中國(guó)與世界貿(mào)易組織

（2018年6月）

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室

China and the World Trade Organization 

The State Council Information Office of 

the People's Republic of China 

June 2018

目錄

Contents

前言

Foreword

一、中國(guó)切實(shí)履行加入世貿(mào)組織承諾

I. China Has Faithfully Fulfilled Its WTO Accession Commitments

二、中國(guó)堅(jiān)定支持多邊貿(mào)易體制

II. China Firmly Supports the Multilateral Trading System

三、中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織后對(duì)世界作出重要貢獻(xiàn)

III. China's Significant Contribution to the World After Accession to the WTO

四、中國(guó)積極推動(dòng)更高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放

IV. China Is Actively Advancing Opening-Up to a Higher Level

結(jié)束語(yǔ)

Conclusion

前言

Foreword

1978年，中國(guó)開(kāi)啟了改革開(kāi)放的歷史進(jìn)程。改革開(kāi)放是中國(guó)人民用雙手書(shū)寫的國(guó)家和民族發(fā)展的壯麗史詩(shī)，是中國(guó)和世界共同發(fā)展進(jìn)步的偉大歷程，不僅深刻改變了中國(guó)，也深刻影響了世界。40年來(lái)，中國(guó)堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開(kāi)放基本國(guó)策，打開(kāi)國(guó)門搞建設(shè)，逐步形成了全方位多層次寬領(lǐng)域的對(duì)外開(kāi)放格局，極大促進(jìn)了中國(guó)與外部世界的交流交融，為人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。

In 1978, China started the historic process of reform and opening-up. This is a glorious chapter in the development epic of the country and the nation composed by the Chinese people, recording the great journey of common progress of China and the rest of the world. It has not only profoundly changed the country, but also greatly influenced the whole world. Over the past 40 years, China has been adhering to the fundamental national policy of reform and opening-up and pursuing development with its door wide open. A model of all-round, multi-level, and wide-ranging opening-up has gradually taken shape. China is closely connected with the outside world and has made a significant contribution to the noble cause of global peace and development.

2001年中國(guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織，是中國(guó)深度參與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的里程碑，標(biāo)志著中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放進(jìn)入歷史新階段。加入世貿(mào)組織以來(lái)，中國(guó)積極踐行自由貿(mào)易理念，全面履行加入承諾，大幅開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)更廣互利共贏，在對(duì)外開(kāi)放中展現(xiàn)了大國(guó)擔(dān)當(dāng)。

In 2001, China acceded to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This was a milestone in China's integration into economic globalization, marking a new historic stage of reform and opening-up. Since its accession to the WTO, China has been a strong advocate for free trade. China has comprehensively fulfilled its commitments to the WTO, substantially opened its market to the world, and delivered mutually beneficial and win-win outcomes on a wider scale. Through these efforts, China has lived up to its responsibility as a major country.

以世貿(mào)組織為核心的多邊貿(mào)易體制是國(guó)際貿(mào)易的基石，是全球貿(mào)易健康有序發(fā)展的支柱。中國(guó)堅(jiān)定遵守和維護(hù)世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則，支持開(kāi)放、透明、包容、非歧視的多邊貿(mào)易體制，全面參與世貿(mào)組織工作，為共同完善全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理發(fā)出中國(guó)聲音、提出中國(guó)方案，是多邊貿(mào)易體制的積極參與者、堅(jiān)定維護(hù)者和重要貢獻(xiàn)者。

The multilateral trading system, with the WTO at its core, is the cornerstone of international trade and underpins the sound and orderly development of global trade. China firmly observes and upholds the WTO rules, and supports the multilateral trading system that is open, transparent, inclusive and non-discriminatory. China has participated in all aspects of WTO work, made its voice heard and contributed its own proposals on improving global economic governance. China is an active participant, strong supporter and major contributor in the multilateral trading system. 

中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織既發(fā)展了自己，也造福了世界。中國(guó)積極踐行新發(fā)展理念，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展由高速度向高質(zhì)量邁進(jìn)，成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的主要穩(wěn)定器和動(dòng)力源。中國(guó)奉行互利共贏的開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略，積極推動(dòng)共建“一帶一路”，在開(kāi)放中分享機(jī)會(huì)和利益，在實(shí)現(xiàn)自身發(fā)展的同時(shí)惠及其他國(guó)家和人民，增進(jìn)了全球福祉，促進(jìn)了共同繁榮。

Accession to the WTO has boosted China's development and benefited the rest of the world. Propelled by a new vision of development, the Chinese economy is transitioning from rapid growth to high-quality development. China has become a major stabilizer and driving force for the world economy. China stays committed to the strategy of opening-up for win-win results, vigorously promotes the Belt and Road Initiative, and shares opportunities and benefits with other countries and their people while developing China itself, enhancing global wellbeing and common prosperity.

站在新時(shí)代的歷史起點(diǎn)上，中國(guó)開(kāi)放的大門不會(huì)關(guān)閉，只會(huì)越開(kāi)越大。中國(guó)過(guò)去40年的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是在開(kāi)放條件下取得的，未來(lái)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展也將在更加開(kāi)放條件下進(jìn)行。中國(guó)將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開(kāi)放基本國(guó)策，以更加積極的姿態(tài)融入經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化進(jìn)程，實(shí)行高水平的貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化政策，與各國(guó)構(gòu)建利益高度融合、彼此相互依存的命運(yùn)共同體。

At the historic starting point of a new era, China's door of opening-up will not be closed and will only open even wider. Opening-up was key to China's economic growth over the past 40 years. In the same vein, high-quality development of China's economy in the future can only be achieved with greater openness. China will continue adhering to the fundamental national policy of reform and opening-up. China will more proactively embrace economic globalization, adopt policies to promote high-standard liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, and work together with other countries to build a community of shared future with extensive converging interests and a high degree of interdependence. 

為全面介紹中國(guó)履行加入世貿(mào)組織承諾的實(shí)踐，闡釋中國(guó)參與多邊貿(mào)易體制建設(shè)的原則立場(chǎng)和政策主張，闡明中國(guó)推進(jìn)更高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放的愿景與行動(dòng)，中國(guó)政府特發(fā)表本白皮書(shū)。

The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to give a full account of China's fulfillment of its WTO commitments, to explain China's principles, stances, policies, and propositions regarding the multilateral trading system, and to describe China's vision and actions in advancing higher-level reform and opening-up.

一、中國(guó)切實(shí)履行加入世貿(mào)組織承諾

I. China Has Faithfully Fulfilled Its WTO Accession Commitments

2001年中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織①以來(lái)，不斷完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，全面加強(qiáng)同多邊貿(mào)易規(guī)則的對(duì)接，切實(shí)履行貨物和服務(wù)開(kāi)放承諾，強(qiáng)化知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，對(duì)外開(kāi)放政策的穩(wěn)定性、透明度、可預(yù)見(jiàn)性顯著提高，為多邊貿(mào)易體制有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)作出了積極貢獻(xiàn)。

Since China acceded to the World Trade Organization① in 2001, it has made continued efforts to improve its socialist market economy system, further align its policies with multilateral trade rules in all areas, honor its commitments on opening trade in goods and services, and strengthen intellectual property rights (IPR) protection. Remarkable improvements have been made in enhancing the stability, transparency, and predictability of its opening-up policies. China has contributed significantly to the effective operation of the multilateral trading system.

（一）完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和法律體系

1. Improving the socialist market economy and relevant legal system

始終堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)改革方向。加快完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，健全市場(chǎng)體系，理順政府和市場(chǎng)關(guān)系，使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用，更好發(fā)揮政府作用。廣泛開(kāi)展世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則宣傳教育，市場(chǎng)意識(shí)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)、規(guī)則意識(shí)、法治觀念深入人心。

Consistently reforming to develop the socialist market economy. China has accelerated efforts to improve the socialist market economy system and strengthen the market system. This has involved reorganizing the relationship between the government and the market, letting the market play the decisive role in resource allocation and the government play its role better. Education campaigns on WTO rules have been extensively rolled out, raising public awareness of the market, competition, rules and the concept of rule of law.

不斷健全社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)法律體系。堅(jiān)持依法治國(guó)，全面遵守和執(zhí)行世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則，完善基于規(guī)則的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)法律法規(guī)，構(gòu)建符合多邊貿(mào)易規(guī)則的法律體系。加入世貿(mào)組織后，大規(guī)模開(kāi)展法律法規(guī)清理修訂工作，中央政府清理法律法規(guī)和部門規(guī)章2300多件，地方政府清理地方性政策法規(guī)19萬(wàn)多件，覆蓋貿(mào)易、投資和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)等各個(gè)方面。2014年，制訂進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)貿(mào)易政策合規(guī)工作的政策文件，要求各級(jí)政府在擬定貿(mào)易政策的過(guò)程中，對(duì)照世貿(mào)組織協(xié)定及中國(guó)加入承諾進(jìn)行合規(guī)性評(píng)估。2016年，建立規(guī)范性文件合法性審查機(jī)制，進(jìn)一步清理規(guī)范性文件，增強(qiáng)公共政策制定透明度和公眾參與度。

Continuously improving the legal system of socialist market economy. Upholding the rule of law, China has faithfully observed and implemented WTO rules, improved its laws and regulations on market economy, and built up a legal system in line with multilateral trade rules. After its accession, China launched major efforts to review and revise relevant laws and regulations, involving 2,300 laws, regulations and departmental rules at central government level, and 190,000 policies and regulations at sub-central government levels, covering trade, investment, IPR protection, etc. In 2014, China issued an official document on furthering trade policy compliance with WTO rules, requiring government at all levels to assess proposed trade policies in accordance with WTO agreements and China's commitments. In 2016, China set up a legality review mechanism to examine normative documents, enhancing the transparency of and public participation in policy development.

