國(guó)家人權(quán)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃（2016－2020年）
National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2016-2020)
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調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 一、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化權(quán)利 | I. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights |
| 推進(jìn)精準(zhǔn)扶貧脫貧，健全公共服務(wù)體系，穩(wěn)步提高基本公共服務(wù)均等化水平，保障公民的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化權(quán)利。 | The Chinese government is determined to press forward with precision poverty-reduction and poverty-eradication campaigns, improve the public service system, steadily enhance the level of equal access to basic public services, and protect citizens' economic, social and cultural rights. |
| （一）工作權(quán)利 | (1) Right to work |
| 實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策，推行勞動(dòng)者終身職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)制度，進(jìn)一步完善工資福利制度和安全生產(chǎn)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)職業(yè)病防治。 | More proactive employment policies shall be implemented, a system of lifelong vocational skills training shall be promoted for workers, and a wage and benefits system shall be further improved, so shall a long-term safety production mechanism. Prevention and treatment of occupational diseases shall be reinforced. |
| ——實(shí)現(xiàn)比較充分和高質(zhì)量就業(yè)。實(shí)施高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)促進(jìn)和創(chuàng)業(yè)引領(lǐng)計(jì)劃。促進(jìn)農(nóng)村富余勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)和外出務(wù)工人員返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)。對(duì)就業(yè)困難人員實(shí)行實(shí)名制動(dòng)態(tài)管理和分類(lèi)幫扶，做好“零就業(yè)”家庭幫扶工作。支持貧困地區(qū)建設(shè)縣鄉(xiāng)基層勞動(dòng)就業(yè)和社會(huì)保障服務(wù)平臺(tái)。實(shí)現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)5000萬(wàn)人以上。 | -- Ensuring a fuller rate of employment and quality employment. Programs of employment promotion and entrepreneurship shall be introduced for college graduates, and surplus rural labor shall be encouraged to seek employment in other areas, and migrant workers shall get help in starting businesses back in their home villages. People with difficulties in finding jobs shall be registered so that the government can keep track of their employment situation and give them help according to defined categories, with particular attention being paid to families with no one holding a job. Counties and townships in poverty-stricken areas shall be given support in building employment and social security services platforms. It is planned for a minimum of 50 million new jobs to be created in urban areas. |
| ——推行勞動(dòng)者終身職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)制度。開(kāi)展貧困家庭子女、未升學(xué)初高中畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工、失業(yè)人員和轉(zhuǎn)崗職工、退役軍人和殘疾人免費(fèi)接受職業(yè)培訓(xùn)行動(dòng)。到2020年，累計(jì)培訓(xùn)農(nóng)民工4000萬(wàn)人次，基本消除勞動(dòng)者無(wú)技能從業(yè)現(xiàn)象。 | -- Pursuing a lifelong vocational skills training system for workers. Free vocational training shall be offered to young people from needy families, people with junior or senior middle-school education, migrant workers, people having lost their jobs, workers with reassigned jobs, ex-servicepeople and people with disabilities. By 2020, it is expected that 40 million migrant workers shall have received such training, and the goal is to equip every worker with relevant occupational skills. |
| ——進(jìn)一步完善工資福利制度。健全工資水平?jīng)Q定機(jī)制、正常增長(zhǎng)機(jī)制和支付保障機(jī)制，健全最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)調(diào)整機(jī)制。繼續(xù)推行企業(yè)工資集體協(xié)商制度。健全高技能人才薪酬體系，提高技術(shù)工人待遇，落實(shí)帶薪年休假制度。 | -- Further improving the wage and benefits system. Efforts will be made to improve the wage-setting mechanism, the normal wage increase mechanism and payment guarantee mechanism, and the minimum wage adjustment mechanism. The collective wage negotiation mechanism shall be continuously implemented for enterprises; a salary system shall be improved for highly skilled professionals, the salaries of skilled workers be increased, and the paid vacation system be implemented. |
| ——完善勞動(dòng)保障監(jiān)察執(zhí)法體制和勞動(dòng)人事?tīng)?zhēng)議處理機(jī)制。嚴(yán)禁各種形式的就業(yè)歧視，全面治理拖欠農(nóng)民工工資問(wèn)題，規(guī)范企業(yè)裁員行為，保障非正規(guī)就業(yè)勞動(dòng)者權(quán)益，嚴(yán)格規(guī)范企業(yè)實(shí)行特殊工時(shí)制度的適用管理，依法加強(qiáng)對(duì)勞務(wù)派遣的監(jiān)管。 | -- Improving the labor security supervision and law enforcement system and labor dispute settlement mechanism. Employment discrimination of any form shall be strictly prohibited. Measures will be taken to address arrears of wage payment for migrant workers, regulate layoffs by businesses, guarantee the rights and interests of workers informally employed, strictly regularize the application by enterprises of the special working-hour system, and strengthen supervision over labor dispatch pursuant to the law. |
| ——加強(qiáng)安全生產(chǎn)防控。到2020年，各類(lèi)生產(chǎn)安全事故死亡人數(shù)累計(jì)降幅10%，億元國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值生產(chǎn)安全事故死亡率累計(jì)降幅30%。 | -- Strengthening safety in production. By 2020 the death toll caused by industrial accidents of various types shall fall by 10 percent cumulatively, and the death rate from industrial accidents per RMB100 million of GDP shall drop by 30 percent. |
| ——加強(qiáng)職業(yè)病防治。職業(yè)病危害嚴(yán)重的行業(yè)領(lǐng)域勞動(dòng)者在崗期間的職業(yè)健康檢查率達(dá)90%以上，用人單位主要負(fù)責(zé)人和職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理人員的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生培訓(xùn)率分別達(dá)95%以上。 | -- Strengthening the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. In industries with high risks of occupational diseases, 90 percent and above of relevant workers shall receive special health checkups, and 95 percent and above of persons in charge of businesses and occupational health managerial staff shall receive the required training. |
