Fundamental transformation of economic system and economic growth model

The economic system and the economic growth model are the two factors that determine the trajectory of a country’s economic development. Choosing and reforming them are issues of importance to economic decision-makers. The economic system concerns the relations of production, and the economic growth model concerns the productive forces. These two pairs are interdependent, interacting and mutually reinforcing. They have different alignments under different conditions, and a certain economic system accords with a certain model of economic growth.

At the Fifth Plenary Session of its 14th Central Committee, the CPC stated that the key to realizing the Ninth Five-year Plan and the Long-range Objectives Through the Year 2010 would lie in two fundamental transformations of fundamental importance: the transformation from a planned economy to a socialist market economy, and the transformation from an extensive to an intensive model of economic growth. These two transformations would promote sustainable, rapid and sound economic growth and social progress.

The first transformation was a reform strategy for institutional change; in essence it meant to reform the relations of production. The second transformation was a development strategy for growth change that implied transferring the productive forces to a different track. Simultaneously advancing these two transformations and making reform and development complementary were vital to China’s strategic goals.

The two transformations were proposed based on a summary of China’s experience and achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, especially during its Eighth Five-year Plan period (1991-1995). They constituted an underlying principle of the Party stemming from in-depth analysis and understanding of the laws of China’s economic development. They were also two urgent strategic economic tasks and indicators of deeper institutional reform and the pursuit of higher quality.

實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)根本性轉(zhuǎn)變

決定一個(gè)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展軌跡的，一是經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，二是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式。前者的選擇和改革與后者的選擇和更新，是經(jīng)濟(jì)工作始終關(guān)注和決策的重要內(nèi)容。經(jīng)濟(jì)體制與生產(chǎn)關(guān)系相聯(lián)系，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式與生產(chǎn)力相聯(lián)系，兩者之間相互依存、相互制約、相互促進(jìn)，在不同條件下有不同的組合形態(tài)，一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制又與一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式相對(duì)應(yīng)。

1995年黨的十四屆五中全會(huì)提出，實(shí)現(xiàn)“九五”計(jì)劃和2010年遠(yuǎn)景目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵是實(shí)行兩個(gè)具有全局意義的根本性轉(zhuǎn)變：一是經(jīng)濟(jì)體制從傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制向社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)變，二是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式從粗放型向集約型轉(zhuǎn)變，目的是促進(jìn)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速健康發(fā)展和社會(huì)全面進(jìn)步。第一個(gè)根本性轉(zhuǎn)變是指生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的改革，是改革戰(zhàn)略，可以叫作“體制轉(zhuǎn)軌”；第二個(gè)根本性轉(zhuǎn)變是指生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展途徑的調(diào)整，是發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，也可以叫作“增長轉(zhuǎn)型”?！绑w制轉(zhuǎn)軌”與“增長轉(zhuǎn)型”同步推進(jìn)，改革與發(fā)展相輔相成，是實(shí)現(xiàn)新時(shí)期偉大戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵所在。

實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩個(gè)根本性轉(zhuǎn)變”目標(biāo)，是對(duì)中國改革開放以來特別是“八五”時(shí)期改革開放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)所取得的偉大成就及成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)的歷史總結(jié)，是黨在深入探索和全面把握中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上提出的重要方針，是關(guān)系國民經(jīng)濟(jì)全局的緊迫而重大的戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)，標(biāo)志著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)將朝著深化體制改革、提高質(zhì)量的方向發(fā)展。