（二）履行貨物貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域開(kāi)放承諾

2. Fulfilling commitments on trade in goods

大幅降低進(jìn)口關(guān)稅。減少進(jìn)口成本，促進(jìn)貿(mào)易發(fā)展，讓世界各國(guó)更多分享中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、消費(fèi)繁榮帶來(lái)的紅利。截至2010年，中國(guó)貨物降稅承諾全部履行完畢，關(guān)稅總水平由2001年的15.3%降至9.8%。其中，工業(yè)品平均稅率由14.8%降至8.9%；農(nóng)產(chǎn)品平均稅率由23.2%降至15.2%，約為世界農(nóng)產(chǎn)品平均關(guān)稅水平的四分之一，遠(yuǎn)低于發(fā)展中成員56%和發(fā)達(dá)成員39%的平均關(guān)稅水平。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的最高約束關(guān)稅為65%，而美國(guó)、歐盟、日本分別為440%、408%、1706%。

Substantively reducing import tariffs. By reducing import costs to boost trade, China has shared its development dividend and growing markets with the rest of the world. By 2010, China had fulfilled all of its tariff reduction commitments, reducing the average tariff level from 15.3 percent in 2001 to 9.8 percent. It lowered the average tariff rate of manufactured goods from 14.8 to 8.9 percent. It cut the average tariff rate of agricultural products from 23.2 to 15.2 percent, about one fourth of the global average and far lower than those imposed by the WTO's developing members (56 percent) and developed members (39 percent). China's maximum bound tariff rate of agricultural products is 65 percent, while the corresponding rates of the United States, the European Union and Japan are 440, 408 and 1,706 percent respectively.

顯著削減非關(guān)稅壁壘。減少不必要的貿(mào)易限制，促進(jìn)貿(mào)易透明暢通。截至2005年1月，中國(guó)已按加入承諾全部取消了進(jìn)口配額、進(jìn)口許可證和特定招標(biāo)等非關(guān)稅措施，涉及汽車、機(jī)電產(chǎn)品、天然橡膠等424個(gè)稅號(hào)產(chǎn)品；對(duì)小麥、玉米、大米、食糖、棉花、羊毛、毛條和化肥等關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的大宗商品實(shí)行關(guān)稅配額管理。

Significantly lowering non-tariff barriers. To increase transparency and facilitate trade, China has reduced unnecessary trade restrictions. By January 2005, in accordance with its commitments, China had eliminated import quotas, import licenses, specific import tendering requirements and other non-tariff measures with regard to 424 items such as automobiles, machinery and electronics products, and natural rubber. It introduced tariff rate quota administration for important bulk commodities, i.e. wheat, corn, rice, sugar, cotton, wool, wool top, and chemical fertilizers.

全面放開(kāi)外貿(mào)經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)。促進(jìn)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體多元化，激發(fā)各類企業(yè)開(kāi)展貿(mào)易的積極性。自2004年7月起，中國(guó)對(duì)企業(yè)的外貿(mào)經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)由審批制改為備案登記制，極大地釋放了民營(yíng)企業(yè)的外貿(mào)活力，民營(yíng)企業(yè)進(jìn)出口發(fā)展迅速，份額持續(xù)擴(kuò)大，成為對(duì)外貿(mào)易的重要經(jīng)營(yíng)主體。民營(yíng)企業(yè)和外商投資企業(yè)進(jìn)出口占全國(guó)進(jìn)出口總額的比重由2001年的57.5%上升到2017年的83.7%。2017年，作為第一大出口經(jīng)營(yíng)主體的民營(yíng)企業(yè)出口占比達(dá)46.6%。

Liberalizing the right to trade. To diversify entities and stimulate their enthusiasm to engage in foreign trade, in July 2004 China replaced approval system with registration system for foreign trade authorization, releasing immense vigor of private businesses which has led to a surge of foreign trade in the private sector. With rapid growth and an increasing share of the market, private companies have become important actors in China's foreign trade. In 2017, foreign trade by private companies and foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) accounted for 83.7 percent of the country's total trade volume, up from 57.5 percent in 2001. In 2017, Chinese private companies, which take the largest share of China's exports, contributed 46.6 percent of all goods and services exported.

（三）履行服務(wù)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域開(kāi)放承諾

3. Fulfilling commitments on trade in services

廣泛開(kāi)放服務(wù)市場(chǎng)。大力推動(dòng)服務(wù)業(yè)各領(lǐng)域快速發(fā)展，提高服務(wù)業(yè)對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)。在世貿(mào)組織分類的12大類服務(wù)部門的160個(gè)分部門中，中國(guó)承諾開(kāi)放9大類的100個(gè)分部門，接近發(fā)達(dá)成員平均承諾開(kāi)放108個(gè)分部門的水平。截至2007年，中國(guó)服務(wù)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域開(kāi)放承諾已全部履行完畢。

Extensively opening up the services market. China has striven to boost the services industry and increase its share of contribution to the economy. Of the 160 services sub-sectors under the 12-sector WTO classification, China committed to opening up 100 sub-sectors under 9 sectors, a level approximate to the average 108 sub-sectors committed by the developed members of the WTO. By 2007, China had honored all of its commitments on trade in services.

持續(xù)減少限制措施。逐步降低服務(wù)領(lǐng)域外資準(zhǔn)入門檻，按期取消服務(wù)領(lǐng)域的地域和數(shù)量限制，不斷擴(kuò)大允許外資從事服務(wù)領(lǐng)域的業(yè)務(wù)范圍。其中，在快遞、銀行、財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)等54個(gè)服務(wù)分部門允許設(shè)立外商獨(dú)資企業(yè)，在計(jì)算機(jī)、環(huán)境等23個(gè)分部門允許外資控股，在電信、鐵路運(yùn)輸、旅游等80個(gè)分部門給予外資國(guó)民待遇。2010年，中國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)吸引外商直接投資額首次超過(guò)制造業(yè)，2017年吸引外商直接投資額占比達(dá)到73%。

Continuously reducing restrictions. China has step by step lowered the threshold for foreign investment to enter the services sectors in China, lifted geographical and quantitative restrictions on services according to schedule, and constantly broadened the business scope for foreign investment in the services sectors. China has permitted wholly foreign-owned enterprises in 54 sub-sectors such as courier, banking and property insurance services, allowed foreign majority ownership in 23 sub-sectors such as computer and environment services, and accorded national treatment to foreign capital in 80 sub-sectors such as telecommunication, rail transport, and tourism services. In 2010, foreign direct investment (FDI) flowing into China's services industry surpassed that into manufacturing industry for the first time. In 2017, FDI in the services industry made up 73 percent of all FDI in China.

（四）履行知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)承諾

4. Fulfilling commitments on IPR protection

加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)是中國(guó)的主動(dòng)作為。加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)是完善產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度最重要的內(nèi)容，也是提高中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力最大的激勵(lì)。中國(guó)推進(jìn)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，不僅符合自身發(fā)展需要，也有助于進(jìn)一步完善法治化、國(guó)際化、便利化的營(yíng)商環(huán)境。中國(guó)鼓勵(lì)中外企業(yè)開(kāi)展正常技術(shù)交流合作，依法保護(hù)在華外資企業(yè)合法知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，同時(shí)，希望外國(guó)政府加強(qiáng)對(duì)中國(guó)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)。

Strengthening IPR protection on China's own initiative. Strengthening IPR protection is the centerpiece for improving the property rights protection system, and it would provide the biggest boost to the competitiveness of the Chinese economy. It not only serves China's own development needs, but also helps cultivate a business environment that is law-based, internationalized and business-friendly. China encourages technological exchanges and cooperation between Chinese and foreign enterprises, and protects the lawful IPR owned by foreign enterprises in China. At the same time, we hope foreign governments will also improve protection of Chinese IPR.

構(gòu)建完備的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)法律體系。加入世貿(mào)組織后，中國(guó)建立健全知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律法規(guī)，與多個(gè)國(guó)家建立知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)工作機(jī)制，積極吸收借鑒國(guó)際先進(jìn)立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)，構(gòu)建起符合世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則和中國(guó)國(guó)情的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律體系。近年來(lái)，修訂《商標(biāo)法》，增加了懲罰性賠償制度；修訂《反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》，進(jìn)一步完善了商業(yè)秘密的保護(hù)，同時(shí)明確市場(chǎng)混淆行為，引入標(biāo)識(shí)的概念，拓寬對(duì)標(biāo)識(shí)的保護(hù)范圍。目前，正在加快推進(jìn)《專利法》《著作權(quán)法》等法律修訂。

Building a full-fledged legal system on IPR protection. Since acceding to the WTO, China has formulated and improved its laws and regulations on IPR protection, set up IPR working mechanisms with many countries, drawn upon advanced international legislative practices, and built an IPR legal system that conforms to WTO rules and suits national conditions of China. The amended Trademark Law sets up a system of punitive damages. The amended Anti-Unfair Competition Law improves the protection of trade secrets, identifies act of confusion, introduces the concept of sign and expands the scope of protection for sign. Currently China is working on amending the Patent Law and the Copyright Law.

