李克強(qiáng)在全國推進(jìn)簡政放權(quán)放管結(jié)合職能轉(zhuǎn)變工作電視電話會(huì)議上的講話
Full text of Chinese Premier's teleconference address on streamlining administration procedures, cutting red tape
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| 5月12日，國務(wù)院在北京召開推進(jìn)簡政放權(quán)放管結(jié)合職能轉(zhuǎn)變工作電視電話會(huì)議。中共中央政治局常委、國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)發(fā)表講話。[新華社 王曄 攝] Chinese Premier Li Keqiang attends a national teleconference on May 12, 2015, in Beijing to discuss streamlining administration procedures and scaling back government controls to boost the country's economic vitality. [Xinhua] |
![5月12日，國務(wù)院在北京召開推進(jìn)簡政放權(quán)放管結(jié)合職能轉(zhuǎn)變工作電視電話會(huì)議。中共中央政治局常委、國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)發(fā)表講話。[新華社 王曄 攝]](http://images.china.cn/site1007/2015-05/25/001ec949ff5c16cd1f3d49.jpg "5月12日，國務(wù)院在北京召開推進(jìn)簡政放權(quán)放管結(jié)合職能轉(zhuǎn)變工作電視電話會(huì)議。中共中央政治局常委、國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)發(fā)表講話。[新華社 王曄 攝]")
簡政放權(quán) 放管結(jié)合 優(yōu)化服務(wù) 深化行政體制改革 切實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能 | Streamline Administration, Delegate Power, Strengthen Regulation and Improve Service to Deepen Administrative Reform and Transform Government Functions |
| 這次會(huì)議的主要任務(wù)，就是回顧總結(jié)兩年多來簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變情況，部署下一階段的重點(diǎn)工作，把改革推向縱深。 | The major tasks of this conference?are to review and summerize the situation of streamlining administration, delegating power, strengthening regulation and transforming government functions over the past two years and more, and deploy key tasks for the next phase to further deepen the reform. |
| 一、深化行政體制改革、轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，是促進(jìn)發(fā)展的強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力和重要保障 | I. To deepen administrative reform and transform government functions are a strong driving force behind and an important guarantee for development. |
| 黨的十八大以來，以習(xí)近平同志為總書記的黨中央對深化行政體制改革提出了明確要求。十八屆二中全會(huì)指出，轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能是深化行政體制改革的核心。十八屆三中全會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)，經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的核心問題是處理好政府和市場的關(guān)系，使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發(fā)揮政府作用。本屆政府成立伊始，開門辦的第一件大事就是推進(jìn)行政體制改革、轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，把簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合作為“先手棋”。長期以來，政府對微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行干預(yù)過多、管得過死，重審批、輕監(jiān)管，不僅抑制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展活力，而且行政成本高，也容易滋生腐敗。推進(jìn)簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合，就是解決這些突出矛盾和問題的關(guān)鍵一招，也緊緊抓住了行政體制改革和經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的核心，把握了完善社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、加強(qiáng)社會(huì)建設(shè)的要害?？梢哉f，這項(xiàng)改革是“牛鼻子”，具有牽一發(fā)動(dòng)全身的重要作用。 | To transform government functions lies at the core of administrative reform. Economic reform is essentially about striking a balance between the government and the market by enabling the market to play a decisive role in resources allocation and the government to function better. The first task this government undertook after taking office is to advance administrative reform and transform government functions, with streamlining administration, delegating power and strengthening regulation being the first moves. For years, excess intervention and stifling supervision by the government over microeconomic activities as well as too much emphasis on review and approval to the neglect of regulation have sapped economic vitality, incurred high administrative costs and provided breeding grounds for corruption. To streamline administration, delegate power and strengthen regulation is a crucial step to address these acute problems. It tackles the crux of administrative and economic reform and what matters the most in improving the socialist market economy and enhancing social development. It is fair to say that this reform is right at the heart of all reforms with wide-ranging implications. |
| 兩年多來，簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合工作取得明顯成效。國務(wù)院部門共取消或下放行政審批事項(xiàng)537項(xiàng)，本屆政府承諾減少三分之一的目標(biāo)提前兩年多完成。投資核準(zhǔn)事項(xiàng)中央層面減少76%，境外投資項(xiàng)目核準(zhǔn)除特殊情況外全部取消。工商登記實(shí)行“先照后證”，前置審批事項(xiàng)85%改為后置審批；注冊資本由實(shí)繳改為認(rèn)繳，企業(yè)年檢改為年報(bào)公示。資質(zhì)資格許可認(rèn)定和評比達(dá)標(biāo)表彰事項(xiàng)大幅減少。中央層面取消、停征、減免420項(xiàng)行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)和政府性基金，每年減輕企業(yè)和個(gè)人負(fù)擔(dān)近千億元。在放權(quán)的同時(shí)，采取措施加強(qiáng)事中事后監(jiān)管。地方各級政府認(rèn)真貫徹中央決策部署，積極做好“接、放、管”工作。有些省份進(jìn)展較快，行政審批事項(xiàng)取消和下放比例超過一半、最高的達(dá)70%，有的省級非行政許可已全面取消。 | Over the past two years and more, notable results have been achieved in streamlining administration, delegating power and strengthening regulation. State Council agencies have canceled or delegated administrative approval power for 537 items, meeting two years ahead of schedule the pledged target of cutting the number of items requiring administrative approval by one third within the term of this government. The number of investment projects subject to central government approval is down by 76%. All overseas investment projects but for a few exceptional cases can now proceed without administrative approval. For companies seeking registration, they can have their business licenses issued to them before getting administrative permits; 85% of the matters that once needed pre-registration approval now only require post-registration approval; with regard to capital registration, the paid-in capital scheme has been replaced with a pledged capital scheme; and annual business inspections have been canceled in favor of annual information disclosure. The number of qualification accreditation and performance appraisal has been cut dramatically. At the central government level, 420 administrative fees and government managed funds have been abolished or reduced, relieving businesses and individuals of their financial burden by nearly 100 billion yuan every year. While delegating power, the government has taken measures to strengthen regulation both during and after projects. Local governments at all levels are earnestly implementing the decisions and plans of the central government and stepping forward to take over, delegate or fulfill responsibilities accordingly. Some provinces have moved faster in this regard, canceling or delegating administrative approval power for over half or, in the highest case, 70% of the matters. In some provinces, non-administrative approval has even become something of the past. |
