2015年美國(guó)的人權(quán)紀(jì)錄（全文）
Full text: Human Rights Record of the United States in 2015
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| 國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室14日發(fā)表《2015年美國(guó)的人權(quán)紀(jì)錄》，回應(yīng)美國(guó)政府發(fā)布的“國(guó)別人權(quán)報(bào)告”。全文如下： | The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China published a report titled "Human Rights Record of the United States in 2015" on Thursday. Following is the full text of the report: |
| 2015年美國(guó)的人權(quán)紀(jì)錄 中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室 2016年4月 | Human Rights Record of the United States in 2015 State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China April 2016 |
| 目 錄 | Contents |
| 導(dǎo)言 | Foreword |
| 一、公民權(quán)利遭到肆意侵犯 | I. Wanton Infringement on Civil Rights |
| 二、政治權(quán)利無(wú)法得到應(yīng)有保障 | II. Political Rights Not Safeguarded |
| 三、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)權(quán)利難以有效實(shí)現(xiàn) | III. Economic and Social Rights under Challenge |
| 四、種族歧視變本加厲 | IV. Racial Discrimination Worse Than Ever |
| 五、婦女和兒童權(quán)利堪憂 | V. Missing Rights for Women and Children |
| 六、粗暴侵犯他國(guó)人權(quán) | VI. Gross Violations of Human Rights in Other Countries |
| 導(dǎo)言 | Foreword |
| 美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院于當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間4月13日發(fā)布《2015年國(guó)別人權(quán)報(bào)告》，再一次對(duì)世界各國(guó)人權(quán)狀況妄加置評(píng)，而對(duì)自身存在的嚴(yán)重人權(quán)問(wèn)題卻三緘其口，毫無(wú)反思之意。2015年的美國(guó)人權(quán)，不僅舊的問(wèn)題未得到解決，而且新的問(wèn)題不斷滋生。既然美國(guó)政府不肯拿起鏡子照照自己，那么也只好由別人來(lái)幫助完成了。 | On April 13 local time, the State Department of the United States released its country reports on human rights practices. It made comments on the human rights situation in many countries once again while being tight-lipped about its own terrible human rights record and showing not a bit of intention to reflect on it. In 2015, the United States saw no improvement in its existent human rights issues, but reported numerous new problems. Since the U.S. government refuses to hold up a mirror to look at itself, it has to be done with other people's help. |
| 關(guān)于2015年美國(guó)的人權(quán)紀(jì)錄，以下事實(shí)是鑿鑿在冊(cè)的。 | The following facts about the U.S. human rights situation in 2015 are supported by irrefutable records. |
| ——美國(guó)槍支管理失控，公民生命權(quán)受到嚴(yán)重威脅。槍擊案件頻發(fā)，是2015年美國(guó)留給世人最深刻的印象。截至2015年12月28日，當(dāng)年共發(fā)生槍擊事件51675起，造成13136人死亡、26493人受傷。 | -- The use of guns was out of control in the United States, which severely threatened citizens' right of life. The frequent occurrence of shooting incidents was the deepest impression left to the world concerning the United States in 2015. There were a total of 51,675 gun violence incidents in the United States in 2015 as of December 28, leaving 13,136 killed and 26,493 injured. |
| ——美國(guó)警察暴力執(zhí)法，公民人身安全無(wú)法保障。截至2015年12月24日，警察當(dāng)年共射殺965人，警方濫用權(quán)力的行為并未得到應(yīng)有的追究。巴爾的摩暴發(fā)了“為弗雷迪伸張正義”的抗議活動(dòng)，芝加哥市民為麥克唐納之死舉行了大規(guī)模游行，明尼阿波利斯市的民眾因賈馬爾·克拉克被警察槍殺而包圍警察局。 | -- Citizens' personal security could not be guaranteed with the excessive use of violence by police. Police shot dead 965 people last year as of December 24, and the abuse of power by the police did not result in discipline. "Justice for Freddie" protests were staged in Baltimore, demonstrators in Chicago took to the street to demand justice in the death of Laquan MacDonald, and protesters in Minneapolis camped outside a police precinct after Jamar Clark was shot dead by police. |