持續(xù)加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)執(zhí)法力度。強(qiáng)化知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)司法主導(dǎo)作用，把違法成本顯著提上去，把法律威懾作用充分發(fā)揮出來(lái)。重新組建國(guó)家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局，完善執(zhí)法力量，加大執(zhí)法力度。在北京、上海、廣州設(shè)立三家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法院，在南京、蘇州、武漢、西安等15個(gè)中級(jí)法院內(nèi)設(shè)立專門審判機(jī)構(gòu)，跨區(qū)域管轄專利等知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)案件。加大行政執(zhí)法力度，針對(duì)重點(diǎn)違法領(lǐng)域，開(kāi)展專利“護(hù)航”行動(dòng)、打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵權(quán)盜版“劍網(wǎng)”行動(dòng)、出版物版權(quán)“掃黃打非”和“秋風(fēng)”行動(dòng)、打擊侵權(quán)假冒的“網(wǎng)劍行動(dòng)”“質(zhì)檢利劍”打假行動(dòng)等專項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，有效保護(hù)了知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。

Continuously strengthening law enforcement on IPR protection. China has enhanced the dominant role of the judiciary in IPR protection to significantly raise the cost for offenders and fully unlock the deterrent effect of relevant laws. The State Intellectual Property Office has been restructured to strengthen law enforcement. China has set up three IPR courts in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, and special judicial organs at 15 intermediate courts in Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuhan, Xi'an and other cities to handle cross-regional IPR cases, including those related to patents. China strengthened administrative law enforcement on intellectual property protection and launched special campaigns targeting outstanding problems, which effectively protected intellectual property rights. Such campaigns include "Convoy Campaign" for protecting patent rights, the "Sword-net Campaign" for combating online infringement and piracy, the "Sweeping Campaign" for cracking down pornography and illegal publication in the copyright field, the "Network Sword Campaign" for combating IPR infringements and counterfeits and the "Sword Actions on Quality Control" for cracking down counterfeits.

知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)效果明顯。從2001年起，中國(guó)對(duì)外支付知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)費(fèi)年均增長(zhǎng)17%，2017年達(dá)到286億美元。2017年，中國(guó)發(fā)明專利申請(qǐng)量達(dá)到138.2萬(wàn)件，連續(xù)7年居世界首位，申請(qǐng)者中近10%為外國(guó)單位和個(gè)人；國(guó)外來(lái)華發(fā)明專利申請(qǐng)量達(dá)到13.6萬(wàn)件，較2001年3.3萬(wàn)件的申請(qǐng)量增長(zhǎng)了3倍。世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織日前公布，2017年，中國(guó)通過(guò)《專利合作條約》途徑提交的專利申請(qǐng)受理量達(dá)5.1萬(wàn)件，僅次于美國(guó)，居全球第二位。

Attaining notable results in IPR protection. Since 2001, intellectual property royalties paid by China to foreign right holders has registered an annual growth of 17 percent, reaching USD28.6 billion in 2017. In 2017, China received 1.382 million invention patent applications, ranking the first in the world for the seventh consecutive year. Nearly 10 percent of the applicants were foreign entities and individuals. Invention patent applications filed by foreign entities and individuals in China reached 136,000, growing by threefold compared with 33,000 in 2001. According to the World Intellectual Property Organization, 51,000 patent applications filed from China through the Patent Cooperation Treaty were accepted in 2017, second only to the US.

（五）履行透明度義務(wù)

5. Fulfilling commitments on transparency

明確提供法律制度保障?！读⒎ǚā贰缎姓ㄒ?guī)制定程序條例》《規(guī)章制定程序條例》明確要求法律、行政法規(guī)和規(guī)章草案須按有關(guān)規(guī)定公開(kāi)征求公眾意見(jiàn)。全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)法工委定期出版《中華人民共和國(guó)法律》（英文版）。國(guó)務(wù)院法制機(jī)構(gòu)定期出版《中華人民共和國(guó)涉外法規(guī)匯編》（中英文對(duì)照），商務(wù)部在《中國(guó)對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易文告》中定期發(fā)布貿(mào)易政策。

Providing a solid legal basis. The Legislation Law, the Regulations on Procedures for Formulation of Administrative Regulations, and the Regulations on Procedures for Formulation of Rules explicitly provide for the solicitation of public comments on draft laws, administrative regulations and rules. The legislative affairs commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress regularly publishes the Laws of the People's Republic of China (English edition); the State Council's legislative affairs organ regularly publishes the Laws and Regulations of the People's Republic of China Governing Foreign-Related Matters (Chinese and English bilingual edition); and the Ministry of Commerce regularly publishes trade policies in China Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Gazette.

全面履行世貿(mào)組織通報(bào)義務(wù)。中國(guó)按照要求定期向世貿(mào)組織通報(bào)國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)法律、法規(guī)和具體措施的修訂調(diào)整和實(shí)施情況。截至2018年1月，中國(guó)提交的通報(bào)已達(dá)上千份，涉及中央和地方補(bǔ)貼政策、農(nóng)業(yè)、技術(shù)法規(guī)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、合格評(píng)定程序、國(guó)營(yíng)貿(mào)易、服務(wù)貿(mào)易、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律法規(guī)等諸多領(lǐng)域。

Comprehensively implementing the WTO notification obligations. China has submitted notifications to the WTO on a regular basis concerning the amendment, revision and implementation of relevant laws, regulations and measures as required by the WTO. By January 2018, China had submitted over one thousand notifications covering areas such as central and sub-central subsidy policies, agriculture, technical regulations, standards, conformity assessment procedures, state trading, trade in services, and IPR laws and regulations.

（六）為履行承諾付出巨大努力

6. Making tremendous efforts to honor its commitments

中國(guó)在加入世貿(mào)組織時(shí)作出廣泛而深入的開(kāi)放承諾，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)直接面對(duì)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，多數(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨較大困難。中國(guó)企業(yè)主動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，大力推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，積極參與全球價(jià)值鏈，國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力明顯提升。

China made extensive and profound commitments on opening up when entering the WTO. Domestic companies were confronted with international competition, and most industries faced great difficulties. Rising up to these challenges, Chinese companies took the initiative to promote structural readjustment, participated in the global value chains and significantly increased their international competitiveness.

二、中國(guó)堅(jiān)定支持多邊貿(mào)易體制

II. China Firmly Supports the Multilateral Trading System

以世貿(mào)組織為核心的多邊貿(mào)易體制是國(guó)際貿(mào)易的基石，為推動(dòng)全球貿(mào)易發(fā)展、建設(shè)開(kāi)放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)揮了中流砥柱作用。加入世貿(mào)組織以來(lái)，中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)定支持多邊貿(mào)易體制，全面參與世貿(mào)組織各項(xiàng)工作，推動(dòng)世貿(mào)組織更加重視發(fā)展中成員的關(guān)切，反對(duì)單邊主義和保護(hù)主義，維護(hù)多邊貿(mào)易體制的權(quán)威性和有效性，與各成員共同推動(dòng)世貿(mào)組織在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮更大作用。

The multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core is the cornerstone of international trade, and has been playing a pivotal role in promoting global trade and building an open world economy. Since its accession to the WTO, China has firmly supported the multilateral trading system, participated in all aspects of WTO work. It called upon the WTO to focus more on the concerns of developing members, opposed unilateralism and protectionism, upheld the authority and efficacy of the multilateral trading system, and made concerted efforts with other members in supporting the WTO to play a greater role in economic globalization.

（一）積極推進(jìn)貿(mào)易投資自由化便利化

1. Liberalizing and facilitating trade and investment 

2. 
   

全面參與多哈回合各項(xiàng)議題談判。中國(guó)提出和聯(lián)署談判建議百份以上，推動(dòng)貿(mào)易便利化、農(nóng)業(yè)出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等多項(xiàng)議題達(dá)成協(xié)議，推動(dòng)多邊貿(mào)易體制不斷完善。2015年，中國(guó)成為接受《貿(mào)易便利化協(xié)定》議定書(shū)的第16個(gè)世貿(mào)組織成員。2016年中國(guó)擔(dān)任二十國(guó)集團(tuán)主席國(guó)期間，推動(dòng)多國(guó)完成《貿(mào)易便利化協(xié)定》的國(guó)內(nèi)批準(zhǔn)程序，為協(xié)定早日生效作出了積極貢獻(xiàn)。

Participating fully in the Doha Round negotiations. China has submitted or co-sponsored more than 100 negotiation proposals, helped secure agreement on trade facilitation and export competition in agricultural products, and promoted the continuous improvement of the multilateral trading system. In 2015, China became the 16th WTO member to ratify the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA). During its G20 presidency in 2016, China encouraged a number of countries to complete their domestic ratification procedures of the TFA, prompting the agreement's entry into effect at an early date.

積極推動(dòng)諸邊貿(mào)易自由化進(jìn)程。作為發(fā)展中成員，中國(guó)積極參與諸邊自由化倡議，并為談判作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)在加入世貿(mào)組織時(shí)參加了《信息技術(shù)協(xié)定》，在此基礎(chǔ)上深入?yún)⑴c該協(xié)定擴(kuò)圍談判，推動(dòng)各方就取消201項(xiàng)信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的關(guān)稅達(dá)成協(xié)議。中國(guó)是《環(huán)境產(chǎn)品協(xié)定》談判的發(fā)起方之一，始終以積極建設(shè)性態(tài)度參與磋商，在二十國(guó)集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人杭州峰會(huì)期間推動(dòng)談判達(dá)成重要共識(shí)。中國(guó)于2007年啟動(dòng)加入《政府采購(gòu)協(xié)定》談判，為加入該協(xié)定作出了積極努力。

Promoting plurilateral trade liberalization. As a developing country, China has actively participated in plurilateral liberalization initiatives and made important contributions to relevant talks. It accepted the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) upon accession, subsequently participated in the negotiations to expand its coverage, and encouraged relevant parties to reach agreement on eliminating tariffs of 201 information technology products. As one of the initiators of the negotiations on the Environment Goods Agreement, China always participated in relevant discussions in a constructive manner, and contributed to the important consensus reached at the G20 Summit in Hangzhou. In 2007, China started the negotiation on its accession to the Agreement on Government Procurement and has been making great efforts ever since. 