| （二）基本生活水準(zhǔn)權(quán)利 | (2) Right to basic living standards |
| 全力實(shí)施脫貧攻堅(jiān)，保障居民基本住房、用水、食品安全和出行便利。 | Full efforts shall be made to reduce poverty, and ensure basic housing, clean water, food security, and convenient transportation. |
| ——確保城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長(zhǎng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)同步。到2020年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比2010年翻一番。努力增加低收入勞動(dòng)者收入，擴(kuò)大中等收入者比重。 | -- Ensuring the increase of rural and urban residents' income in step with economic growth. By 2020 China's GDP and the per-capita income of urban and rural residents shall both double that of 2010. Efforts shall be made to increase the income of low-income earners, and enlarge the ranks of middle-income earners. |
| ——貫徹落實(shí)《中共中央國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)的決定》，實(shí)施精準(zhǔn)扶貧精準(zhǔn)脫貧方略。到2020年，實(shí)現(xiàn)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)脫貧3000萬(wàn)人，轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)脫貧1000萬(wàn)人，實(shí)施易地扶貧搬遷1000萬(wàn)人，對(duì)其余完全或部分喪失勞動(dòng)能力的貧困人口實(shí)行社保政策兜底脫貧2000萬(wàn)人。實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的農(nóng)村貧困人口全部脫貧，貧困縣全部摘帽。 | -- Implementing the Decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Eradicating Poverty in China, and implementing the strategy of precision poverty-reduction and poverty-eradication. By 2020 some 30 million people shall be lifted out of poverty by way of developing specialty industries, 10 million by way of transfer employment, 10 million by relocation to other areas, and the remaining 20 million, who have partially or completely lost the ability to work, shall be covered by social security. In this way the whole of the impoverished rural population according to the current standards shall be lifted out of poverty and no county will be called a "poverty county" by then. |
| ——保障住房安全。改造各類(lèi)城鎮(zhèn)棚戶區(qū)住房2000萬(wàn)套，加強(qiáng)對(duì)貧困地區(qū)的支持，推動(dòng)居住證持有人享有與當(dāng)?shù)貞艏丝谕鹊淖》勘Ｕ蠙?quán)利。推進(jìn)農(nóng)村危房改造，統(tǒng)籌開(kāi)展農(nóng)房抗震改造，基本完成存量危房改造任務(wù)。 | -- Ensuring housing security. A total of 20 million units of housing in rundown urban areas shall be rebuilt, support strengthened to poor areas, and holders of residence permits ensured equal basic housing rights with locally registered residents. Efforts shall be made to press forward with renovation of dilapidated housing in rural areas, carry out anti-earthquake reinforcement projects for rural housing, and basically complete the renovation of registered dilapidated housing. |
| ——保障用水安全。全國(guó)新增供水能力270億立方米，城鎮(zhèn)供水水源地水質(zhì)全面達(dá)標(biāo)。實(shí)施農(nóng)村飲水安全鞏固提升工程，農(nóng)村自來(lái)水普及率達(dá)80%以上，農(nóng)村集中供水率達(dá)85%以上。 | -- Ensuring access to safe water. A total of 27 billion cu m of water supply capacity will be added nationwide on the current basis, and all urban water-supply sources shall meet the required standards. Efforts shall be made to improve drinking water security in rural areas, where 80 percent of the population shall have access to tap water, and 85 percent to centralized water supply. |
| ——確保食品安全。深入貫徹實(shí)施食品安全法，全面落實(shí)食品安全屬地監(jiān)管責(zé)任。加強(qiáng)進(jìn)口食品安全監(jiān)管。實(shí)施科學(xué)監(jiān)管，建立職業(yè)化檢查員隊(duì)伍。健全食品安全信用體系，完善消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)機(jī)制。 | -- Ensuring food safety. The Food Safety Law shall be strictly enforced, and supervisory organs shall be held responsible for food safety in areas under their respective jurisdiction. Food safety supervision shall be strengthened on imported foodstuffs, and through the building of a professional team of food-safety inspectors, the supervision shall be made more effective. The system of food-safety credit shall be improved, so shall the mechanisms of protection of consumers' rights and interests. |
| ——改善城鄉(xiāng)居民出行條件。國(guó)家高速公路主線基本貫通。具備條件的縣城通二級(jí)及以上公路，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和建制村通硬化路、通客車(chē)。 | -- Improving the transportation network. A network of national trunk expressways shall be basically put in place. Where conditions permit, county seats shall have access to highways of Grade II and above, and townships and administrative villages have tarmac or cement roads and complete access to bus services. |
| （三）社會(huì)保障權(quán)利 | (3) Right to social security |
| 完善社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)體系，推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)救助體系建設(shè)，支持社會(huì)福利和慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展。 | The social insurance system shall be improved, establishment of a social relief system covering urban and rural areas shall be promoted, and support shall be given to the development of social welfare and charity undertakings. |
| ——實(shí)施全民參保計(jì)劃，穩(wěn)步提高社會(huì)保障統(tǒng)籌層次和水平。建立更加便捷的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)機(jī)制。實(shí)施社會(huì)保障卡工程，持卡人口覆蓋率達(dá)到90%。 | -- Implementing full coverage of social insurance, and steadily raising the level of social security pooling. A more convenient social insurance transfer and renewal mechanism shall be established, and the system of social security card shall be implemented to ensure that 90 percent of the population enjoys social security coverage. |
| ——完善統(tǒng)賬結(jié)合的城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度，實(shí)現(xiàn)職工基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金全國(guó)統(tǒng)籌，推出稅收遞延型養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)。到2020年，符合參保條件的城鄉(xiāng)居民參保率達(dá)到95%。 | -- Improving the basic old-age insurance system that combines social pooling and personal accounts for urban workers and endeavoring to materialize nationwide pooling for basic old-age pensions for urban workers, and introducing tax-deferred retirement insurance. By 2020 some 95 percent of eligible urban and rural residents shall be covered by the basic old-age insurance. |