這一系列改革舉措有力解放和發(fā)展了生產(chǎn)力，激發(fā)了市場活力和社會(huì)創(chuàng)造力，促進(jìn)了穩(wěn)增長、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生，也推動(dòng)了政府治理能力提升和廉政建設(shè)，取得了一舉多得的成效。新增市場主體呈現(xiàn)“井噴式”增長，去年達(dá)1293萬戶，其中新注冊企業(yè)增長45.9%；盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩，但城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)仍達(dá)到1322萬人。今年一至四月份，新注冊企業(yè)繼續(xù)保持每天1萬戶，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)445萬人。這兩年，在國內(nèi)外形勢錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜、我國經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大的情況下，我們沒有采取短期強(qiáng)刺激措施，而是創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控方式，全面深化改革，使經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行保持在合理區(qū)間，就業(yè)連創(chuàng)歷史新高，增長速度在世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體中名列前茅，其中簡政放權(quán)等改革紅利的釋放發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。 | These reform measures have achieved multiple purposes. They have effectively emancipated productivity, unleashed market vitality and social creativity, helped with efforts to stabilize growth, adjust economic structure and improve people's livelihood, and facilitated the government in building governance capacity and a cleaner government. New market players have mushroomed, reaching 12.93 million last year with a 45.9% increase in the number of newly registered businesses. Despite the economic slowdown, 13.22 million new jobs were created in cities and townships. In the first four months of this year, the number of newly registered businesses grew by 10,000 every day on average and 4.45 million urban jobs were added. Over the last two years, faced with complicated domestic and external developments and growing downward pressure on the economy, we did not resort to massive short-term stimulus. Rather, we innovated the way we regulate the macro economy and deepened reform in all respects. As a result, the economy has continued to run within a reasonable range; records for job creation have been repeatedly set and broken; and the Chinese economy has remained among the fastest-growing major economies in the world. This is largely attributable to the effect of reforms including those to streamline administration and delegate power. |
簡政放權(quán)等改革雖初見成效，但與人民群眾的期待和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展要求相比，還有很大差距。一方面，政府一些該放的權(quán)還沒有放，手伸得還是太長；另一方面，已出臺的簡政放權(quán)措施尚未完全落實(shí)到位，“中梗阻”現(xiàn)象大量存在，“最后一公里”還沒有完全打通。當(dāng)然，“最先一公里”也存在問題。這里面既有思想認(rèn)識不到位、管理方式不適應(yīng)的原因，也有地方和部門利益在作梗。企業(yè)和基層反映，不少審批事項(xiàng)只是換了個(gè)“馬甲”，從明的轉(zhuǎn)成暗的、從上面轉(zhuǎn)到下面、從政府轉(zhuǎn)到與政府有關(guān)的中介，審批服務(wù)中的各種“要件”、程序、環(huán)節(jié)等還是關(guān)卡林立。比如，穩(wěn)增長必須發(fā)揮投資的關(guān)鍵作用，而當(dāng)前投資仍處于下行狀態(tài)，像重大水利工程、中西部鐵路、棚戶區(qū)改造、城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等，有的項(xiàng)目批了，中央投資也到位了，但就是遲遲開不了工，錢也花不出去。到3月底，地方國庫庫存余額創(chuàng)歷史同期最高水平。其中有不作為的問題，但確實(shí)還有審批慢、審批難、環(huán)節(jié)多的問題，影響了投資進(jìn)度。同時(shí)不少群眾反映，辦事還是存在難與慢，部門之間經(jīng)常扯皮，這個(gè)章那個(gè)證還是很多，經(jīng)常被折騰來折騰去。比如，商事制度改革實(shí)現(xiàn)了“先照后證”，有些人反映拿了照以后還是碰到層層阻礙。缺一個(gè)“證”，企業(yè)就運(yùn)行不了。一些誰聽了都會(huì)覺得荒唐的“證”仍然存在。其實(shí)不只是普通群眾，就是今天參加會(huì)議的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部，離開你管的“一畝三分地”，自己或家屬辦事也會(huì)遇到諸如此類的不少難題。另外，從國際比較來看，世界銀行發(fā)布了全球2015年?duì)I商環(huán)境報(bào)告，我國雖比上年上升3位，但在189個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體中仍排在第90位，主要原因還是各類行政審批等管制措施太多。名目繁多、無處不在的審批“當(dāng)關(guān)”、證明“圍城”、公章“旅行”、公文“長征”，對個(gè)人來說，耗費(fèi)的是時(shí)間和精力，增添的是煩惱和無奈；對企業(yè)來說，浪費(fèi)的是人力和物力，貽誤的是市場機(jī)遇；對社會(huì)來說，削弱的是公平和公正，擠壓的是創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新空間，尤其是抑制勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率提高；對黨和政府來說，影響的是形象和威信，挫傷的是人心民意。對此，如果不努力加以改變，束縛社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，損害的是全體人民的共同利益，延誤的是中華民族的偉大復(fù)興進(jìn)程。 | Reforms to streamline administration and delegate power have produced initial results, but they fall far short of what is expected by our people and what is needed by economic and social development. For one thing, the government, which still tends to overreach itself, has yet to relinquish power to the necessary extent. What's more, measures aimed at streamlining administration and delegating power are yet to be implemented fully. While obstruction abounds in the middle of implementation, there are also problems with both the first and the last miles in implementation, so to speak. This is partly due to the absence of the right mindset and management modality. It also has something to do with resistance from local and departmental vested interests. Businesses and members of the public complain that quite a few matters still need review and approval, only in a different form. The once explicit requirement for government approval has morphed into an implicit requirement for approval from intermediaries with government background. There remain multitudes of documents to be submitted for review and approval and a raft of procedures to go through. For many, the process of getting something done remains lengthy and difficult, because agencies are in the habit of shirking responsibilities to each other, seals and certificates of one kind or another are still a must, and there is a lot of toing and froing. Take the business registration reform for example. It is true that companies are now able to obtain a business license without first acquiring an administrative permit. But even with a license in hand, many people keep running into all sorts of difficulties, and sometimes they cannot get their businesses up and running simply because of a single missing permit, whose requirement may sound rather ridiculous. As a matter of fact, this can happen to officials present at today's conference as well as ordinary people. I believe you or your family members would encounter many of the above-mentioned problems in areas outside your purview. In the global context, according to the 2015 World Bank Doing Business Report, China ranks 90th out of 189 economies, though three places higher than last year. Too many restrictions like administrative approval are largely to blame. The ubiquitous requirement for approval, certificates, seals and documents of various types is a waste of time and energy for any individual and a source of fret and frustration. It consumes the human and material resources of a company and costs it market opportunities. It undermines justice and equity of a society, dampens entrepreneurship and innovation and, worst of all, suppresses productivity. It impairs the image and authority of a government and affects public mood and opinion. If no steps are taken to remove these constraints on social productivity, the shared interests of the entire Chinese population will suffer and the process of the great national rejuvenation of China will be held up. |