有力促進(jìn)世貿(mào)組織新議題討論。中國(guó)推動(dòng)世貿(mào)組織積極回應(yīng)投資便利化、中小微企業(yè)、電子商務(wù)等世貿(mào)組織成員普遍關(guān)注的新議題并開(kāi)展相關(guān)討論。發(fā)起成立“投資便利化之友”，引導(dǎo)70多個(gè)成員達(dá)成《關(guān)于投資便利化的部長(zhǎng)聯(lián)合聲明》。加入“中小微企業(yè)之友”，推介中國(guó)在世貿(mào)組織相關(guān)提案中關(guān)于支持中小微企業(yè)的內(nèi)容。加入“電子商務(wù)發(fā)展之友”，積極推動(dòng)世貿(mào)組織電子商務(wù)議題多邊討論，分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)做法，幫助發(fā)展中成員從發(fā)展電子商務(wù)中受益。

Mobilizing support for discussing new issues in the WTO. China has encouraged the WTO to respond to and discuss new topics of general interest to the members such as investment facilitation, micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), and e-commerce. China initiated "Friends of Investment Facilitation for Development (FIFD)" and sponsored the Joint Ministerial Statement on Investment Facilitation for Development signed by over 70 members. China joined the "Friends of Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises", and shared with other members its proposals that support MSMEs. As an advocate of multilateral discussions on e-commerce in the WTO, China joined "Friends of E-commerce for Development (FED)", shared its experiences and helped other developing members benefit from e-commerce.

切實(shí)履行《貿(mào)易便利化協(xié)定》。作為發(fā)展中成員，中國(guó)積極推動(dòng)實(shí)施《貿(mào)易便利化協(xié)定》。中國(guó)組建了國(guó)家貿(mào)易便利化委員會(huì)，各有關(guān)部門通力協(xié)作，提高貿(mào)易便利化水平。截至2017年，各?。ㄗ灾螀^(qū)、直轄市）已經(jīng)建立了貿(mào)易便利化工作聯(lián)席會(huì)議制度，積極做好本地區(qū)貿(mào)易便利化相關(guān)工作。在履行該協(xié)定方面，中國(guó)的A類措施（協(xié)定生效后立即實(shí)施）所占比重達(dá)到94.5%，目前僅保留4項(xiàng)B類措施（協(xié)定生效后經(jīng)過(guò)一定過(guò)渡期后實(shí)施）。中國(guó)將嚴(yán)格履行承諾，在3年過(guò)渡期后如期實(shí)施B類措施。

Faithfully implementing the Trade Facilitation Agreement. As a developing member, China has actively promoted the implementation of TFA. It has set up the National Committee on Trade Facilitation to coordinate the efforts of relevant government agencies to enhance trade facilitation. By 2017, China's provinces (as well as autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) had all established a joint committee mechanism for trade facilitation in their respective jurisdictions. Regarding China's TFA commitments, 94.5 percent of all commitments fall into Category A (immediately implemented upon entry into force of the TFA), and only four items belong to Category B (implemented after a transitional period following the TFA's entry into force). China will honor its promise and implement all the Category B measures following a transitional period of three years after entry into force of the Agreement.

（二）有效維護(hù)爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制法律地位

2. Safeguarding the dispute settlement mechanism

積極維護(hù)爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。世貿(mào)組織爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制為保障國(guó)際貿(mào)易可預(yù)見(jiàn)性、維護(hù)多邊貿(mào)易體制穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了重要作用。中國(guó)積極參與改進(jìn)爭(zhēng)端解決程序的談判，支持世貿(mào)組織上訴機(jī)構(gòu)獨(dú)立公正開(kāi)展上訴審議工作。針對(duì)當(dāng)前個(gè)別世貿(mào)組織成員阻撓上訴機(jī)構(gòu)成員遴選，中國(guó)與60多個(gè)成員聯(lián)署提案，努力推動(dòng)盡快啟動(dòng)遴選程序。

Safeguarding the effective operation of the dispute settlement mechanism. The WTO dispute settlement mechanism has played a vital role in maintaining the predictability of international trade and the stability of the multilateral trading system. China has actively participated in the negotiations on improving the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes and supports the independence and impartiality of the WTO Appellate Body. Despite the attempt of certain WTO member to obstruct the appointment of members of the Appellate Body, China joined more than 60 members in submitting a proposal on starting the selection process at the earliest possible date.

妥善處理與其他成員的貿(mào)易糾紛。中國(guó)主張通過(guò)世貿(mào)組織爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制妥善解決貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端。按照事項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)，截至2018年4月，中國(guó)在世貿(mào)組織起訴案件17項(xiàng)，已結(jié)案8項(xiàng)；被訴案件27項(xiàng)，已結(jié)案23項(xiàng)。中國(guó)通過(guò)主動(dòng)起訴，遏制了少數(shù)世貿(mào)組織成員的不公正做法，維護(hù)了自身貿(mào)易利益和世貿(mào)規(guī)則權(quán)威。中國(guó)積極應(yīng)對(duì)被訴案件，尊重并認(rèn)真執(zhí)行世貿(mào)組織裁決，作出了符合世貿(mào)規(guī)則的調(diào)整，無(wú)一例被起訴方申請(qǐng)報(bào)復(fù)的情況。

Properly handling trade disputes with other WTO members. China supports WTO members to solve their trade disputes within the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. By April 2018, China had brought 17 disputes to the WTO, of which 8 had been concluded. Meanwhile, China had been complained against in 27 disputes, of which 23 had been concluded. By lodging complaints in the WTO, China redressed other members' violation of obligations under the covered agreements, and defended its own trade interests as well as the authority of WTO rules. China also actively defended the cases against it, respected the WTO rulings, and made adjustments to its measures according to WTO rules. Up to now, none of the complainants has requested for retaliation against China.

（三）深度參與貿(mào)易政策審議

3. Fully participating in trade policy review

認(rèn)真接受成員的貿(mào)易政策監(jiān)督。世貿(mào)組織貿(mào)易政策審議機(jī)制有助于增加多邊貿(mào)易體制的透明度。中國(guó)高度重視貿(mào)易政策審議，已接受世貿(mào)組織六次審議，并正在積極準(zhǔn)備即將于2018年7月進(jìn)行的世貿(mào)組織對(duì)中國(guó)的第七次貿(mào)易政策審議。中國(guó)始終以開(kāi)放坦誠(chéng)的姿態(tài)，介紹宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易投資政策發(fā)展情況，聽(tīng)取其他成員對(duì)中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的意見(jiàn)和建議。世貿(mào)組織成員贊賞中國(guó)參與審議的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為中國(guó)履約、合規(guī)、開(kāi)放的良好形象為發(fā)揮審議機(jī)制作用樹(shù)立了典范。

Attaching great importance to trade policy monitoring by other WTO members. The WTO trade policy review (TPR) mechanism is effective in enhancing the transparency of the multilateral trading system. China places great emphasis on the TPR process. Having undergone six TPRs on itself, China is preparing for the seventh one in July 2018. In an open and frank manner, China has briefed the WTO membership on its macro-economic, trade and investment policies, and listened attentively to their comments and suggestions on China's reform and opening-up. Other WTO members applaud China's active participation and regard China as an impressive example in reinforcing the role of TPR in monitoring commitments, ensuring compliance and enhancing openness.

敦促其他成員遵守多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定。加入世貿(mào)組織以來(lái)，中國(guó)參與世貿(mào)組織對(duì)其他成員審議近300次，向被審議成員提交書(shū)面問(wèn)題和貿(mào)易關(guān)注數(shù)千項(xiàng)，敦促其他成員遵守世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則和有關(guān)承諾，為維護(hù)和強(qiáng)化審議機(jī)制功能發(fā)揮了積極作用。

Urging other WTO members to abide by multilateral trade agreements. Since its accession to the WTO, China has participated in nearly 300 TPRs on other members. It raised thousands of written questions and trade concerns to the members under review, urged them to abide by the WTO rules and their commitments, and played a positive role in safeguarding and strengthening the TPR mechanism.

（四）全力支持發(fā)展中國(guó)家融入多邊貿(mào)易體制

4. Vigorously supporting the integration of developing members into the multilateral trading system

支持世貿(mào)組織將發(fā)展作為工作重心。確保發(fā)展中國(guó)家尤其是最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家從國(guó)際貿(mào)易中獲益，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是世貿(mào)組織宗旨之一。作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，中國(guó)對(duì)發(fā)展中成員在參與全球價(jià)值鏈分工、參與國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)治理等方面面臨的困難表示關(guān)切，努力推動(dòng)貿(mào)易為實(shí)現(xiàn)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。

Supporting the WTO to focus on development. An important objective of the WTO is to ensure that developing members, especially least-developed country members, benefit from international trade and boost their economic growth. As the largest developing country, China understands the difficulties of developing members to benefit from the global value chains and participate in international economic and trade governance. China worked hard to make trade an enabler of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

向其他發(fā)展中成員提供務(wù)實(shí)有效的支持。加大對(duì)發(fā)展中成員特別是最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家成員援助力度，促進(jìn)縮小南北發(fā)展差距。截至2018年3月，已對(duì)36個(gè)建交且已完成換文手續(xù)的最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家97%稅目產(chǎn)品實(shí)施零關(guān)稅。積極響應(yīng)世貿(mào)組織“促貿(mào)援助”倡議，利用多雙邊援助資源幫助其他發(fā)展中成員特別是最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家成員加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、培訓(xùn)經(jīng)貿(mào)人員、提高生產(chǎn)能力、發(fā)展貿(mào)易投資。向世貿(mào)組織“貿(mào)易便利化協(xié)定基金”捐款100萬(wàn)美元，協(xié)助落實(shí)《貿(mào)易便利化協(xié)定》。2011年，中國(guó)設(shè)立“最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家及加入世貿(mào)組織中國(guó)項(xiàng)目”，已幫助6個(gè)最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家加入世貿(mào)組織。2017年起，中國(guó)在南南合作援助基金項(xiàng)下與世貿(mào)組織等國(guó)際組織加強(qiáng)合作，在“促貿(mào)援助”領(lǐng)域?qū)嵤┖献黜?xiàng)目，幫助其他發(fā)展中成員提高從全球價(jià)值鏈中獲益的能力。

Providing pragmatic and effective support to other developing members. China has reinforced its aid to other developing members, especially least-developed country members, to bridge the South-North development gap. By March 2018, it had accorded zero tariff treatment on 97 percent of all tariff lines to 36 least-developed countries (LDCs) that have diplomatic relations with China and completed exchange of notes. Responding to the "Aid for Trade" initiative, China has contributed multilateral and bilateral resources to help other developing members, especially least-developed country members, with infrastructure construction, professionals training, productivity improvement, as well as trade and investment development. It has donated USD1 million to the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement Facility to assist the implementation of the TFA. The LDCs and Accessions Program, established by China in 2011, has helped six LDCs accede to the WTO. Since 2017, China has strengthened cooperation with the WTO and other international organizations under the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund, and carried out cooperative projects in "Aid for Trade" to help other developing members benefit from global value chains.