| ——健全醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度。城鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)保參保率穩(wěn)定在95%以上。全面實(shí)施城鄉(xiāng)居民大病保險(xiǎn)制度。健全醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)穩(wěn)定可持續(xù)籌資和報(bào)銷(xiāo)比例調(diào)整機(jī)制。加快推進(jìn)基本醫(yī)保全國(guó)聯(lián)網(wǎng)和異地就醫(yī)結(jié)算，實(shí)現(xiàn)符合轉(zhuǎn)診規(guī)定的異地就醫(yī)住院費(fèi)用直接結(jié)算。將生育保險(xiǎn)和基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)合并實(shí)施。 | -- Improving the medical insurance system. The coverage of medical insurance in urban and rural areas shall be stabilized at above 95 percent. A critical illness insurance system shall be continuously carried out for urban and rural residents, and mechanisms for steady and sustainable financing of the medical insurance and for adjusting medical care reimbursement rates shall be improved. Steps shall be quickened to promote the establishment of a nationwide network for basic medical insurance and trans-regional settlement of medical insurance accounts, so in-patient and out-patient medical expenses can be settled in the place of treatment if the patients meet the requirements for referral, despite having local coverage. The state shall integrate maternity insurance with basic medical insurance. |
| ——繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)覆蓋面，確保為符合條件的失業(yè)人員按時(shí)足額發(fā)放失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金并提供相關(guān)的再就業(yè)服務(wù)。 | -- Further expanding the coverage of unemployment insurance, and ensuring that eligible unemployed persons receive unemployment insurance benefits in full and in a timely manner, and that they have access to relevant re-employment services. |
| ——全面實(shí)施工傷保險(xiǎn)省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌，強(qiáng)化工傷保險(xiǎn)待遇支付保障，制定工傷預(yù)防費(fèi)使用管理辦法，完善工傷康復(fù)服務(wù)體系。到2020年，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)工傷保險(xiǎn)法定人群全覆蓋。 | -- Implementing provincial-level unified pooling of funds for work-related injury insurance, guaranteeing that the insured receive compensation when applicable, formulating regulations on the use and management of funds for prevention of work-related injury, and improving the system of rehabilitation services for work-related injuries. By 2020 work-related injury insurance shall be extended to cover all eligible workers as prescribed by the law. |
| ——統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)救助體系建設(shè)。將所有符合低保條件的貧困家庭納入低保范圍。進(jìn)一步健全特困人員救助供養(yǎng)制度，提升特困人員救助供養(yǎng)水平。全面實(shí)施臨時(shí)救助制度，全面推開(kāi)“救急難”工作。加強(qiáng)基層未成年人保護(hù)服務(wù)設(shè)施和流浪乞討救助管理機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)。 | -- Pressing forward in coordinated manner the building of an urban-rural social relief system. All eligible families shall be brought into the coverage of the subsistence allowance system. The relief and support system for people living in dire poverty shall be further improved and the level of relief and support shall be raised. The system of temporary rescue shall be comprehensively implemented to provide timely help to those in urgent needs. Building of service facilities for the protection of minors shall be strengthened, so shall organs for the relief and management of vagrants and beggars, both at the grassroots. |
| ——健全自然災(zāi)害救助體系，調(diào)整完善自然災(zāi)害生活救助政策，實(shí)施全國(guó)自然災(zāi)害救助物資儲(chǔ)備體系建設(shè)等重大項(xiàng)目。 | -- Improving the natural disaster relief system, and adjusting and improving the relief policies in the wake of natural disasters. A national natural-disaster relief supplies reserve system shall be launched. |
| ——健全以扶老、助殘、愛(ài)幼、濟(jì)困為重點(diǎn)的社會(huì)福利制度，加強(qiáng)福利設(shè)施建設(shè)。 | -- Improving the social welfare system with focus on supporting the elderly, disabled, children, and needy, and strengthening the building of welfare facilities. |
| ——實(shí)施慈善法，支持慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展。 | -- Enacting the Charity Law, and supporting the development of charities. |
| ——落實(shí)國(guó)務(wù)院戶籍制度改革方案，取消農(nóng)業(yè)戶口與非農(nóng)業(yè)戶口性質(zhì)區(qū)分，建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的戶籍登記制度。全面實(shí)施居住證暫行條例，推進(jìn)居住證制度覆蓋全部未落戶城鎮(zhèn)常住人口。促進(jìn)公民平等發(fā)展、共享成果，享受均等化的社會(huì)保障。 | -- Implementing the State Council's reform program of the household registration system, and establishing a unified urban-rural household registration system featuring the removal of difference between agricultural and non-agricultural household registration. The Interim Regulations on Residence Permits shall be implemented, and the system of residence permit shall be extended to cover all permanent urban residents that have not yet had their household registration. Equal development shall be promoted for citizens, making them share the benefits of development equally and have equal access to social security. |
| （四）財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利 | (4) Right to property |
| 健全歸屬清晰、權(quán)責(zé)明確、保護(hù)嚴(yán)格、流轉(zhuǎn)順暢的現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)權(quán)制度，推進(jìn)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)法治化。 | Establishing and improving a modern property-right system featuring clear ownership, clearly defined rights and obligations, rigorous protection, and easy transfer, and pressing forward with protection of people's property rights in accordance with the law. |
| ——有序推進(jìn)民法典編纂工作，完善財(cái)產(chǎn)保障制度。 | -- Forging ahead with the compilation of the Civil Law Code in an orderly manner and improving the system of property protection. |