| 在新的歷史時(shí)期，深化簡政放權(quán)等改革，不是權(quán)宜之計(jì)，而是既利當(dāng)前又惠長遠(yuǎn)，具有多方面的重大意義和作用。實(shí)現(xiàn)“雙中高”目標(biāo)，需要靠深化簡政放權(quán)等改革培育新動(dòng)能。當(dāng)前，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇進(jìn)程艱難曲折、復(fù)雜多變。我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)，“三期疊加”矛盾逐步凸顯，到了爬坡過坎關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。今年一季度經(jīng)濟(jì)增長也面臨很多困難。但我們從去年下半年以來采取的定向調(diào)控措施逐步見效，一定程度上對沖了經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力。當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行總體平穩(wěn)，一些方面出現(xiàn)向好的趨勢，比如調(diào)查失業(yè)率4月份有所降低，工業(yè)也在回升。但有一些方面壓力還比較大，比如投資還在繼續(xù)下行。我們必須采取更有力的措施，把向好的趨勢鞏固住，把下行的壓力頂住。這從根本上講還要靠簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)。我們有信心有能力使經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行保持在合理區(qū)間，完成今年主要目標(biāo)任務(wù)，并在較長時(shí)期內(nèi)保持經(jīng)濟(jì)中高速增長、邁向中高端水平。我們這個(gè)底氣來自于我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的巨大潛力、韌性和回旋余地。只要我們堅(jiān)定不移地深化改革，打造好“雙引擎”，就能進(jìn)一步形成更為強(qiáng)勁而持久的發(fā)展動(dòng)力，促進(jìn)中國新一輪經(jīng)濟(jì)“破繭成蝶”、行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)。構(gòu)建開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)新體制，需要靠深化簡政放權(quán)等改革提供支撐。隨著國際經(jīng)貿(mào)格局深刻調(diào)整和我國資源要素條件變化，我們傳統(tǒng)的競爭優(yōu)勢在弱化。當(dāng)前國際市場低迷，我國進(jìn)出口增長壓力很大。因此，我們必須加快構(gòu)建開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)新體制，建設(shè)面向全球的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自貿(mào)區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和國際化、法治化營商環(huán)境，探索實(shí)行準(zhǔn)入前國民待遇和負(fù)面清單管理模式，培育和擴(kuò)大國際合作競爭新優(yōu)勢。這對政府工作的核心要求，就是簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)。我到上海等四個(gè)自貿(mào)區(qū)都去看過，他們最主要的措施就是簡政放權(quán)，讓企業(yè)能夠在自貿(mào)區(qū)內(nèi)迅速登記，投資項(xiàng)目能較快落地。提高政府治理能力，需要靠深化簡政放權(quán)等改革“修枝壯干”。政府有所不為方能更好有所為。只有進(jìn)一步把該放的權(quán)放掉、把不該管的事交出，集中力量把該管的事管好、該服務(wù)的服務(wù)到位，才能有效推進(jìn)政府的治理創(chuàng)新，更好地遂民意、促發(fā)展、利和諧。 | Under the new historical circumstances, reform measures such as streamlining administration and scaling back administrative power are no expediency but important steps that both deliver short-term benefits and meet long-term needs. To realize the dual objectives of maintaining a medium-high-level growth rate and moving toward a medium-high-level of development, we need to foster new growth drivers through such reform as streamlining administration and scaling back administrative power. With a fluid situation, the world economic recovery is an uphill journey. The Chinese economy has entered a state of "new normal" and a critical stage where we need to deal simultaneously with slower economic growth, difficult structural adjustments, and the impacts of previous economic stimulus measures. In the first quarter this year, the economy faced many headwinds, but thanks to the targeted regulation measures we adopted since the second half of last year, the downward pressure has been somewhat offset. Now the economic performance is stable on the whole, with positive trends seen in some aspects. For instance, the surveyed unemployment rate dropped in April and industry has been rebounding. But still we are under considerable pressure in other aspects, for example investment is further decreasing. We must roll out more effective measures to sustain the upward momentum and resist the downward pressure. Fundamentally speaking, this requires the government to streamline administration and scale back its administrative power, ease restrictions and strengthen regulation where necessary, and improve services. We have both the confidence to keep the economic performance within a proper range, and the capability to reach the main goals for this year and maintain medium-high rate and level of growth for a fairly long time to come. We are confident because the Chinese economy has big potential, strong resilience, and ample space for readjustment. As long as we stay committed to deepen reform and strengthen the twin engines for economic growth, we will build up stronger and longer lasting force for development, and through hard efforts, bring about a new round of stable and enduring growth for the Chinese economy. Streamlining administration and scaling back administrative power is also essential for building a new system for an open economy. With profound adjustment in the global economic landscape and changing conditions of resource and production factors, our traditional competitive strengths are waning. Weak demand in the international market means heavy pressure for our imports and exports to grow. Therefore, we must speed up the building of an open economy and develop a network of high-standard free trade zones open to all other countries and an international and law-based business environment. We must explore the use of a management model based on pre-establishment national treatment and a negative list, foster and expand new competitive strengths in international cooperation. To achieve these, it is essential for the government to streamline administration and scale back administrative power, lift or exercise regulation where necessary and provide better services. I visited the four free trade zones, including the one in Shanghai. A major feature of them is streamlined administration and devolved administrative power that enable companies to get registered and investment projects to get started more quickly. To improve governance capacity, the government needs to deepen such reform as streamlining administration and scaling back administrative power. The government should withdraw from certain areas as needed so as to do a better job where its role is duly required, just as "cutting off extra branches and leaves helps to make the trunk stronger", so to speak. Only when the government further delegates power where necessary, focuses on where regulation is needed, and provides adequate services, can it be possible for us to come up with new practices in governance, and better meet people's will, promote development and facilitate social harmony. |
| 特別是推進(jìn)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新，需要靠深化簡政放權(quán)等改革清障搭臺。歷史是人民創(chuàng)造的，國家的繁榮進(jìn)步來自于人民創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)揮。我們黨的群眾路線是一切為了群眾、一切依靠群眾。我們提出推進(jìn)“雙創(chuàng)”，就是著眼于尊重人民群眾的主體地位，充分發(fā)揮人民群眾的無限創(chuàng)造力，讓他們平等參與現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程、共同分享改革紅利和發(fā)展成果。 | To encourage all people to start their own business and make innovation, we need to streamline administration and scale back administrative power, reform that will remove obstacles and set a proper stage. History is created by the people, and a country's prosperity and progress must be driven by its people's creativity. By encouraging our people to become entrepreneurs and innovators, we hope to leverage their role as the masters of the country and their unlimited creativity so that our people can all participate in modernization and share in the benefits of reform and the fruits of development. |