（五）堅(jiān)決反對(duì)單邊主義和保護(hù)主義

5. Firmly opposing unilateralism and protectionism

單邊主義和保護(hù)主義與世貿(mào)組織基本原則背道而馳。多邊貿(mào)易體制是順應(yīng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的歷史選擇。世貿(mào)組織倡導(dǎo)以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)，秉持開(kāi)放、透明、包容、非歧視等基本原則，其解決全球貿(mào)易問(wèn)題主渠道的地位不會(huì)改變。中國(guó)旗幟鮮明反對(duì)單邊主義和保護(hù)主義。搞單邊主義不符合市場(chǎng)規(guī)律，不符合國(guó)際規(guī)則，最終必然損人害己。搞保護(hù)主義如同把自己關(guān)進(jìn)黑屋子，看似躲過(guò)了風(fēng)吹雨打，但也隔絕了陽(yáng)光和空氣。只有堅(jiān)持平等協(xié)商、攜手合作，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)共贏、多贏。

Unilateralism and protectionism run counter to the fundamental principles of the WTO. The multilateral trading system is a historic choice that follows the trend of global economic development. The WTO advocates the principles of rules, openness, transparency, inclusiveness and non-discrimination, and it will remain the main channel to address global trade issues. China explicitly opposes unilateralism and protectionism. Unilateralism goes against the law of the market and international rules, causes injury to others but ends up defeating oneself. Pursuing protectionism is like locking oneself in a dark room. While wind and rain may be kept outside, that dark room will also block light and air. Only through equal consultation and joint efforts can win-win results be achieved for all.

利用多邊合作平臺(tái)倡導(dǎo)自由貿(mào)易。中國(guó)倡導(dǎo)通過(guò)加強(qiáng)合作、平等對(duì)話和協(xié)商談判來(lái)解決國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的問(wèn)題。中國(guó)主辦亞太經(jīng)合組織第二十二次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會(huì)議、二十國(guó)集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人杭州峰會(huì)、金磚國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人第九次會(huì)晤期間，加強(qiáng)與各方協(xié)調(diào)，推動(dòng)將反對(duì)貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義寫入會(huì)議成果文件。中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人出席“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇、博鰲亞洲論壇、世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇等多邊會(huì)議期間，多次闡明支持多邊貿(mào)易體制、推動(dòng)建設(shè)開(kāi)放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的堅(jiān)定立場(chǎng)。在世貿(mào)組織內(nèi)中國(guó)積極倡議，與多數(shù)成員發(fā)出反對(duì)單邊主義和保護(hù)主義的共同聲音。

Pursuing free trade through platforms for multilateral cooperation. China advocates solving international trade problems through cooperation, dialogue and consultation on an equal footing. During the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, the G20 Hangzhou Summit, and the BRICS Xiamen Summit, all hosted by China, the country increased coordination with all parties concerned, and secured statements on opposing trade protectionism in the outcome documents of these summits. When attending the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, the Boao Forum for Asia, and the World Economic Forum, Chinese leaders repeatedly expressed their firm support for the multilateral trading system and an open world economy. In the WTO, the vast majority of members echoed China's opposition to unilateralism and protectionism.

三、中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織后對(duì)世界作出重要貢獻(xiàn)

III. China's Significant Contribution to the World After Accession to the WTO

中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移奉行互利共贏的對(duì)外開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略，遵循世貿(mào)組織自由貿(mào)易理念，在對(duì)外開(kāi)放中展現(xiàn)大國(guó)擔(dān)當(dāng)。從加入世貿(mào)組織到共建“一帶一路”，中國(guó)開(kāi)放胸襟、擁抱世界，為促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易發(fā)展、增加全球民眾福祉作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)，成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要穩(wěn)定器和動(dòng)力源。

China steadfastly pursues a mutually beneficial opening-up strategy, upholds the WTO's principle of free trade, and has lived up to its responsibilities as a major country in the process of opening-up. From its WTO accession in 2001 to the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, China has embraced the world with open arms, made a significant contribution to promoting international trade and increasing global wellbeing, and become a key anchor and driver for the world economy. 

（一）拉動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和增長(zhǎng)

1. Boosting world economic recovery and growth

加入世貿(mào)組織后，中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入加速期，中國(guó)的發(fā)展有力促進(jìn)了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

Since its accession to the WTO, China has accelerated its reform and opening-up process and economic growth. China's development is a forceful driver of global economic growth. 

2016年，按照匯率法計(jì)算，中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值占世界的比重達(dá)到14.8%，較2001年提高10.7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。自2002年以來(lái)，中國(guó)對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的平均貢獻(xiàn)率接近30%，是拉動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和增長(zhǎng)的重要引擎。

In 2016, China's GDP accounted for 14.8 percent of the world total, up by 10.7 percentage points over 2001, calculated at exchange rates. Since 2002, China's contribution to global economic growth has approached 30 percent on average. The Chinese economy has become a major engine for global economic recovery and growth. 

中國(guó)新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化快速推進(jìn)，形成巨大的消費(fèi)和投資空間，為全球創(chuàng)造了更多就業(yè)。根據(jù)國(guó)際勞工組織發(fā)布的首份《中國(guó)與拉美和加勒比地區(qū)經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系報(bào)告》，1990－2016年，中國(guó)為拉美和加勒比地區(qū)創(chuàng)造了180萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。

China has quickened its pace in promoting new industrialization, IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, created enormous opportunities for consumption and investment, and generated more jobs for the world. According to a report released by the International Labor Organization, "Effects of China on the Quantity and Quality of Jobs in Latin America and the Caribbean", China created 1.8 million jobs for Latin America and the Caribbean region from 1990 to 2016. 

中國(guó)的快速發(fā)展為全球減貧事業(yè)作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。改革開(kāi)放40年來(lái)，中國(guó)人民生活從短缺走向充裕、從貧困走向小康，現(xiàn)行聯(lián)合國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的7億多貧困人口成功脫貧，占同期全球減貧人口總數(shù)70%以上，為世界提供了最高的減貧貢獻(xiàn)率。

China's rapid development has made tremendous contributions to the cause of global poverty reduction. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, the Chinese people have emerged from scarcity to abundance and from poverty to moderate prosperity. According to current UN standards, more than 700 million Chinese people have been lifted out of poverty, accounting for more than 70% of the global total over the same period. This represents the largest contribution to poverty reduction in the world. 

（二）對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展惠及全球

2. Foreign trade development benefiting the world

加入世貿(mào)組織以來(lái)，中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易持續(xù)發(fā)展，惠及13億多中國(guó)人民，也惠及世界各國(guó)人民。

Since China's entry into the WTO, China's foreign trade has maintained sustained development, benefiting more than 1.3 billion Chinese and other peoples across the world. 

面對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)等前所未有的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，中國(guó)采取有效措施積極應(yīng)對(duì)，努力促進(jìn)對(duì)外貿(mào)易回穩(wěn)向好。世貿(mào)組織數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2017年，中國(guó)在全球貨物貿(mào)易進(jìn)口和出口總額中所占比重分別達(dá)到10.2%和12.8%，是120多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的主要貿(mào)易伙伴。中國(guó)貨物貿(mào)易出口為全球企業(yè)和民眾提供了物美價(jià)優(yōu)的商品；2001－2017年，中國(guó)貨物貿(mào)易進(jìn)口額年均增長(zhǎng)13.5%，高出全球平均水平6.9個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，已成為全球第二大進(jìn)口國(guó)。自2009年以來(lái)，中國(guó)一直是最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家第一大出口市場(chǎng)，吸收了最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家五分之一的出口。

Confronted with unprecedented difficulties and challenges including the global financial crisis in 2008, China has taken effective measures to stabilize and revitalize its foreign trade. According to WTO statistics, China's imports accounted for 10.2 percent of the world total merchandise import in 2017, and its exports 12.8 percent, making China a major trade partner of more than 120 countries and regions. China's exports have provided high-quality and inexpensive products to businesses and people around the world. From 2001 to 2017, China's imports increased by an annual average of 13.5 percent, 6.9 percentage points higher than the global average; and China has become the world's second largest importer. Since 2009, China has been the largest export market for the LDCs, and absorbed 20 percent of their exports. 