| ——推動(dòng)土地管理法修改及其配套法規(guī)立法工作。對(duì)農(nóng)村集體所有土地征收、集體經(jīng)營(yíng)性建設(shè)用地入市、宅基地管理、不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)屬調(diào)處等制度進(jìn)行積極探索，適時(shí)開(kāi)展立法研究工作。 | -- Pressing forward with the amendment of the Land Administration Law and enactment of supporting laws and regulations. Proactive exploration shall be conducted on such systems as expropriation of rural collectively owned land, marketization of collectively owned rural profit-oriented construction land, management of homestead land, and the adjustment and handling of real estate ownership, and studies on legislation be started at the right time. |
| ——完成農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營(yíng)地、宅基地、農(nóng)房、集體建設(shè)用地確權(quán)登記頒證。繼續(xù)落實(shí)征地制度改革工作。穩(wěn)定農(nóng)村土地承包關(guān)系，完善土地所有權(quán)、承包權(quán)、經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)分置辦法，依法推進(jìn)土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)有序流轉(zhuǎn)。完善集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員認(rèn)定辦法和集體經(jīng)濟(jì)資產(chǎn)所有權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)形式，將經(jīng)營(yíng)性資產(chǎn)折股量化到本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員。 | -- Completing the confirmation and registration of rural land contracted for productive use, homesteads, housing and collectively owned construction land. Reform of the land expropriation system shall be implemented continuously, the land-contracting relationship shall be made stable in the rural areas, measures for separating the rights of land ownership, contracting and management shall be improved, and orderly transfer of land-management right shall be introduced pursuant to the law. Methods for confirming membership of collective economic organizations shall be improved, and so shall the forms of expression of collective economic assets ownership. The productive assets of collective economic organizations shall be converted into shares for distribution among their members. |
| ——依法合規(guī)界定企業(yè)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬，保障企業(yè)的自主經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)。 | -- Defining the property right of enterprises in accordance with laws and regulations, and ensuring enterprises' right of operation. |
| ——全面落實(shí)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)統(tǒng)一登記制度。 | -- Implementing unified system of registration for immovables. |
| ——加快構(gòu)建自然資源資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度，確定產(chǎn)權(quán)主體，創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。保護(hù)自然資源資產(chǎn)所有者權(quán)益，公平分享自然資源資產(chǎn)收益。深化礦業(yè)權(quán)制度改革。建立健全生態(tài)環(huán)境性權(quán)益交易制度和平臺(tái)。 | -- Taking steps to quicken the enactment of a natural resource assets ownership system, deciding the owners of such assets, and innovating the forms of realizing the ownership. The rights and interests of the owners of natural-resource assets shall be protected, and proceeds from such assets shall be shared fairly. Further reform shall be carried out of the mining right system, and a system and platform shall be established for trading of ecological and environmental rights and interests. |
| ——實(shí)施嚴(yán)格的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度。完善有利于激勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬制度，建設(shè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)運(yùn)營(yíng)交易和服務(wù)平臺(tái)。 | -- Implementing a rigorous intellectual property right (IPR) protection system. The IPR ownership system shall be improved to encourage innovation, and an IPR trading and services platform shall be built. |
| （五）健康權(quán)利 | (5) Right to health |
| 建立健全覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度，到2020年，實(shí)現(xiàn)人均預(yù)期壽命增加1歲。 | A basic medical and health system covering the entire nation shall be established and improved, and it is expected that the average life expectancy shall increase by one year by 2020. |
| ——促進(jìn)基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)均等化。完善國(guó)家基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)項(xiàng)目和重大公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)項(xiàng)目，提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量效率和均等化水平，適時(shí)調(diào)整基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，項(xiàng)目經(jīng)費(fèi)繼續(xù)向基層傾斜。鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)力量興辦健康服務(wù)業(yè)，推進(jìn)非營(yíng)利性民營(yíng)醫(yī)院和公立醫(yī)院同等待遇。 | -- Promoting equal access to basic public health services. Improvements shall be endeavored of the basic public health service programs and key public health service programs, the quality and efficiency of health services shall be improved and equal access to them ensured, and adjustments made to the funds for basic public health service programs at the right time while continuing to give preference to primary-level health services when it comes to the allocation of funding. Private capital shall be encouraged to go to health services, and equal treatment be offered to non-profit private hospitals as well as public hospitals. |
| ——提升基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)能力。以中西部地區(qū)為重點(diǎn)，每縣重點(diǎn)辦好1－2所縣級(jí)公立醫(yī)院（含縣中醫(yī)院），基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)達(dá)標(biāo)率達(dá)95%以上。打造30分鐘基層醫(yī)療服務(wù)圈。加強(qiáng)并規(guī)范化培養(yǎng)住院醫(yī)師，每萬(wàn)人口全科醫(yī)生數(shù)達(dá)到2名，每千人口執(zhí)業(yè)（助理）醫(yī)師數(shù)達(dá)到2.5名。 | -- Enhancing the capacity of primary-level medical and health services. Focusing on the central and western regions, each county shall be helped to run well at least one to two public hospitals (including hospitals of Traditional Chinese Medicine), and 95 percent of primary-level medical and health institutions shall be expected to reach the required standards. Endeavors shall be made to develop a primary-level medical care sphere that ensures all patients receive help within 30 minutes. A contingent of resident doctors shall be developed and offered standardized training. Two general practitioners shall be ensured for every 10,000 persons and 2.5 practitioners/assistants for every 1,000 persons. |