| ——推進(jìn)“雙創(chuàng)”，既是發(fā)展的動(dòng)力之源，也是富民之道、公平之計(jì)、強(qiáng)國之策，是建設(shè)中國特色社會(huì)主義題中應(yīng)有之義。讓群眾起來搞創(chuàng)業(yè)、以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動(dòng)就業(yè)，可以不斷增加收入、擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，還能使其在創(chuàng)造財(cái)富過程中實(shí)現(xiàn)精神追求和人生價(jià)值。這也是逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕的必由之路，因?yàn)榭s小收入分配差距，僅靠“二次分配”是不夠的，主要得靠“一次分配”讓更多的人富起來。實(shí)踐證明，哪個(gè)地方創(chuàng)業(yè)的環(huán)境好、創(chuàng)業(yè)的人數(shù)多，哪個(gè)地方的經(jīng)濟(jì)就充滿活力、居民收入就高、貧富差距也就小。我們倡導(dǎo)萬眾創(chuàng)新，形成全社會(huì)的創(chuàng)新文化，這樣創(chuàng)新的土壤就更為深厚，創(chuàng)新的動(dòng)力就更為強(qiáng)勁，創(chuàng)新的效應(yīng)也更為巨大。推進(jìn)“雙創(chuàng)”，不僅有利于增強(qiáng)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)“硬實(shí)力”，而且有利于提升國家“軟實(shí)力”。“雙創(chuàng)”著眼于實(shí)現(xiàn)廣大人民群眾的根本利益，有效契合了每個(gè)勞動(dòng)者的內(nèi)在需求。一個(gè)創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新蔚然成風(fēng)的國家，必然是昂揚(yáng)向上、充滿活力和希望的。 | - Encouraging start-ups and innovation will boost development, increase people's wealth, promote social equity and strengthen the country. It is therefore an integral part in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. To encourage start-ups is conducive to creating more jobs, increasing people's income and boosting domestic demand. At the same time, it enables people to live a more fulfilling life. It is also the surest way to realize common prosperity for our people. Redistribution alone is not enough to narrow the income gap. Primary distribution should be the main approach to enable more people to get rich. Reality on the ground already shows that where there is a more enabling business environment and a larger number of start-ups, the local economy will be more vibrant, income higher and wealth gap smaller. We now encourage the general public to make innovation. This is intended to foster a culture of innovation in our society. In such a society, we will have more fertile soil for innovation, a stronger push for innovation and a greater impact from innovation. To encourage start-ups and innovation by the public will enhance not only the "hard power" of the national economy but also the soft power of the country. It serves the fundamental interests of the public and meets the needs of each and every worker. A country where start-ups and innovation thrive must be one of promise, energy and progress. |
| ——推進(jìn)“雙創(chuàng)”，不僅限于個(gè)人和新生企業(yè)，現(xiàn)有企業(yè)包括大企業(yè)也要通過不斷創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新來保持活力和競爭力?？纯茨切╅L盛不衰的企業(yè)，哪一個(gè)不是與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、經(jīng)歷過多次創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新的？否則，它的事業(yè)早就可能走到盡頭了。近年來，有些大企業(yè)積極順應(yīng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展和消費(fèi)個(gè)性化趨勢，對管理模式進(jìn)行再造，將傳統(tǒng)的層級管控組織重塑為新型創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新平臺，讓員工成為創(chuàng)客，并將平臺向外部開放，創(chuàng)客在這個(gè)平臺上孕育產(chǎn)生的“奇思妙想”，既可以自己用，也可以與外邊合作開發(fā)，使企業(yè)變成一個(gè)大的創(chuàng)新資源聚集之地。這樣，帶動(dòng)的配套中小企業(yè)更多了，創(chuàng)新能力更強(qiáng)了，產(chǎn)品更豐富了。企業(yè)推進(jìn)創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新是大有可為的。 | - Encouraging start-ups and innovation is not just relevant for individuals and newly established companies. In fact, well-established companies, including the bigger ones, should also keep their vitality and competitiveness through entrepreneurship and innovation. Just have a look at those successful companies with staying power. With no exception, they are the ones who keep up with the times and constantly innovate and forge ahead. Otherwise, they would have closed down a long time ago. In recent years some big companies have recognized the trend of Internet development and personalized consumption, and remade their management model. They have reshaped the traditional hierarchical management model into new platforms for their employees to pursue entrepreneurship and innovation. Such platforms are also open to the society. Employees can apply the novel ideas nurtured on such platforms in their own work or with a third party. As such, the company has thus become a big hub of resources for innovation. It can support more small- and medium-sized companies, boasts stronger capacity for innovation and can deliver more diverse products. There is a great deal that businesses can do in tapping their entrepreneurship and innovation. |
| ——推進(jìn)“雙創(chuàng)”，我們有得天獨(dú)厚的條件。我國有13億多人口、9億勞動(dòng)力，目前勞動(dòng)年齡人口平均受教育年限達(dá)到10年、高于世界平均水平，新增勞動(dòng)力達(dá)到13年、接近中等發(fā)達(dá)國家平均水平，人力資源轉(zhuǎn)化為人力資本的潛力巨大。同時(shí)，我們還有7000多萬市場主體，其中有1800多萬家企業(yè)。廣大人民群眾和市場主體擁有強(qiáng)烈的創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新愿望，但仍有不少有形無形的枷鎖束縛著他們的手腳。必須通過深化簡政放權(quán)等改革，破枷清障、鋪路搭橋，使他們輕裝前進(jìn)、不斷發(fā)展壯大。我們已就深化上海自貿(mào)區(qū)改革進(jìn)行了部署，吸引了大批國內(nèi)創(chuàng)業(yè)者以及金融企業(yè)和中介機(jī)構(gòu)，不少外商也跟進(jìn)了。廣東、天津、福建三個(gè)自貿(mào)區(qū)的體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新也在加快推進(jìn)。這些自貿(mào)區(qū)探索的經(jīng)驗(yàn)要及時(shí)復(fù)制推廣，使我國擁有更好的營商環(huán)境，是外資的最佳選擇地。 | - We have unique strength in encouraging start-ups and innovation. China has over 1.3 billion people, including a 900-million-strong workforce. The average education level of our working-age population is 10 years, higher than the world average. The education level of our newly added workforce has reached 13 years, approaching the average of medium developed countries. There is huge untapped potential for human resources to be turned into human capital. Meanwhile, we also have over 70 million market entities, including over 18 million companies. Our people and market entities have strong desire for entrepreneurship and innovation, but many have been held back by both tangible and invisible restrictions. We therefore must deepen reform to streamline administration and scale back administrative power. This will get rid of the obstacles and enable our people and market entities to travel light and grow stronger. We have mapped out reform plans for the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone, which has attracted a large number of domestic entrepreneurs, financial companies, and intermediaries, as well as foreign companies. Speedy progress is also being made in institutional reform in the free trade zones in Guangdong, Tianjin and Fujian. Experience gathered in these free trade zones must be timely applied to the rest of the country so that China, with an improved business environment, stands out as the most appealing destination for foreign investment. |