| ——美國(guó)監(jiān)獄系統(tǒng)腐敗叢生，嚴(yán)重侵犯囚犯人權(quán)。佛羅里達(dá)州一所監(jiān)獄的獄警將患有精神疾患的囚犯達(dá)倫·萊尼在淋浴間活活燙死。美國(guó)最大的女子監(jiān)獄羅維爾監(jiān)獄的獄警逼迫數(shù)百名女囚賣淫以換取基本的生活物資和保護(hù)，在過(guò)去十年間已有57名囚犯死在了該監(jiān)獄。 | -- The prison system in the United States was plagued by corruption and severely violated inmates' human rights. The guards in a prison in Florida scalded a mentally-ill inmate Darren Rainey to death in hot shower. The guards in Lowell Correctional Institution, the nation's largest women's prison, pressured hundreds of female inmates to barter sex for basic necessities and a shield from abuse, and 57 inmates have died in this prison over the past 10 years. |
| ——美國(guó)金錢政治和家族政治大行其道，公民政治權(quán)利難以得到有效保障。企業(yè)和個(gè)人可以向超級(jí)政治行動(dòng)委員會(huì)無(wú)限額捐款以影響美國(guó)大選，企業(yè)通過(guò)金錢影響政治并獲取巨額回報(bào)。有評(píng)論認(rèn)為，美國(guó)的政治體系已被顛覆為向主要政治捐助者提供回報(bào)的工具。家族出身成為美國(guó)政治中的主導(dǎo)因素，少數(shù)家族和幕后利益集團(tuán)用資金影響選舉。美國(guó)黨派之爭(zhēng)綁架民意，因?yàn)檫x舉利益導(dǎo)致民主黨與共和黨無(wú)法協(xié)調(diào)制定真正符合民意的政策。 | -- Money politics and clan politics were prevailing and the political rights of the citizens were not safeguarded effectively. Companies and individuals were able to donate an unlimited size to super Political Action Committees (super PACs) to influence the presidential election. In this way, corporations could use money to sway politics and reap tremendous returns. There were comments that the political system of the United States had been subverted to be a tool that provided returns to major political donors. Family pedigree had become a primary factor for U.S. politics, with a few families and behind-the-scenes interest groups influencing the election using funds. The popular will was abducted by factionalism in the United States, because the interests involved in election made it unable for the Democratic Party and the Republican Party to coordinate on and work out policies that were in line with the popular will. |
| ——美國(guó)社會(huì)問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重，保障公民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)權(quán)利困難重重。2014年有4670萬(wàn)人處于貧困狀態(tài)。每年至少有4810萬(wàn)人缺乏食物保障。2015年有超過(guò)56萬(wàn)人無(wú)家可歸。79%的美國(guó)人相信更多人會(huì)掉出而不是上升到中產(chǎn)階級(jí)行列。如今，美國(guó)仍有3300萬(wàn)人沒(méi)有醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，4400萬(wàn)受雇于私人部門的勞動(dòng)者無(wú)法享受帶薪病假的權(quán)利，占私人部門勞動(dòng)者總數(shù)的40%。 | -- The lingering problems in U.S. society posed challenges for the country to fulfill its duty of safeguarding the economic and social rights of U.S. citizens. In 2014, there were 46.7 million people in poverty in the United States. Every year, at least 48.1 million people were classed as "food insecure." In 2015, more than 560,000 people nationwide were homeless. Seventy-nine percent of Americans believed it was more common for people to fall out of the middle class than rise up to it. There were still 33 million people in the United States with no healthcare insurance, and 44 million private-sector workers, about 40 percent of the total, did not have access to paid sick leaves. |