| ——加強(qiáng)重大疾病防控。加快推進(jìn)國(guó)家和省級(jí)慢性病綜合防控示范區(qū)建設(shè)，重大慢性病過(guò)早死亡率降低10%。肺結(jié)核發(fā)病率降至58/10萬(wàn)。降低全人群乙肝病毒感染率，控制艾滋病疫情在低流行水平，基本消除血吸蟲(chóng)病危害，消除瘧疾、麻風(fēng)病危害。加強(qiáng)嚴(yán)重精神障礙診斷報(bào)告、隨訪管理服務(wù)，嚴(yán)重精神障礙患者管理率達(dá)到85%。做好重點(diǎn)地方病防控工作，強(qiáng)化突發(fā)公共事件衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急和突發(fā)急性傳染病防治能力建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)口岸衛(wèi)生檢疫能力建設(shè)，嚴(yán)防外來(lái)重大傳染病傳入。增加艾滋病防治等特殊藥物免費(fèi)供給。全面開(kāi)展重特大疾病醫(yī)療救助。 | -- Strengthening prevention and control of major illnesses. Intensified efforts shall be made to accelerate the building of national- and provincial-level demonstration areas for chronic disease prevention and control, and the rate of premature deaths from major chronic diseases shall be reduced by 10 percent. The incidence of TB shall be reduced to 58/100,000; the infection rates of HBV in all groups be reduced; AIDS be controlled at a low-epidemic level; schistosomiasis be basically eliminated; and malaria and leprosy be eliminated. China shall improve the diagnosis, reporting and follow-up service of serious mental disorders, and register 85 percent of persons with serious mental disorders for health management. Primary attention shall be given to the prevention and control of endemic diseases, improving the capabilities of public health emergency response and the prevention and treatment of acute infectious disease epidemics. Health quarantine capacity of land border crossings and sea ports shall be strengthened to prevent the spread of major infectious diseases from outside China. The supply of medicines for the prevention and control of AIDS and some other diseases shall be increased free of charge, and medical relief shall be provided for all those suffering from severe or major illnesses. |
| ——保障用藥安全。完善基本藥物制度，健全藥品供應(yīng)保障機(jī)制。健全藥品檢查、檢驗(yàn)檢測(cè)體系，加強(qiáng)藥品不良反應(yīng)監(jiān)測(cè)。 | -- Ensuring medication safety. The system of basic medicines shall be improved, so shall the mechanism of medicine supply and system of drug inspection and testing, as well as the monitoring of adverse effects of drugs. |
| ——落實(shí)《全民健身計(jì)劃（2016－2020年）》。推動(dòng)城市社區(qū)15分鐘健身圈建設(shè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)基本公共體育服務(wù)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)常住人口全覆蓋和行政村農(nóng)民體育健身工程全覆蓋。到2020年，每周參加1次及以上體育鍛煉的人數(shù)達(dá)到7億，經(jīng)常參加體育鍛煉的人數(shù)達(dá)到4.35億，全國(guó)人均體育場(chǎng)地面積達(dá)到1.8平方米以上。 | -- Implementing the National Fitness Program (2016-2020). Fitness facilities shall be made accessible to urban communities within a 15-minute radius, and permanent residents in rural towns and townships shall be ensured access to basic public sports services and farmers in rural administrative villages shall be guaranteed access to sports and fitness facilities. By 2020 some 700 million people shall take part in physical exercises at least once a week, and 435 million people shall do it on a regular basis, with per-capita sports or exercise area being 1.8 sq m or more. |
| （六）受教育權(quán) | (6) Right to education |
| 實(shí)施《國(guó)家教育事業(yè)發(fā)展第十三個(gè)五年規(guī)劃》，全面提升教育質(zhì)量，促進(jìn)教育公平。到2020年，勞動(dòng)年齡人口平均受教育年限達(dá)到10.8年。 | The 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Education (2016-2020) shall be implemented, the quality of education be enhanced comprehensively and equality in education be promoted. By 2020 the average years of schooling for the working-age population shall reach 10.8 years. |
| ——普及學(xué)前三年教育。擴(kuò)大普惠性學(xué)前教育資源，學(xué)前三年毛入園率提高到85%。繼續(xù)加大對(duì)中西部地區(qū)和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的支持力度，基本建成覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)、布局合理的學(xué)前教育公共服務(wù)體系。 | -- Making three-year pre-school education universal. Pre-school educational resources bringing universal benefits shall be expanded, and 85 percent of eligible children shall be enrolled in kindergartens. The support to the central and western regions and to weak links shall be strengthened, and a well-balanced network of pre-school education public service that covers both urban and rural areas shall be established. |
| ——促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育均衡優(yōu)質(zhì)發(fā)展。加快推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育一體化進(jìn)程，加快義務(wù)教育公辦學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)。全面改善貧困地區(qū)義務(wù)教育薄弱學(xué)校基本辦學(xué)條件。著力保障隨遷子女在流入地平等接受義務(wù)教育。完善留守兒童教育服務(wù)體系。 | -- Promoting balanced and high-quality development of compulsory education. Urban-rural integration of compulsory education shall be accelerated, so shall the standardized construction of public schools of compulsory education. The conditions of disadvantaged schools of compulsory education in poverty-ridden areas shall be improved overall. Greater attention shall be paid to ensure equal access to compulsory education at local schools for the children of migrant workers. The system of education service for children left behind by their migrant-worker parents shall be improved. |