| 深化簡政放權(quán)等改革不僅是基于兩年多來的有效實(shí)踐，而且是基于歷史的啟示，特別是我國37年來改革開放內(nèi)在成功邏輯的啟示。中華民族幾千年文明史中有很多優(yōu)秀文化，值得我們借鑒。我在政府工作報(bào)告里講“大道至簡，有權(quán)不可任性”，代表們是贊成的?！抖Y記》“禮運(yùn)篇”說，“大道之行也，天下為公”?！按蟮乐梁啞敝械摹昂啞弊质鞘裁匆馑寄?？《論語》“雍也篇”中講，要“居敬行簡”，可解釋為心里牽掛著百姓，做事有敬畏，但行為是“簡”的，不擾民、不煩民，這是政府應(yīng)該做的。但同時(shí)又講，不能“居簡行簡”，可以解釋說，如果心里沒有百姓，已經(jīng)很“簡”了，再去“行簡”，那就太“簡”、不負(fù)責(zé)任、沒有法度了?？v觀中國歷史，凡盛世往往都用“居敬行簡”的辦法，輕徭薄賦、讓百姓休養(yǎng)生息。而那些衰亡的王朝都是煩民擾民多，所謂苛政猛于虎。黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)以來，我國之所以取得舉世矚目的偉大成就，走的是改革開放之路，“大道至簡”與此是相契合的。其核心內(nèi)容是放開搞活，有力激發(fā)蘊(yùn)藏在人民群眾之中的創(chuàng)造活力。拿當(dāng)年農(nóng)村改革來說，地還是那些地，人還是那些人，就是因?yàn)閷?shí)行家庭承包制，給農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營自主權(quán)，很快就解決了溫飽問題。當(dāng)然放權(quán)不是不管，而是既管也服務(wù)。幾千年的中國歷史和37年的改革開放實(shí)踐證明，管多就會(huì)管死，只有放開才能搞活，從而解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，使人民生活水平不斷提高，政府施政的要義在于以敬民之心行簡政之道。 | The progress achieved in the past two years fully testifies to the effect of deepening reform through streamlining administration and delegating government power. In fact, we have learnt about the importance of such reform from the course of China's history, especially from the success of the reform and opening-up program over the past 37 years. The several-thousand-year-long Chinese civilization provides useful references. In this year's Report on the Work of the Government, I quoted an old Chinese saying that "good governance should be simple in its exercise" and stated that "power should not be used arbitrarily". It was echoed by the deputies to the National People's Congress. My inspiration comes from the ancient Book of Rites, which teaches us that "good governance, when exercised, brings the world together as one community (See Chapter: the Conveyance of Rituals)." And according to the Analects of Confucius, one should "hold the people in reverence and be simple in the measures he takes" when governing the people (see Chapter: Yong Ye). In other words, the job of the government is to keep the people's interests at heart and hold itself accountable to the people at all times while minimizing its intervention and interference in people's lives. The book then goes on to say that "it would be rather unacceptable to be simple both in the way that the government relates to the people and in the measures that it takes." Put simply, if the government exercises power by treating the people as nothing more than just simple subjects, it would be irresponsible and even disrespectful of moral standards. Historically, the prosperity of a dynasty usually came from good simple governance, from freeing the people of levies and taxes to allow them to rest and recover, whereas the decline or demise of a dynasty was usually brought by doing just the opposite, as a bad government, as an old Chinese saying goes, "is more dreadful than a wild tiger." The reform and opening-up process, which began following the Third Plenum of the 11th CPC Central Committee, has led China to remarkable progress. This is one recent example of how good governance, simple in exercise, has achieved the purpose of lifting restrictions and unleashing people's ingenuity by way of reform and opening-up. For instance, rural land reform was conducted in the 1980s with the introduction of the household contract responsibility system, which gave farmers full autonomy in the operation of their land and quickly improved their livelihood. That being said, the delegation of power does not mean zero regulation, but rather better service on the basis of better regulation. China's history over the past several thousand years as well as its 37 years of reform and opening-up shows that over-regulation stifles progress. Only by removing restrictions could we spark creativity, unleash and expand productivity and steadily raise people's living standards. To sum up, the key to good governance is respect for the people and the principle of simplicity in the exercise of government power. |
| 當(dāng)前和今后一個(gè)時(shí)期，深化行政體制改革、轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能總的要求是：簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)協(xié)同推進(jìn)，即“放、管、服”三管齊下，推動(dòng)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新，充分發(fā)揮中央和地方兩個(gè)積極性，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，加快建設(shè)與社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和中國特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)發(fā)展相適應(yīng)的法治政府、創(chuàng)新政府、廉潔政府和服務(wù)型政府，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)政府治理能力現(xiàn)代化。為此，我們要善于借鑒汲取“大道至簡”等優(yōu)秀文化傳統(tǒng)，并結(jié)合新的時(shí)代要求予以發(fā)揚(yáng)光大，放手讓一切勞動(dòng)、知識、技術(shù)、管理、資本的活力競相迸發(fā)，讓一切創(chuàng)造社會(huì)財(cái)富的源泉充分涌流，讓所有社會(huì)成員各得其所、各展其能、機(jī)會(huì)公平，打造經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新引擎，開辟社會(huì)進(jìn)步新天地，營造團(tuán)結(jié)和諧新氣象，使我們的國家始終充滿生機(jī)與活力。 | Our overall goal of deepening administrative reform and transforming government functions is to streamline administration and delegate power, combine power delegation with effective oversight, and improve service all in a coordinated way. Such a three-pronged approach will encourage mass entrepreneurship and innovation and mobilize the initiative at the central and local levels. It will help promote sustained and healthy economic and social development, cultivate a law-based, innovative, clean and service-oriented government at a faster pace to meet the requirement of the socialist market economy and socialism with Chinese characteristics, and eventually build up modern governance capacity. In this process, it is important to learn from the wisdom and fine traditions of our ancestors, such as the belief that "good governance should be simple in exercise", and apply it in the modern-day context to let labor, knowledge, technology, managerial expertise and capital play their full part in invigorating the market, open up all sources of social wealth and give all members of the society an equal opportunity to discover and realize their full potential. By so doing, we will be able to build new engines of growth, create fresh prospects for social progress, unity and harmony and ensure that our nation will always be a place full of vitality and dynamism. |
| 二、推動(dòng)簡政放權(quán)向縱深發(fā)展，進(jìn)一步釋放市場活力和社會(huì)創(chuàng)造力 | II. Push for greater depth in streamlining administration and delegating power to further unleash market vitality and public creativity |