| ——美國(guó)種族矛盾尖銳，種族關(guān)系處于近20年來(lái)最差時(shí)期。61%的美國(guó)人認(rèn)為美國(guó)的種族關(guān)系糟糕。執(zhí)法司法領(lǐng)域是種族歧視的重災(zāi)區(qū)。88%的非洲裔美國(guó)人相信自己受到警察不公正對(duì)待，68%的非洲裔美國(guó)人認(rèn)為刑事司法體系存在種族歧視。非洲裔美國(guó)人擁有的財(cái)富僅為白人的十二分之一，拉美裔為十一分之一。有評(píng)論認(rèn)為，對(duì)于許多非洲裔和拉美裔美國(guó)家庭而言，美國(guó)夢(mèng)仍然遙不可及。 | -- Racial conflict was severe in the United States, with race relations at their worst in nearly two decades. Sixty-one percent of Americans characterized race relations in the United States as "bad." Law enforcement and justice fields were heavily affected by racial discrimination, with 88 percent of African-Americans believing they were treated unfairly by police, and 68 percent of African-Americans believing the American criminal justice system was racially biased. Whites had 12 times the wealth of blacks and nearly 10 times more than Hispanics. It was said that the American Dream remained out of reach for many African-American and Hispanic families. |
| ——美國(guó)婦女狀況不斷惡化，兒童成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境堪憂。全職女性與全職男性2014年的年薪收入比為79∶100。過(guò)去十年內(nèi)貧困婦女比例從12.1%上升至14.5%。國(guó)際勞工組織指出，美國(guó)是唯一沒(méi)有立法明確規(guī)定婦女帶薪產(chǎn)假的工業(yè)化國(guó)家。23%的大學(xué)本科女生遭受性騷擾或性侵犯。2015年每個(gè)月至少發(fā)生兩起校園槍擊案，幾乎每周都有兩個(gè)孩子遭受意外槍擊死亡，在美國(guó)15歲以上因傷死亡的青少年中有四分之一死于槍擊事件。約1740萬(wàn)由單親媽媽撫養(yǎng)的兒童中45%生活在貧困線以下。約五分之一的兒童生活在食品保障不足的家庭。 | -- The situation for American women was deteriorating and children were living in worrisome environment. In 2014, women in the United States were paid 79 cents for every dollar paid to men. The percentage of women in poverty increased from 12.1 percent to 14.5 percent over the past decade. The United Nations' International Labor Organization said that the United States was the only industrialized nation with no overall law for cash benefits provided to women during maternity leave. A total of 23 percent of undergraduate women said they were victims of non-consensual sexual contact. There were at least two school shootings a month in 2015 and almost two children were killed every week in unintentional shootings. About a quarter of the teenagers above 15 years old who died of injuries in the United States were killed in gun-related incidents. About 17.4 million children under the age of 18 were being raised without a father and 45 percent lived below the poverty line. About one fifth of all U.S. children lived in food-insecure households. |
| ——美國(guó)仍在公然粗暴侵犯他國(guó)人權(quán)，視他國(guó)生命如草芥。美國(guó)在伊拉克和敘利亞的空襲行動(dòng)炸死數(shù)千平民。美國(guó)在巴基斯坦和也門肆意開(kāi)展無(wú)人機(jī)襲擊，造成數(shù)百平民死亡。美軍2015年10月3日對(duì)阿富汗昆都士“無(wú)國(guó)界醫(yī)生”組織醫(yī)院野蠻空襲，42人慘遭殺害。美國(guó)政府無(wú)視國(guó)際社會(huì)的強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)，仍未關(guān)閉建立14年之久的關(guān)塔那摩監(jiān)獄，至今仍有近100人在被任意拘留多年且未經(jīng)審判的情況下繼續(xù)被羈押。 | -- The United States still brazenly and brutally violated human rights in other countries, treating citizens from other countries like dirt. Air strikes launched by the United States in Iraq and Syria killed thousands of civilians. The United States also conducted drone attacks in Pakistan and Yemen indiscriminately, causing hundreds of civilian deaths. On October 3, 2015, the U.S. military bombed a hospital operated by "Doctors Without Borders" in the city of Kunduz in Afghanistan, in which 42 people were killed. Defying international condemnation, the United States still did not close the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, which had been running for 14 years and still locked up nearly 100 people who had been under arbitrary detention for years without trial. |
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