| ——普及高中階段教育。促進(jìn)普通高中多樣化發(fā)展。繼續(xù)加大對(duì)中西部貧困地區(qū)高中階段教育的扶持力度。對(duì)建檔立卡的家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生實(shí)施普通高中免除學(xué)雜費(fèi)。到2020年，全國(guó)高中階段教育毛入學(xué)率達(dá)到90%。 | -- Making senior high school education universal. Diversified development shall be encouraged of general high schools. Support shall be continuously enhanced to the development of senior high school education in poverty-stricken areas of central and western China. Students from families with financial difficulties shall be exempt from tuition and other fees during senior high school. By 2020 some 90 percent of junior high school students shall enter senior high schools. |
| ——完善職業(yè)教育體系和制度建設(shè)。修改職業(yè)教育法。推動(dòng)產(chǎn)教融合發(fā)展，完善校企合作制度。完善職業(yè)教育人才多樣化成長(zhǎng)渠道。支持欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)職業(yè)教育發(fā)展。逐步分類(lèi)推進(jìn)中等職業(yè)教育免除學(xué)雜費(fèi)。實(shí)施國(guó)家基本職業(yè)培訓(xùn)包制度。 | -- Improving the vocational education system. The Vocational Education Law shall be amended. Integrated development of industry and education shall be promoted, and the system of cooperation between schools and enterprises shall be improved. So shall the diversified channels conducive to the development of students receiving vocational education. Support shall be extended to the development of vocational education in less-developed areas. A program shall be implemented gradually and by category to exempt students receiving secondary vocational education from tuition and other fees. A national basic vocational training package shall be implemented. |
| ——促進(jìn)高等教育發(fā)展。實(shí)施高等學(xué)校創(chuàng)新能力提升計(jì)劃。深入實(shí)施中西部高等教育振興計(jì)劃，擴(kuò)大重點(diǎn)高校對(duì)中西部和農(nóng)村地區(qū)招生規(guī)模。 | -- Boosting higher education. A program shall be implemented to enhance the innovation capacity of institutions of higher learning. So shall a program for rejuvenation of higher education of central and western regions, and key institutions of higher learning shall be made to enlarge their enrollments in central and western China, and rural areas. |
| ——大力發(fā)展繼續(xù)教育。建立個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)賬號(hào)和學(xué)分累計(jì)制度，暢通繼續(xù)教育、終身學(xué)習(xí)通道。支持各類(lèi)高校、企事業(yè)單位和各類(lèi)教育培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展繼續(xù)教育。 | -- Making great efforts to develop continuing education. A personal education account and number of credits system shall be established, and the channels for continuing education and lifelong education shall be expanded. Institutions of higher learning, enterprises and public institutions, and various agencies providing educational training are encouraged to engage in continuing education. |
| ——加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村教師隊(duì)伍建設(shè)。推動(dòng)有關(guān)地方在連片特困地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村教師生活補(bǔ)助全覆蓋，依據(jù)學(xué)校艱苦邊遠(yuǎn)程度實(shí)行差別化的補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。推動(dòng)各地逐步實(shí)行城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的中小學(xué)教職工編制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)教師交流。加大對(duì)中西部鄉(xiāng)村教師的培訓(xùn)。 | -- Improving the training of teachers in rural areas. Life subsidies shall be provided to all teachers working in rural areas hit hard by poverty, and differentiated amounts of subsidies shall be implemented on the basis of the location and degree of poverty where the teachers work. Unified standards shall be adopted for faculty and staff of elementary and high schools in both urban and rural areas. So shall the exchange of teachers working in urban and rural areas. Greater efforts shall be made in training of teachers working in rural areas of central and western China. |
| ——健全國(guó)家資助政策體系，實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助全覆蓋。 | -- Improving state financial aid policies, and ensuring full coverage of financial aid to students with economic difficulties. |
| （七）文化權(quán)利 | (7) Cultural rights |
| 實(shí)施《國(guó)家“十三五”時(shí)期文化改革發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要》，完善公共文化服務(wù)體系、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)體系、文化市場(chǎng)體系，提升公民基本文化權(quán)利的保障水平。 | The Outline of the National Plan for Cultural Reform and Development of the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (2016-2020) shall be implemented, and the public cultural services shall be improved, so shall the cultural industry and cultural market, to ensure citizens' basic cultural rights. |
| ——加快推進(jìn)公共圖書(shū)館法、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)促進(jìn)法、公共文化服務(wù)保障法、電影產(chǎn)業(yè)促進(jìn)法立法。修訂文物保護(hù)法、著作權(quán)法及其配套行政法規(guī)。 | -- Quickening the pace of enactment of laws on public libraries, the promotion of the cultural industry, the provision of public cultural services, and promotion of the movie industry. The Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, the Copyright Law and supporting administrative regulations shall be amended. |
| ——推進(jìn)基本公共文化服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、均等化。完善公共文化設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)基層文化服務(wù)能力建設(shè)。加大對(duì)老少邊窮地區(qū)文化建設(shè)幫扶力度。加快公共數(shù)字文化建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)文化產(chǎn)品、惠民服務(wù)與群眾文化需求對(duì)接。鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)力量參與公共文化服務(wù)。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)公共文化設(shè)施免費(fèi)開(kāi)放。 | -- Promoting the standardization of and equal access to basic public cultural services. The public cultural facilities network shall keep to be improved, and the building of primary-level cultural service capacity shall be strengthened. Support shall be strengthened for cultural development in former revolutionary base areas, ethnic-minority areas, border areas and impoverished areas. Public digital culture development shall be accelerated. Cultural products and services should suit the public's cultural needs. All social sectors are encouraged to take part in the provision of public cultural services. Free access to public cultural installations shall be further encouraged. |