| 深化簡政放權(quán)，既要有勇氣，也要有智慧。改革進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在，要更多觸及深層次矛盾、觸動(dòng)利益的“奶酪”，還要改變原來習(xí)慣的管理方式，很不容易。何況，簡政放權(quán)實(shí)質(zhì)是政府的自身革命，自我削權(quán)限權(quán)就像割自己的肉，更為困難。目前這一改革如同頂風(fēng)逆水搏激流，不僅不進(jìn)則退，慢進(jìn)也會(huì)退。為了國家發(fā)展和人民福祉，為了使經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行保持在合理區(qū)間，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，我們必須以壯士斷腕的決心和勇氣，著力把簡政放權(quán)加快向前推進(jìn)。堅(jiān)決把該“放”的徹底放開、該“減”的徹底減掉、該“清”的徹底清除，不留尾巴、不留死角、不搞變通。同時(shí)，要做好深化簡政放權(quán)的統(tǒng)籌謀劃，因地制宜，講究策略和方法，確保改革順利推進(jìn)和取得更大成效。 | To deepen this reform takes both courage and wisdom. The reform has come to a stage where more deep-lying problems and vested interests will be targeted and the accustomed style of management will be changed. This is by no means an easy task. What makes it even more difficult is that as a self-imposed reform by the government to shed and restrain its own power, to streamline administration and delegate power is just like taking a knife to one's own flesh. This is like sailing upstream against strong headwind. We would get pushed back if no progress is made, or simply if progress is not made fast enough. To ensure national development and people's well-being and sustained and sound economic and social development and that the economy continues to perform in a proper range, we must speed up this reform with utmost determination and courage. We must ensure the thoroughness of the reform without skipping or watering down any step or leaving any issue unaddressed. It is also important to design the reform measures properly and choose the approach and method wisely in light of specific circumstances to ensure smooth progress and greater effectiveness of the reform. |
| 深化簡政放權(quán)，要注重把握好三點(diǎn)：一要開門搞改革。民之所望，施政所向。人民群眾對審批之弊感受最深，對改什么、如何改最有發(fā)言權(quán)。我們要把主要由政府部門“端菜”變?yōu)楦嘤扇嗣袢罕姟包c(diǎn)菜”，以群眾需求為導(dǎo)向、從反映強(qiáng)烈的突出問題入手，確定深化改革的重點(diǎn)、措施和路徑，更為精準(zhǔn)、更加精細(xì)地清除阻礙創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的“堵點(diǎn)”、影響干事創(chuàng)業(yè)的“痛點(diǎn)”和監(jiān)管服務(wù)的“盲點(diǎn)”。二要上下聯(lián)動(dòng)。上下同欲者勝。在簡政放權(quán)這場重大改革中，上下必須協(xié)同推進(jìn)。上級政府在設(shè)計(jì)改革方案時(shí)，要重視聽取下級特別是基層政府的意見，使改革舉措更具可行性、操作性。下級政府在貫徹執(zhí)行上級要求的同時(shí)，要結(jié)合自身實(shí)際制定好落實(shí)的具體辦法。除涉及國家安全、生態(tài)安全和公眾健康等重大公共利益事項(xiàng)外，其他的審批事項(xiàng)原則上要以取消為主。確需下放的，各部門要協(xié)調(diào)同步，把整個(gè)審批鏈全下放，不能你放他不放、責(zé)放權(quán)不放。只要有一個(gè)部門不放，企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)和投資項(xiàng)目就整個(gè)運(yùn)作不起來。因此，有關(guān)部門對確需保留的審批事項(xiàng)，不論是前置還是后置，都要有時(shí)限要求，而且要聯(lián)網(wǎng)、要公開。事項(xiàng)下放到哪一級，要根據(jù)地方各級政府的職責(zé)來確定，不能層層往下甩包袱，最后導(dǎo)致基層接不住。三要由人民群眾和實(shí)踐評判改革成效。群眾和企業(yè)滿意不滿意，實(shí)踐效果如何，是檢驗(yàn)簡政放權(quán)成效的根本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。不能光看你下了多大功夫，數(shù)字上取消下放了多少，關(guān)鍵要看群眾和企業(yè)辦起事來是不是快了、花錢少了、成本低了。 | In deepening this reform, three things are vital. First, the reform must be a transparent process. Our policy must meet the needs of the people. It is the people who feel most deeply about the problems in our review and approval system and know the best what needs to be changed and how reform should proceed. Instead of simply asking the people to accept government decisions, the government should give the people the right to decide. It is their needs and what they feel most strongly about that should be the main focus of the reform. And steps and pathways of the reform should be formulated accordingly. We need more targeted and detailed measures to remove the "choking points" in innovation, "stumbling blocks" in getting things done and "blind spots" in regulation and service. Second, the reform must be carried out in unison between the higher and lower levels of government. As an old Chinese saying goes, "An army wins that unite all its ranks around the same spirit." In the context of this major reform, different levels of government must work closely together. For governments at higher levels, they need to listen to the suggestions from lower levels, the grassroots level in particular, to make the reform plan more feasible and operable. For governments at lower levels, while following through on the instructions from above, it is important to come up with concrete implementation steps suited to the actual circumstances. Except for matters concerning major public interests such as national security, environmental security and public health, the priority should be to reduce matters requiring approval. In cases where power delegation is duly required, different departments need to check with each other to ensure that the entire approval chain is delegated. No department shall cling to the power or simply pass on the responsibility without giving up the final say. Otherwise, any single department that refuses to delegate its power could completely stall a business start-up or investment program. That is why there must be a deadline for any necessary approval, be it before or after registration. The departments must link up their approval system and make relevant information known to the public. To which level should power be delegated shall be determined on the basis of the due responsibilities of local governments instead of passing the buck and simply leaving it to the grassroots-level government which may not be capable of handling the delegated matters. Third, it is up to the public to evaluate the effectiveness of the reform. Ultimately, it is the level of satisfaction of the people and companies and the actual results that should serve as the criteria for our reform efforts. The result should be measured not only by how hard we work or how many approval items we have abolished or delegated, but rather by if it is easier for our people and businesses to get things done with less time, money and energy. |
| 關(guān)于今年的簡政放權(quán)工作，最近國務(wù)院常務(wù)會(huì)議已作出全面部署，各地區(qū)各部門要認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行。為確保落實(shí)到位，必須突出重點(diǎn)、明確時(shí)限、扎實(shí)推進(jìn)。 | Solid efforts should be made to promote streamlined administration and delegate power this year with clearly-set priorities and deadlines. |
| （一）再砍掉一批審批事項(xiàng)，切實(shí)降低就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新門檻。5月底前，全面完成國務(wù)院部門非行政許可審批事項(xiàng)清理工作，今后不再保留這一審批類別。年底前，再取消一批“含金量”高的行政審批、投資項(xiàng)目核準(zhǔn)及前置審批、資質(zhì)資格許可認(rèn)定、評比達(dá)標(biāo)表彰等事項(xiàng)。清理取消中央指定地方實(shí)施的行政審批事項(xiàng)，年底前取消200項(xiàng)以上，為地方放權(quán)進(jìn)一步打開空間。 | (I) Cut down still more review and approval items to earnestly lower the threshold to employment, entrepreneurship and innovation. By the end of May, we will finish sorting out all items requiring non-governmental review and approval by the State Council departments and will thereafter revoke such review and approval category. By the end of the year, we will further revoke some items greater in "value" to society, such as administrative review and approval, review and preliminary approval of investment project, qualification and credential review and certification as well as making performance evaluation, reaching standards, and awarding commendations. By removing by the end of the year over 200 administrative review and approval items as previously designated by the central government for implementation by local governments, we will open greater space for local governments to delegate power. |