2001－2017年，中國(guó)服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)口從393億美元增至4676億美元，年均增長(zhǎng)16.7%，占全球服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)口總額的比重接近10%。自2013年起，中國(guó)成為全球第二大服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)口國(guó)，為帶動(dòng)出口國(guó)當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi)、增加就業(yè)、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。以旅游服務(wù)為例，中國(guó)連續(xù)多年保持世界第一大出境旅游客源國(guó)地位。2017年，中國(guó)公民出境旅游突破1.3億人次，境外旅游消費(fèi)達(dá)1152.9億美元。

China's services imports increased from USD39.3 billion in 2001 to USD467.6 billion in 2017, up by an annual average of 16.7 percent, and accounting for nearly 10 percent of the world total. Since 2013, China has been the world's second largest service importer, making significant contributions to stimulating consumption, creating jobs and boosting economic growth in the exporting countries. Taking tourism services as an example, China has been the world's largest source of outbound tourists for many years in a row. In 2017, outbound tourist trips made by Chinese citizens exceeded 130 million person-times, generating USD115.29 billion of overseas tourism spending. 

中國(guó)貿(mào)易模式的創(chuàng)新也為世界貿(mào)易的增長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)了新的動(dòng)力?？缇畴娚痰葘?duì)外貿(mào)易新業(yè)態(tài)新模式快速發(fā)展，為貿(mào)易伙伴提供了更加廣闊的市場(chǎng)。2017年中國(guó)海關(guān)驗(yàn)放的跨境電子商務(wù)進(jìn)出口商品總額為902.4億元人民幣，同比增長(zhǎng)80.6%，其中進(jìn)口為565.9億元人民幣，同比增長(zhǎng)高達(dá)120%。

China's innovation in trade models has also given new impetus to world trade growth. Cross-border e-commerce and other new types and modes of foreign trade have flourished in China, providing an ever-expanding market to its trading partners. In 2017, the value of imported and exported goods in cross-border e-commerce checked and released by China Customs totaled RMB90.24 billion, up by 80.6 percent on yearly basis, of which imports stood at RMB56.59 billion, up by 120 percent compared with the previous year. 

（三）雙向投資造福世界各國(guó)

3. Two-way investment benefiting all countries

中國(guó)推動(dòng)構(gòu)建公正、合理、透明的國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)投資規(guī)則體系，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)要素有序流動(dòng)、資源高效配置、市場(chǎng)深度融合。

China has been promoting the establishment of a fair, equitable and transparent system of international trade and investment rules to boost the orderly flow of production factors, efficient resources allocation and full market integration. 

中國(guó)積極吸引外國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人來(lái)華投資興業(yè)，外商直接投資規(guī)模從1992年起連續(xù)26年居發(fā)展中國(guó)家首位。加入世貿(mào)組織后，外商直接投資規(guī)模從2001年的468.8億美元增加到2017年的1363.2億美元，年均增長(zhǎng)6.9%。外商投資企業(yè)在提升中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量和效益的同時(shí)，分享中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展紅利。中國(guó)美國(guó)商會(huì)《2018中國(guó)商務(wù)環(huán)境調(diào)查報(bào)告》顯示，約60%的受訪企業(yè)將中國(guó)列為全球三大投資目的地之一，74%的會(huì)員企業(yè)計(jì)劃于2018年擴(kuò)大在華投資，這一比例為近年來(lái)最高，其中三分之一的受訪企業(yè)計(jì)劃增加在華投資10%以上。中國(guó)歐盟商會(huì)《商業(yè)信心調(diào)查2018》報(bào)告顯示，超過(guò)一半的會(huì)員企業(yè)計(jì)劃擴(kuò)大在華運(yùn)營(yíng)規(guī)模。2017年全國(guó)新設(shè)立外商投資企業(yè)35652家，同比增長(zhǎng)27.8%。

China has proactively attracted foreign institutions and individuals to invest and develop in China. Since 1992, China has consistently topped the list of FDI recipients among developing countries for 26 years consecutively. After China's accession to the WTO, its FDI increased from USD46.88 billion in 2001 to USD136.32 billion in 2017, up by an annual average of 6.9 percent. FIEs have shared the benefits of China's economic development, while helping improve the quality and performance of China's economy. According to the "2018 China Business Climate Survey Report" by the American Chamber of Commerce in China (AmCham China), nearly 60 percent of the interviewed enterprises ranked China as a top three investment priority; some 74 percent of the AmCham China member enterprises plan to expand their investments in China in 2018, the highest in recent years, and one third of the interviewed enterprises plan to increase their investments in China by over 10 percent. According to the "Business Confidence Survey 2018" by the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China, more than half of its member enterprises plan to expand their presence in China. In 2017, newly founded FIEs in China reached 35,652, registering an increase of 27.8 percent. 

中國(guó)對(duì)外投資合作持續(xù)健康規(guī)范發(fā)展，對(duì)外直接投資年度流量全球排名從加入世貿(mào)組織之初的第26位上升至2017年的第3位。中國(guó)對(duì)外投資合作加快了東道國(guó)當(dāng)?shù)丶夹g(shù)進(jìn)步步伐，促進(jìn)其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和民生改善，創(chuàng)造了大量就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

China's outward investment cooperation has developed in a sustained, sound, and orderly way. In terms of annual flow of outward direct investment (ODI), China's world ranking rose from the 26th place after its accession to the WTO to the third in 2017. China's outward investment cooperation has accelerated technological progress in the host countries, advanced their economic development, improved their people's well-being and created many jobs. 

（四）為全球提供公共產(chǎn)品

4. Providing public goods to the world

中國(guó)的發(fā)展得益于國(guó)際社會(huì)，也愿為國(guó)際社會(huì)提供更多公共產(chǎn)品。中國(guó)致力于打造開(kāi)放型合作平臺(tái)，維護(hù)和發(fā)展開(kāi)放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，與其他國(guó)家共同構(gòu)建廣泛的利益共同體。

China receives support from the international community in its own development process and stands ready to provide more public goods to the world. China is committed to building an open platform of cooperation, upholding and growing an open world economy, and working together with other countries to build a broad community of shared interests. 

提出共建“一帶一路”倡議。面對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展困境，中國(guó)提出共建“一帶一路”倡議?！耙粠б宦贰背h源于中國(guó)，但機(jī)會(huì)和成果屬于世界，對(duì)于促進(jìn)各個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)之間深化合作和共同發(fā)展，維護(hù)和發(fā)展開(kāi)放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，推動(dòng)開(kāi)放、包容、普惠、平衡、共贏的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體發(fā)揮著重要作用。

Proposing the Belt and Road Initiative. In the face of difficulties in world economic development, China put forward the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013. While the proposal was initiated by China, the opportunities and achievements belong to the world. The Belt and Road Initiative plays an important role in promoting in-depth cooperation and common development between countries and regions, upholding and growing an open world economy, making economic globalization open, inclusive, balanced, win-win and beneficial to all and advancing the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

共建“一帶一路”倡議提出以來(lái)，已有80多個(gè)國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織同中國(guó)簽署了合作協(xié)議。中國(guó)與相關(guān)國(guó)家深化務(wù)實(shí)合作，取得了豐碩成果。2013－2017年，中國(guó)同沿線國(guó)家貿(mào)易總額超過(guò)5萬(wàn)億美元，中國(guó)企業(yè)在這些國(guó)家累計(jì)投資超過(guò)700億美元。截至2017年底，中國(guó)企業(yè)在有關(guān)國(guó)家建設(shè)75個(gè)境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)，上繳東道國(guó)稅費(fèi)超過(guò)16億美元，為當(dāng)?shù)貏?chuàng)造了22萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。自2018年起，中國(guó)將在3年內(nèi)向參與“一帶一路”建設(shè)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織提供600億元人民幣援助，建設(shè)更多民生項(xiàng)目。

Since 2013, more than 80 countries and international organizations have signed cooperation agreements with China. The in-depth and practical cooperation between China and relevant countries has achieved fruitful results. From 2013 to 2017, the total value of China's trade with other Belt and Road countries exceeded USD5 trillion, and total investment by Chinese enterprises in these countries exceeded USD70 billion. By the end of 2017, Chinese enterprises had set up 75 overseas economic and trade cooperation zones in relevant countries, contributed more than USD1.6 billion taxes to the host countries and created 220,000 local jobs. Within three years starting from 2018, China will provide RMB60 billion worth of aid to the developing countries and international organizations participating in the Belt and Road Initiative, with a view to developing more projects to improve people's lives. 

舉辦中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)。中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)是中國(guó)發(fā)起的、多個(gè)國(guó)際組織和100多個(gè)國(guó)家參與的國(guó)際博覽會(huì)，是推動(dòng)全球包容互惠發(fā)展的國(guó)際公共產(chǎn)品。首屆中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)將于2018年11月舉行。舉辦進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)是中國(guó)推進(jìn)新一輪高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放的重大決策，是中國(guó)主動(dòng)向世界開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)的重大舉措，是中國(guó)支持經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和貿(mào)易自由化的實(shí)際行動(dòng)。未來(lái)15年，中國(guó)預(yù)計(jì)將進(jìn)口24萬(wàn)億美元商品。中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)將為各國(guó)出口提供新機(jī)遇，為各國(guó)共享中國(guó)發(fā)展紅利搭建新平臺(tái)，為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)注入新動(dòng)力。

Hosting the China International Import Expo. Initiated by China, the China International Import Expo (CIIE) will bring together multiple international organizations and more than 100 countries. It is an international public product that promotes inclusive and mutually beneficial development around the globe. The inaugural session of CIIE will be held in November 2018. Hosting the CIIE is an important decision made by China to promote a new round of high-level opening-up, a major policy measure of China to further open its market to the world, and a concrete action by China to support economic globalization and trade liberalization. In the coming 15 years, China is expected to import USD24 trillion worth of goods. The CIIE will provide new export opportunities for the world, build a new platform for other countries and regions to share China's development dividends, and bring more dynamism to world economic growth. 