| ——促進(jìn)新興文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，推進(jìn)文化業(yè)態(tài)創(chuàng)新，大力發(fā)展創(chuàng)意文化產(chǎn)業(yè)。完善文化市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入和退出機(jī)制，促進(jìn)文化資源在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)流動(dòng)。 | -- Promoting the development of emerging cultural industries. Innovation shall be encouraged in the forms of cultural operations, and great efforts shall be made to boost the development of creative culture. The cultural market entry-and-exit mechanism shall be improved, and the cultural resources shall be encouraged to flow nationwide. |
| ——構(gòu)建中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承體系。加強(qiáng)對(duì)國(guó)家重大文化和自然遺產(chǎn)地、大遺址、重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位、歷史文化名城名鎮(zhèn)名村的保護(hù)建設(shè)，加大對(duì)非國(guó)有博物館的政策扶持力度。推進(jìn)國(guó)家非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)利用設(shè)施建設(shè)工程和代表性傳承人搶救性記錄工程，實(shí)施國(guó)家非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)傳承人群研修研習(xí)培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃。振興傳統(tǒng)工藝。實(shí)施中華典籍整理工程。 | -- Establishing a dissemination system of China's fine cultural traditions. Protection and development of key state cultural and natural heritage sites, major ruins, key cultural relics protection units, and historic and cultural cities, towns and villages shall be strengthened, and so shall policy support to non-state-owned museums. Efforts shall be made to press forward with the building of facilities for protecting and utilizing state intangible cultural heritages, and implement a research and training program for the inheritors of intangible cultural heritages. Traditional craftsmanship shall be further developed, and the project to collate Chinese classics and records shall be launched. |
| ——全面實(shí)施全民閱讀工程。 | -- Launching a nationwide reading project. |
| ——加強(qiáng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化建設(shè)。城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)光網(wǎng)覆蓋，提供1000兆比特每秒以上接入服務(wù)能力，大中城市家庭用戶帶寬實(shí)現(xiàn)100兆比特每秒以上靈活選擇；98%的行政村實(shí)現(xiàn)光纖通達(dá)，有條件地區(qū)提供100兆比特每秒以上接入服務(wù)能力，半數(shù)以上農(nóng)村家庭用戶帶寬實(shí)現(xiàn)50兆比特每秒以上靈活選擇。實(shí)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)容建設(shè)工程，支持傳統(tǒng)出版資源加快數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)化，提高知識(shí)服務(wù)能力，鼓勵(lì)推出優(yōu)秀網(wǎng)絡(luò)原創(chuàng)作品。 | -- Strengthening the development of the Internet and cyber culture. Fiber-optic networks shall cover all urban areas and provide a connection capacity of 1,000 Mbps, allowing home users of the Internet in medium-sized and large cities to choose from a variety of plans with speeds above 100 Mbps; fiber-optic networks shall cover 98 percent of rural administrative villages, an Internet connection capacity of 100 Mbps shall be available for areas where conditions allow, allowing more than half of rural home users to choose from a variety of plans with speeds above 50 Mbps. An Internet content development project shall be implemented, support shall be extended to the digitalization of traditional publishing resources, the knowledge-services capacity shall be enhanced, and encouragement shall be given to the creation of outstanding original works on the Internet. |
| （八）環(huán)境權(quán)利 | (8) Environmental rights |
| 實(shí)行最嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境保護(hù)制度，形成政府、企業(yè)、公眾共治的環(huán)境治理體系，著力解決大氣、水、土壤等突出環(huán)境問(wèn)題，實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體改善。 | Implementing the strictest possible system of environmental protection, forming an environmental-governance system involving the government, enterprises and the general public, and striving to address such pressing environmental problems as air, water and soil pollution, so as to strive for an overall improvement of the environment. |
| ——切實(shí)落實(shí)環(huán)境保護(hù)法和大氣污染防治法，完善環(huán)境公益訴訟等配套制度。有序推進(jìn)水污染防治法、土壤污染防治法、核安全法等立法規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目進(jìn)程。 | -- Effectively implementing the Law on Environmental Protection and the Law on Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control, and improving environmental public interest litigation and other supporting mechanisms. The pace of legislation for water and soil pollution prevention and control, and nuclear safety shall be promoted in an orderly manner. |
| ——堅(jiān)持不懈治理大氣污染。到2020年，地級(jí)以上城市空氣質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)良天數(shù)比率超過(guò)80%，細(xì)顆粒物（PM2.5）未達(dá)標(biāo)地級(jí)以上城市濃度下降18%，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放總量減少15%。 | -- Sparing no effort to curb air pollution. By 2020 the ratio of days with good air quality in cities above the prefecture level shall exceed 80 percent, the density of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in such cities that have not yet met the required standards shall drop by 18 percent, and the total emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides shall drop by 15 percent. |
| ——強(qiáng)化水污染防治。加大水源地污染治理和流域水污染防治，篩選七大流域優(yōu)控污染物清單。到2020年，達(dá)到或好于Ⅲ類(lèi)水體比例超過(guò)70%，劣Ⅴ類(lèi)水體比例小于5%，地級(jí)以上城市建成區(qū)黑臭水體控制在10%以內(nèi)?；瘜W(xué)需氧量、氨氮排放總量減少10%。地下水超采得到嚴(yán)格控制。 | -- Strengthening water pollution prevention and control. Efforts shall be intensified for pollution prevention and control in water-head areas and river basins, and a list of priority pollutants shall be screened and established for the country's seven major river basins. By 2020 bodies of water at or above the Grade-III level shall surpass 70 percent, with bodies of water at the Grade-V level reduced to 5 percent or less, and black and odorous bodies of water in built-up areas of cities above the prefecture level shall be limited to 10 percent or less. The chemical oxygen demand amount and total emission of ammonia nitrogen shall drop by 10 percent, and excessive exploitation of groundwater shall be brought under strict control. |