| （二）再砍掉一批審批中介事項(xiàng)，切實(shí)拆除“旋轉(zhuǎn)門”、“玻璃門”。要抓緊制定并公布國務(wù)院部門行政審批中介服務(wù)事項(xiàng)清單，精簡中介評估事項(xiàng)。加快摘掉中介機(jī)構(gòu)的“紅頂”，與行政審批部門徹底脫鉤，斬?cái)嗬骀湕l。這里要明確，我們國家中介服務(wù)業(yè)與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比還有很大差距，發(fā)展空間很大，是新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn)。清理規(guī)范中介服務(wù)，不是要限制這個(gè)行業(yè)發(fā)展，而是要通過營造公平競爭環(huán)境，強(qiáng)化服務(wù)職能，使其更好更快發(fā)展。 | (II) Cut down still more review and approval items by intermediaries to truly dismantle the so-called "revolving doors" and "glass doors". We should speed up efforts to formulate and announce a list of intermediary services of administrative review and approval by State Council departments while simplifying procedures for intermediary evaluation. We should completely delink the intermediaries from administrative review and approval agencies so as to cut off the chain of interests between the two. Obviously, China's intermediary services fall far short of those in developed countries, an area that promises great potential as a new growth point. Sorting out and regulating intermediary services should not result in restricting their development. Rather, it is aimed at promoting their better and faster development by creating a level playing field and strengthening their functions of services. |
| （三）再砍掉一批審批過程中的繁文縟節(jié)，切實(shí)方便企業(yè)和群眾辦事。9月底前，國務(wù)院部門要簡化行政審批流程，壓縮前置審批環(huán)節(jié)并公開時(shí)限，推行并聯(lián)審批和網(wǎng)上審批，著力解決環(huán)節(jié)多、時(shí)間長、隨意性大等問題。加快建設(shè)信息共享、覆蓋全國的投資項(xiàng)目在線審批監(jiān)管平臺。6月底前實(shí)現(xiàn)部門間“橫向聯(lián)通”，年底前實(shí)現(xiàn)中央和地方“縱向貫通”。 | (III) Cut down still more red tape in the review and approval process to help the companies and individuals involved. By the end of September, State Council departments should simplify administrative review and approval procedures, reducing the preliminary procedures and making relevant deadlines public, promote integrated and online review and approval, and effectively address problems such as overly complicated and time-consuming procedures and arbitrary conduct in work. We should speed up the establishment of a nationwide information-sharing online platform for the review and oversight of investment projects. It will start operation of connecting all central government departments by the end of June, and of connecting the central and local governments by the end of the year. |
（四）再砍掉一批企業(yè)登記注冊和辦事的關(guān)卡，切實(shí)清除創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新路障。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)工商注冊便利化，年內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)“三證合一”、“一照一碼”。這是對能否破除部門利益的一個(gè)重要檢驗(yàn)。我到地方去調(diào)研，有的已實(shí)現(xiàn)了“三號”變“一碼”，但是只能在當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)施，其他地方還不認(rèn)，遇到不少困難。要盡快在全國實(shí)現(xiàn)“一照一碼”，推動(dòng)全國市場實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一公開透明和公平競爭。繼續(xù)創(chuàng)新優(yōu)化登記方式，實(shí)行“一址多照”和“一照多址”。取消沒有法律法規(guī)依據(jù)、不必要的后置辦證事項(xiàng)。要通過深化商事制度改革，努力使新增企業(yè)數(shù)持續(xù)保持較快增長，新企業(yè)活躍度不斷提高，為穩(wěn)增長、保就業(yè)奠定基礎(chǔ)。 | (IV) Cut down still more registration procedures and other formalities required of enterprises to clear way for entrepreneurship and innovation. To further facilitate business registration, we will, by the end of the year, complete the three-in-one reform by integrating the business license, certificate of organization codes and certificate of taxation registration, and introduce a new social credit code to the enterprises. This is an important test to our ability to break the chain of departmental interests and form a unified nationwide information platform. I have found out from inspection tours that the new social credit code has been in use in some places, but yet to be recognized by other places. Though still difficult to proceed, we should redouble efforts to popularize the new social credit code across the country, so as to put in place a unified, open and transparent national marketplace for all to join in fair competition. We should continue to innovate the registration modality, allowing two or more companies to register at the same address and one company to set up branches while getting registered just once. Such practice as applying for permit after receiving the license, which is unnecessary and required by no law, will be removed. We should deepen business system reform to ensure sustained growth of new companies along with their business dynamism, thus laying a good foundation for a steadily growing economy and employment. |
| （五）再砍掉一批不合法不合規(guī)不合理的收費(fèi)，切實(shí)減輕企業(yè)和群眾負(fù)擔(dān)。收費(fèi)必須規(guī)范。去年以來我們采取了一系列定向調(diào)控措施，包括對小微企業(yè)和“三農(nóng)”等減稅、定向降準(zhǔn)、不對稱降息等，向市場發(fā)出了積極信號，實(shí)踐證明這些措施是有效的。但是如果各種收費(fèi)減不下來，其它措施就是再多，也會(huì)被沖減甚至抵消掉。5月底前，要對收費(fèi)專項(xiàng)清理規(guī)范工作作出部署。年底前，沒有法律法規(guī)依據(jù)且未按規(guī)定批準(zhǔn)、越權(quán)設(shè)立的收費(fèi)基金項(xiàng)目，一律取消。擅自提高征收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、擴(kuò)大征收范圍的，一律停止執(zhí)行。屬于政府提供普遍公共服務(wù)或一般性管理職能的行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)，不適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的政府性基金，沒有法定依據(jù)的行政審批中介收費(fèi)，一律取消。超過服務(wù)成本的收費(fèi)和有較大結(jié)余的基金，一律降低征收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 | (V) Cut down still more unlawful, unregulated and unreasonable fees to truly lessen the burden on companies and individuals. The collection of fees must be regulated. Since last year, we have adopted a number of targeted regulation measures, including tax cuts for small and micro businesses and for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, targeted reduction of the bank required reserve ratio, and asymmetrical reduction of interest rates, thus sending a positive signal to the market. These measures have proven effective. But if the fees remain uncut, then the benefit of measures, no matter how numerous we adopt, would be undermined or even canceled out. By the end of May, we should put in place the special plan to clear up and regulate fees. And by the end of the year, we will make sure that all the fees and funds that have been created and approved without proper authorization and legal basis be completely revoked and practices of arbitrarily increasing or expanding fees be stopped. Administrative fees for ordinary public services or general management functions offered by the government, government-run funds no longer suited for economic development, and intermediary fees for administrative review and approval without legal basis will all be eliminated. And fees that exceed the cost of services and funds with a considerable surplus balance should see their contributions lowered. |