四、中國(guó)積極推動(dòng)更高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放

IV. China Is Actively Advancing Opening-Up to a Higher Level

中國(guó)的對(duì)外開(kāi)放不會(huì)止步于履行加入世貿(mào)組織承諾。面對(duì)洶涌澎湃但又充滿曲折的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，中國(guó)順應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展潮流和世界發(fā)展大勢(shì)，堅(jiān)定不移擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開(kāi)放，不斷創(chuàng)造更全面、更深入、更多元的對(duì)外開(kāi)放格局，實(shí)現(xiàn)更廣泛的互利共贏。

Fulfilling China's WTO commitments has never been the end point of its opening-up. In the face of the overwhelming trend of economic globalization and its winding path, China keeps pace with the times, takes firm steps to expand opening-up, and makes continuous efforts to open up in a more comprehensive, profound and diversified way, with a view to achieving greater mutual benefit and win-win outcomes.

（一）促進(jìn)貿(mào)易平衡發(fā)展

1. Promoting balanced development of trade

中國(guó)的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)略宗旨是互利共贏、多元平衡。中國(guó)注重提升出口質(zhì)量和附加值，積極擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口，更好融入全球價(jià)值鏈。中國(guó)不刻意追求貨物貿(mào)易順差，客觀看待目前服務(wù)貿(mào)易存在的逆差，支持有利于豐富市場(chǎng)供給、有利于提升人民生活品質(zhì)、有利于促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)的進(jìn)口。在全面履行加入承諾的基礎(chǔ)上，中國(guó)近年來(lái)又多次以暫定稅率方式大幅自主降低進(jìn)口關(guān)稅稅率。根據(jù)世貿(mào)組織統(tǒng)計(jì)，2015年中國(guó)的貿(mào)易加權(quán)平均關(guān)稅已降至4.4%，與美國(guó)、歐盟等發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體相差1.5－2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。截至2017年底，已調(diào)減900多個(gè)稅目產(chǎn)品的稅率。在博鰲亞洲論壇2018年年會(huì)上，中國(guó)宣布將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大降稅范圍，努力增加人民群眾需求比較集中的特色優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口。

China pursues a trade strategy of mutual benefit, win-win, diversification and balanced development. It endeavors to raise the quality and added-value of its exports, proactively increase imports, and better integrate into the global value chains. China never deliberately pursues trade surplus in goods. At the same time, China takes an objective view towards existing trade deficit in services. The country always welcomes imports that diversify market supply, improve people's quality of life, and upgrade its industrial structure. In recent years, on top of its commitments to the WTO, China has self-initiated significant reductions to import tariffs on an interim basis for multiple times. According to the WTO, China's trade-weighted average import tariff rate had fallen to 4.4 percent in 2015, only 1.5 to 2 percentage points higher than those of developed economies such as the US and the EU. By the end of 2017, China had reduced tariffs on more than 900 tariff lines. At the 2018 Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference, China announced plans to further reduce import tariffs and to import more high-quality, distinctive products that meet the strong demand of the Chinese people.

（二）提高貿(mào)易便利化水平

2. Facilitating international trade

世貿(mào)組織《貿(mào)易便利化協(xié)定》實(shí)施一年多以來(lái)，中國(guó)貿(mào)易便利化水平顯著提升。目前，中國(guó)海關(guān)進(jìn)口貨物平均通關(guān)時(shí)間縮短至20小時(shí)以內(nèi)，出口貨物平均通關(guān)時(shí)間不到2小時(shí)。中國(guó)加快推進(jìn)國(guó)際貿(mào)易“單一窗口”建設(shè)和推廣。截至2017年底，中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易“單一窗口”已與11個(gè)口岸管理相關(guān)部門對(duì)接，基本覆蓋大通關(guān)主要流程，實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)一點(diǎn)接入、一次提交、一次查驗(yàn)、一鍵跟蹤、一站辦理，加速了口岸治理體系現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)進(jìn)程。中國(guó)將繼續(xù)優(yōu)化監(jiān)管方式方法，改革口岸管理體制，進(jìn)一步壓縮進(jìn)出口環(huán)節(jié)和成本，不斷優(yōu)化口岸營(yíng)商環(huán)境。

China's efforts to implement the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, which entered into force in February 2017, have resulted in impressive improvement in China's trade facilitation. The average time for customs clearance has been reduced to less than 20 hours for imports and less than two hours for exports. China has accelerated the establishment of a single window for international trade. By the end of 2017, the China International Trade Single Window had been connected to 11 authorities and agencies responsible for border control and covered basically all major import and export procedures. This one-stop system enables traders to use a single entry point to declare freight and taxes with a single submission of documents, and track the results after a single joint inspection by the participating authorities. It has accelerated the modernization of China's port management. China will further optimize supervision and management approaches, reform port administration regime and streamline procedures and reduce costs for import and export, to create a more business-friendly environment at the port.

（三）大幅放寬外商投資準(zhǔn)入

3. Substantially widening market access for foreign investment

對(duì)外商投資實(shí)行準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇加負(fù)面清單管理模式，是中國(guó)適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化新形勢(shì)和國(guó)際投資規(guī)則變化的制度變革。2016年9月，全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)對(duì)《外資企業(yè)法》等4部法律進(jìn)行了修訂，將不涉及國(guó)家規(guī)定實(shí)施準(zhǔn)入特別管理措施的外商投資企業(yè)設(shè)立及變更事項(xiàng)，由審批改為備案管理。2018年上半年，中國(guó)完成修訂外商投資負(fù)面清單工作，出臺(tái)《國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于積極有效利用外資推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展若干措施的通知》，進(jìn)一步大幅度放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，包括穩(wěn)步擴(kuò)大金融業(yè)開(kāi)放，持續(xù)推進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)開(kāi)放，深化農(nóng)業(yè)、采礦業(yè)、制造業(yè)開(kāi)放。

China has adopted a foreign investment administration model of pre-establishment national treatment plus negative list. This move marks an institutional reform in response to new developments in economic globalization and changes in international rules for investment. In September 2016, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress amended four laws including the Law on Foreign Invested Enterprises. For those foreign-invested enterprises not subject to the special administrative measures on access to foreign investment (the negative list), their establishment and changes are now administered by a "filing for record" approach instead of the examination and approval system. In the first half of 2018, revision of the negative list for foreign investment was completed and the "Notice of the State Council on Measures for Using Foreign Investment Actively and Effectively to Promote High-Quality Economic Development" was issued to further widen market access considerably. China is making efforts to steadily liberalize its financial sector, constantly open up the services industry, and deepen the opening-up of agricultural, mining and manufacturing sectors.

對(duì)于船舶行業(yè)，中國(guó)將于2018年取消外資股比限制，包括設(shè)計(jì)、制造、修理各環(huán)節(jié)。對(duì)于飛機(jī)制造行業(yè)，中國(guó)將取消外資股比限制，包括干線飛機(jī)、支線飛機(jī)、通用飛機(jī)、直升機(jī)、無(wú)人機(jī)、浮空器等。對(duì)于汽車行業(yè)，中國(guó)將取消專用車、新能源汽車外資股比限制，并將在未來(lái)5年內(nèi)逐步取消汽車行業(yè)的全部股比限制。

As regards the shipbuilding industry, China will lift foreign equity caps for companies engaged in the design, manufacturing and repair of vessels in 2018. Moreover, China will lift foreign equity caps on airplane manufacturing of trunk airliners, regional jets, utility aircrafts, helicopters, drones and lighter-than-air aircrafts. In the automobile industry, China will remove foreign equity caps on manufacturing of special-purpose vehicles and new-energy vehicles, and phase out those on all automotive ventures over the next five years.

（四）創(chuàng)造更有吸引力的投資環(huán)境

4. Creating a more attractive environment for foreign investment

中國(guó)積極營(yíng)造寬松有序的投資環(huán)境，放寬外商投資準(zhǔn)入，進(jìn)一步簡(jiǎn)化外資準(zhǔn)入管理程序，建設(shè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)，加強(qiáng)投資促進(jìn)與投資保護(hù)，進(jìn)一步提升外商投資環(huán)境法治化、國(guó)際化、便利化水平，讓中國(guó)市場(chǎng)更加透明、更加規(guī)范，促進(jìn)外資增長(zhǎng)，提高利用外資質(zhì)量。

China makes efforts to create a favorable and orderly investment environment, ease market access for foreign investment, further simplify the administrative procedures on access to foreign investment, build pilot free-trade zones (FTZs) with high standards, and better promote and protect foreign investment. China works to improve an investment climate that conforms to international rules, facilitates foreign investment and is based on the rule of law, and to make its market more transparent and better regulated. These efforts will help attract more foreign investment into China and ensure its effective utilization.

截至2018年3月，中國(guó)全面取消非行政許可審批，與2013年3月相比，削減行政審批事項(xiàng)44%。中央政府層面核準(zhǔn)的企業(yè)投資項(xiàng)目數(shù)量累計(jì)減少90%。全面改革工商登記、注冊(cè)資本等商事制度，全面推行注冊(cè)資本認(rèn)繳登記制，工商登記前置審批事項(xiàng)壓縮了87%，企業(yè)開(kāi)辦時(shí)間縮短三分之一以上。推進(jìn)市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單制度改革，推行“法無(wú)禁止即可為”，切實(shí)增強(qiáng)執(zhí)法公正性，減輕企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)。

By March 2018, all items for non-administrative license approval had been cancelled, and items for administrative approval had decreased by 44 percent as compared to March 2013. The number of investment projects by enterprises subject to verification of the central government had been reduced by 90 percent. China has comprehensively reformed its systems for business registration and registered capital, rolled out the subscribed capital registration system, and revoked 87 percent of the items subject to examination and approval preceding the industrial and commercial registration. The time for business establishment has been shortened by at least one third. In order to alleviate the burden on businesses, China is advancing the reform of the negative list for market access, promoting the concept of "everything that is not forbidden is allowed", and reinforcing the impartiality of law enforcement.