| ——制定實(shí)施土壤污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。到2020年，完成200個(gè)土壤污染治理與修復(fù)技術(shù)應(yīng)用試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。建設(shè)6個(gè)土壤污染綜合防治先行區(qū)，受污染耕地治理與修復(fù)面積達(dá)到1000萬(wàn)畝，輕度和中度污染耕地實(shí)現(xiàn)安全利用的面積達(dá)到4000萬(wàn)畝。 | -- Formulating and implementing the Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. By 2020 200 pilot programs shall be completed for the application of soil-pollution control and remedy technologies; six pilot areas of soil-pollution prevention and control shall be built; and area of polluted farmland treated and restored shall reach 10 million mu (less than 700,000 ha), with the area of lightly and moderately polluted farmland treated for safe utilization being 40 million mu (less than 3 million ha). |
| ——加強(qiáng)危險(xiǎn)廢物污染防治。開(kāi)展危險(xiǎn)廢物專(zhuān)項(xiàng)整治。加大重點(diǎn)區(qū)域、有色等重點(diǎn)行業(yè)重金屬污染防治力度。加強(qiáng)有毒有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)環(huán)境和健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估能力建設(shè)。推進(jìn)核設(shè)施安全改進(jìn)和放射性污染防治，強(qiáng)化核與輻射安全監(jiān)管體系和監(jiān)管能力建設(shè)。 | -- Improving hazardous waste pollution prevention and control. Special programs shall be carried out in hazardous waste pollution control, and efforts shall be intensified for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in key areas and key industries such as non-ferrous metals. Capacity building shall be strengthened in environment and health risk assessment of toxic and harmful chemicals. Further efforts shall be made to promote the security improvement of nuclear facilities and prevention and control of radioactive contamination, and strengthen the security supervision system and capacity of nuclear and radioactive materials. |
| ——加強(qiáng)海洋資源環(huán)境保護(hù)。嚴(yán)格控制圍填海規(guī)模，加強(qiáng)海岸帶保護(hù)與修復(fù)，自然岸線保有率不低于35%。實(shí)施陸源污染物達(dá)標(biāo)排海和排污總量控制制度，建立海洋資源環(huán)境承載力預(yù)警機(jī)制。嚴(yán)格控制捕撈強(qiáng)度。加強(qiáng)海洋生態(tài)珍稀物種保護(hù)。實(shí)施海洋督查制度。 | -- Improving the protection of marine resources and environment. Strict control shall be enforced on the scale of sea reclamation, and protection and restoration of coastal belts, seeing to it that at least 35 percent of the country' s shorelines remain in their natural conditions. A system shall be implemented under which terrigenous pollutants shall be treated and meet required standards before they are discharged into the sea and the total amount of waste discharge shall be capped. An early-warning mechanism shall be established in relation to marine resources and environment carrying capacity. Strict control shall be imposed on fishing intensity; protection of rare marine species shall be enhanced; and a marine supervision mechanism shall be implemented. |
| ——推動(dòng)能源結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。到2020年，單位GDP能源消耗降低15%，萬(wàn)元GDP用水量下降23%，非化石能源占一次能源消費(fèi)比重達(dá)15%，單位GDP二氧化碳排放降低18%。 | -- Promoting the improvement and upgrading of the energy structure. By 2020 the energy consumption per unit of GDP shall drop by 15 percent, water usage per RMB10,000 of GDP shall drop by 23 percent, non-fossil energy resources shall make up 15 percent of primary energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emission per unit of GDP shall decrease by 18 percent. |
| ——推進(jìn)生態(tài)建設(shè)。加快生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線劃定，推動(dòng)建立重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單制度。到2020年，森林覆蓋率提高到23%以上，濕地保有量穩(wěn)定在8億畝，自然保護(hù)地占國(guó)有面積穩(wěn)定在17%以上，新增沙化土地治理面積1000萬(wàn)公頃，新增水土流失綜合治理面積27萬(wàn)平方公里，國(guó)家森林城市達(dá)到200個(gè)，全國(guó)80%以上的行政村居民點(diǎn)綠化覆蓋率達(dá)25%以上。健全國(guó)門(mén)生物安全查驗(yàn)機(jī)制，防范動(dòng)植物疫情疫病跨境傳播和外來(lái)物種入侵。 | -- Promoting ecological conservation. The pace of delimiting the "red lines" for ecological conservation shall be accelerated, and efforts shall be made to forge ahead with the establishment of a negative list of industries that are not allowed in key eco-function zones. By 2020 the country's forest coverage shall be raised to 23 percent of its land; the wetland inventory shall be stabilized at 800 million mu (over 53 million ha); and nature reserves shall remain steady at 17 percent of the country's total land area, in addition to another 10 million ha of improved desert land and another 270,000 sq km of land of which soil erosion control has been completed. In addition, the number of national "forest cities" shall increase to 200, and the ratio of green land shall reach 25 percent in over 80 percent of the administrative villages nationwide. A bio-safety inspection mechanism shall be set up at land and sea ports to prevent the spread of plant and animal epidemics and diseases across borders, as well as invasion by alien species. |
| ——完善環(huán)境監(jiān)察體制機(jī)制。推行全流域、跨區(qū)域聯(lián)防聯(lián)控和城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)同治理模式。建立健全排污權(quán)有償使用和交易制度。建立企業(yè)環(huán)境信用記錄和違法排污黑名單制度。健全生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度。 | -- Improving environmental monitoring and supervision mechanisms. A trans-regional governance model shall be enforced for joint environmental prevention and control that covers all river basins and integrates urban and rural efforts. A system for paid use and trading of emission rights shall be established. So shall a system of environmental credit records for enterprises and a blacklist system of illegal waste discharge. The environmental damage compensation system shall be improved. |
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