困縣統(tǒng)籌整合使用財(cái)政涉農(nóng)資金，既是提高財(cái)政資金配置效率、保障脫貧攻堅(jiān)資金需求的關(guān)鍵之舉，也是深化農(nóng)村改革、加快實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的重大探索。
2016年，國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)《關(guān)于支持貧困縣開(kāi)展統(tǒng)籌整合使用財(cái)政涉農(nóng)資金試點(diǎn)的意見(jiàn)》，旨在通過(guò)試點(diǎn)，形成“多個(gè)渠道引水、一個(gè)龍頭放水”的扶貧投入新格局，激發(fā)貧困縣內(nèi)生動(dòng)力，支持貧困縣圍繞突出問(wèn)題，以摘帽銷(xiāo)號(hào)為目標(biāo)，以脫貧成效為導(dǎo)向，以扶貧規(guī)劃為引領(lǐng)，以重點(diǎn)扶貧項(xiàng)目為平臺(tái)，統(tǒng)籌整合使用財(cái)政涉農(nóng)資金，撬動(dòng)金融資本和社會(huì)幫扶資金投入扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)，提高資金使用精準(zhǔn)度和效益，確保如期完成脫貧攻堅(jiān)任務(wù)。
Integrating Government Funds for Rural Development
As they receive more poverty relief funds from the governments, poor areas often find problems in using the money. One problem is a lack of autonomy in arranging projects and using funds. Poor counties know where the money is needed the most, but do not necessarily have the power to use the money for that purpose. Under the rule that a fund can be used for its specified purpose only and cannot be diverted for other purposes, to some extent, projects and funds are "fragmented," and this impacts the results of targeted poverty alleviation measures.
To address these problems, the Decision on Winning the Battle Against Poverty proposed a long-term mechanism for docking different plans for poverty elimination, coordinating government departments, and integrating funds with similar purposes in agricultural development. In line with the principle of balance between power and responsibility, counties in contiguous areas of extreme poverty and key counties eligible for state assistance will focus on their own most prominent problems, follow poverty alleviation plans, and coordinate the application of special funds allocated for poverty relief, funds for agricultural development, and social assistance funds on key projects. This will enhance the efficiency of fund utilization to meet urgent capital needs. It will also drive rural reform to a deeper level and accelerate agricultural modernization.
The State Council issued in 2016 a document allowing some pilot priority counties to combine government funds for rural development. These trials are expected to create a new scheme of poverty relief inputs, by "diverting water from multiple sources and drawing it off through a single tap," so as to increase the internal impetus of poor counties, enhance the efficiency of various funds in developing key projects, and divert more capital and social assistance resources into poverty elimination.