中國(guó)將繼續(xù)推進(jìn)簡(jiǎn)政、降稅、減費(fèi)改革，繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)同國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)規(guī)則對(duì)接，增強(qiáng)透明度，強(qiáng)化產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，堅(jiān)持依法辦事、鼓勵(lì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、反對(duì)壟斷。加快制定出臺(tái)《外國(guó)投資法》，構(gòu)建符合新時(shí)代改革開(kāi)放需要的外資法律體系，推進(jìn)更高水平的對(duì)外開(kāi)放和更深層次的外資管理體系改革，保護(hù)外商投資和外國(guó)投資者合法權(quán)益。降低外國(guó)人才來(lái)華就業(yè)、創(chuàng)業(yè)門檻。提升各類開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)發(fā)展水平，高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高質(zhì)量建設(shè)自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)，探索建設(shè)中國(guó)特色自由貿(mào)易港。

China will continue with the reform to streamline administration, lower taxes, and reduce fees. China will further align its business environment with international economic and trade rules, enhance policy transparency, strengthen the protection of property rights, advance the rule of law, encourage competition and oppose monopoly. The enactment of the Law on Foreign Investment will be expedited to build a legal system for foreign investment that meets the needs of reform and opening-up in the new era, elevate opening-up to a higher level, push for deeper reform in the foreign investment administration system, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investment and foreign investors. The threshold will be lowered for foreign talents to work and start their own businesses in China. In addition, China will improve various development zones, build the pilot FTZs with high standard and good quality, and explore the construction of free-trade ports with Chinese characteristics.

（五）規(guī)范引導(dǎo)企業(yè)對(duì)外投資

5. Regulating outward investment

中國(guó)政府積極引導(dǎo)企業(yè)在海外守法經(jīng)營(yíng)、履行企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任，支持企業(yè)按照商業(yè)原則和國(guó)際慣例開(kāi)展對(duì)外投資合作。中國(guó)將繼續(xù)積極推動(dòng)境外投資持續(xù)合理有序健康發(fā)展，有效防范各類風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，同時(shí)，中國(guó)呼吁東道國(guó)避免濫用安全審查等限制性做法對(duì)投資進(jìn)行過(guò)度限制，營(yíng)造更加公平、透明、可預(yù)期的投資環(huán)境。

China encourages its enterprises to abide by local laws, fulfill corporate social responsibilities and observe business principles and international practices when they do business in host countries and conduct outward investment cooperation. China will continue to promote the sustainable, reasonable, orderly and sound development of outward investment, and effectively prevent risks of all kinds. Meanwhile, in order to create a more equitable, transparent and predictable environment for foreign investment, China calls on host countries to refrain from abusing security review or adopting other restrictive practices to impose excessive limitations on foreign investment.

（六）加快實(shí)施自貿(mào)區(qū)戰(zhàn)略

6. Advancing the Free Trade Area Strategy

多邊貿(mào)易體制和區(qū)域貿(mào)易安排是驅(qū)動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化向前發(fā)展的兩個(gè)輪子。中國(guó)維護(hù)多邊貿(mào)易體制，推動(dòng)自由貿(mào)易區(qū)建設(shè)。截至2018年5月，中國(guó)已與24個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)簽署16個(gè)自貿(mào)協(xié)定。2017年，與自貿(mào)伙伴的貿(mào)易額（不含港澳臺(tái)）占中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易總額的25.9%。已簽署的自貿(mào)協(xié)定中，零關(guān)稅覆蓋的產(chǎn)品范圍基本超過(guò)90%，承諾開(kāi)放的服務(wù)部門已從加入世貿(mào)組織時(shí)的100個(gè)增至近120個(gè)。中國(guó)將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定不移地推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、維護(hù)自由貿(mào)易，與有關(guān)各方早日簽署并實(shí)施《區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》，加快亞太自貿(mào)區(qū)和東亞經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體建設(shè)，構(gòu)建立足周邊、輻射“一帶一路”、面向全球的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自由貿(mào)易區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

The multilateral trading system and regional trade arrangement are the two wheels driving economic globalization forward. China upholds the multilateral trading system and promotes free trade arrangements. By May 2018, China had signed 16 free trade agreements (FTA) with 24 countries and regions. In 2017, trade between China and its FTA partners (excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan Province) accounted for 25.9 percent of China's total foreign trade. In those free trade agreements, basically 90 percent of imported products enjoy duty free treatment, and approximately 120 service sectors have been opened to foreign suppliers, compared to 100 service sectors in China's commitments to the WTO at the time when China joined the organization. Committed to advancing economic globalization and safeguarding free trade, China is negotiating with relevant parties the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership for its early conclusion and implementation, and is accelerating the building of Free Trade Area of Asia-Pacific and East Asia Economic Community. With all these efforts, China will build a high standard network of free trade areas, focusing on the neighboring areas, radiating across the Belt and Road and open to the world. 

結(jié)束語(yǔ)

Conclusion

當(dāng)今世界正在經(jīng)歷新一輪大發(fā)展大變革大調(diào)整，人類面臨的不穩(wěn)定不確定因素依然很多。近年來(lái)，逆全球化潮流涌動(dòng)，保護(hù)主義和單邊主義抬頭，以世貿(mào)組織為核心的多邊貿(mào)易體制遭遇挑戰(zhàn)。

The world is undergoing a new round of major development, great change and profound readjustment. The mankind still faces growing uncertainties and destabilizing factors. Surging tides of anti-globalization in recent years, coupled with rising protectionism and unilateralism, have posed severe challenges to the multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core.

經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)提供了強(qiáng)勁動(dòng)力，是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)代潮流，中國(guó)與多邊貿(mào)易體制休戚與共。中國(guó)將繼續(xù)踐行承諾、遵守規(guī)則，積極參與多邊貿(mào)易體制建設(shè)，堅(jiān)定支持世貿(mào)組織在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理中發(fā)揮更大作用。

Economic globalization has powered global growth and is an irreversible trend of our times. China and the multilateral trading system stand together through thick and thin. China will continue to fulfill its commitments, comply with rules, actively participate in the improvement of the multilateral trading system, and give firm support to the WTO in playing a greater role in global economic governance.

中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)已由高速增長(zhǎng)轉(zhuǎn)向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，在這一歷史進(jìn)程中，中國(guó)將堅(jiān)定不移貫徹創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開(kāi)放、共享的發(fā)展理念，完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，充分激發(fā)各類市場(chǎng)主體活力。

China's economy has been transitioning from rapid growth to high-quality development. In this historic process, China will pursue with firmness the vision of innovative, coordinated, green, and open development that is for everyone, improve the socialist market economy system, and stimulate the vitality of various market entities.

中國(guó)將把創(chuàng)新作為引領(lǐng)發(fā)展的第一動(dòng)力，以更加開(kāi)放的態(tài)度，繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，加強(qiáng)國(guó)際交流合作，使技術(shù)發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新不僅造福中國(guó)而且惠及世界，讓越來(lái)越多的人享受科技發(fā)展帶來(lái)的便利。

China will take innovation as the primary driving force for development. China will adopt a more open attitude, strengthen the protection of innovation and intellectual property rights, and enhance international exchanges and cooperation. These efforts will ensure that technological development and innovation benefit not only China, but also the world, and its convenience readily accessible to more and more people.

中國(guó)主張各國(guó)共擔(dān)時(shí)代責(zé)任、共享發(fā)展機(jī)遇。作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，中國(guó)愿繼續(xù)與各國(guó)共同應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化進(jìn)程中出現(xiàn)的全球性問(wèn)題，加強(qiáng)溝通、攜手合作，推動(dòng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理朝著平等公正、合作共贏的方向發(fā)展。

China calls on all countries to jointly shoulder the responsibilities of our times and believes that all countries should have equal access to development opportunities. As the largest developing country in the world, China looks forward to further cooperation and communication with other countries to jointly respond to global issues that emerge in the process of globalization, and to building a global economic governance system based on equality, equity and win-win cooperation.

中國(guó)將以更大力度、更高水平的對(duì)外開(kāi)放促進(jìn)全球共同發(fā)展，為各國(guó)分享中國(guó)紅利創(chuàng)造更多機(jī)會(huì)。中國(guó)愿與全球貿(mào)易伙伴一道，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化朝著更加開(kāi)放、包容、普惠、平衡、共贏的方向發(fā)展，讓不同國(guó)家、不同階層、不同人群共享經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的好處。

China commits itself to opening up wider and deeper to promote common development across the world, providing other countries with more opportunities to share the benefits of China's development. China is willing to work hand-in-hand with its global trading partners to make economic globalization more open, inclusive, balanced and win-win with benefits to all so that different countries, different social strata and different groups of people all share in the benefits of economic globalization.

①中國(guó)香港特別行政區(qū)、澳門特別行政區(qū)、臺(tái)灣省均以單獨(dú)關(guān)稅區(qū)的身份在不同時(shí)間成為世界貿(mào)易組織成員，本白皮書(shū)不包括上述單獨(dú)關(guān)稅區(qū)與世界貿(mào)易組織的關(guān)系。

①China's Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan Province all became members of the WTO as separate customs territories at different times, the cases of which are not discussed in this white paper.

（注：本文省略了原文中的圖表和專欄）

(Note: Charts and boxes are omitted)

（來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng)）

(Source: Xinhua)