| 政府在減權(quán)放權(quán)的同時(shí)，要以剛性的制度來管權(quán)限權(quán)，厲行法治，依法行政，建設(shè)法治政府。要堅(jiān)持職權(quán)法定原則，加快建立“三個(gè)清單”，劃定政府與市場、企業(yè)、社會(huì)的權(quán)責(zé)邊界。以權(quán)力清單明確政府能做什么，“法無授權(quán)不可為”；以責(zé)任清單明確政府該怎么管市場，“法定職責(zé)必須為”；以負(fù)面清單明確對企業(yè)的約束有哪些，“法無禁止即可為”。通過建立“三個(gè)清單”，依法管好“看得見的手”，用好“看不見的手”，擋住“尋租的黑手”。今年，要基本完成省級政府部門權(quán)力清單的公布，研究推行國務(wù)院部門權(quán)力清單和責(zé)任清單制度并開展試點(diǎn)。 | While reducing and delegating powers, the government should step up the management and restriction of its powers through a strong system, introducing rule of law, enhancing law-based administration, and making itself a law-based government. Honoring the principle that functions and powers are set by law, we should set up the "three lists" quickly, clearly defining the boundary of power and responsibility between the government on the one hand and the market, enterprise and society on the other. With the list of power, the government will know clearly what it can do, and what it cannot do when it comes to things outside the mandate of law. With the list of responsibility, the government will know clearly how it should manage the market, and what it must do as required by law. And with the negative list, companies will know clearly the restrictions they are subjected to, and what they can do outside the confines of law. With the three lists in place, it is easier for us to control the "visible hand" in accordance with law, leverage the "invisible hand", and block the "rent-seeking hand". Within this year, we should basically complete the publication of the power list for the government departments at the provincial level, and conduct studies and pilot programs on the power list and responsibility list for the State Council departments. |
| 三、創(chuàng)新和加強(qiáng)政府管理，使市場和社會(huì)活而有序 | III. Strive for dynamic and orderly market and society by innovating and strengthening governance |
| 深化行政體制改革、轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，不僅要取消和下放權(quán)力，還要改善和加強(qiáng)政府管理，提高政府效能，增強(qiáng)依法全面履職能力，使市場和社會(huì)既充滿活力又規(guī)范有序，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展和社會(huì)公平正義。 | Deepening administrative reform and transforming government functions require not only the removal and delegating of powers, but also improvement and strengthening of governance, with greater government efficiency and stronger government capacity for comprehensively performing duties in accordance with law, so as to ensure both dynamism and order in the market and society, and deliver sustained and healthy economic growth and just and equitable society. |
| 加強(qiáng)市場監(jiān)管，為各類市場主體營造公平競爭的發(fā)展環(huán)境，是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。目前，我國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序還很不規(guī)范。商事制度等改革之后，新的市場主體大批涌現(xiàn)，如果監(jiān)管跟不上，市場秩序混亂現(xiàn)象會(huì)加劇，“劣幣驅(qū)逐良幣”的扭曲效應(yīng)會(huì)放大，嚴(yán)重制約誠實(shí)守信經(jīng)營者和新的市場主體發(fā)展。我到地方調(diào)研，不少企業(yè)包括臺商、外商反映，侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)、坑蒙拐騙等行為，企業(yè)自身難以解決，如果政府把這些問題管住了，企業(yè)的“心頭之痛”就解除了。因此，在大量減少審批后，政府要更多轉(zhuǎn)為事中事后監(jiān)管，切實(shí)把市場管住、管好。這是政府管理方式的重大轉(zhuǎn)變，難度更大、要求更高。各級政府及其工作人員要積極適應(yīng)這一轉(zhuǎn)變，切實(shí)履行好管理職責(zé)。 | The pressing task now is to strengthen market regulation, and create a level playing field for market entities of various types. Currently, China's market economy is far from well-regulated. A large number of new market players have emerged after the reform of the business system. Should market regulation fall short, market disorder could intensify, and the distorted effect of the "bad money driving out the good" would get amplified, and the development of honest and the new market players would be adversely affected. I was told in my local field trips by many, including business people from Taiwan and foreign countries, that companies alone can not resolve such market irregularities as IPR infringements, cheating, swindling and counterfeiting. If the government gets them under control, companies would be relieved of their "pain in the heart". Therefore, after significantly reducing the number of review and approval items, the government should get to the ongoing and ex-post oversight of the market. This represents a major shift of government management style which is harder and more challenging. Governments at all levels, as well as their employees, should adapt themselves to such a shift and earnestly perform their duties of governance. |
| 要轉(zhuǎn)變監(jiān)管理念，強(qiáng)化法治、公平、責(zé)任意識?，F(xiàn)在我們在市場監(jiān)管上，一方面，各種檢查太多，隨意性太大，企業(yè)疲于應(yīng)付，還有不少尋租行為。另一方面，該監(jiān)管的還沒有管或沒有管住、管好。政府監(jiān)管要“居敬行簡”，不擾民、不煩民但法度不缺，制定科學(xué)有效的市場監(jiān)管規(guī)則、流程和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，向社會(huì)公示，使市場主體明曉界限、守法經(jīng)營，并縮小監(jiān)管者自由裁量權(quán)。同時(shí)，要依法開展監(jiān)管，維護(hù)和保障市場公平競爭秩序，當(dāng)好“裁判員”，不犯規(guī)的不去煩擾，輕微犯規(guī)的及時(shí)亮“黃牌”警告，嚴(yán)重犯規(guī)的馬上“紅牌”罰下場。當(dāng)然，裁判要履職盡責(zé)、公平公正執(zhí)法，不能該吹哨的不吹，更不能吹“黑哨”。監(jiān)管者必須受監(jiān)督，要公開信息，健全并嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行監(jiān)管責(zé)任制和責(zé)任追究制。 | We need to improve the supervision approach to place more emphasis on the rule of law, fairness and accountability. The current practice of market supervision entails inspection of too many kinds without clearly defined rules, adding burdens to enterprises and creating room for rent seeking. On the other hand, market behaviors that should be subject to supervision by the government are left in benign neglect. The right approach to supervision requires both strictness and simplicity. The government should minimize intervention in people's lives and put in place a sound legal framework and proper and effective rules, procedures and standards for market supervision and publicize them fully so that market players will know where the line is drawn and carefully observe it. By so doing, the discretionary power of regulators will be slashed. Equally important, the government must carry out supervision in accordance with the law, maintain and safeguard the market order for fair competition. To use a sports metaphor, the government should be a good "referee" - leaving those well-behaved players alone while giving a timely yellow-card warning for minor fouls or a prompt red card for serious foul play. Needless to say, a referee should perform his duty faithfully and enforce the rules in a fair and just manner instead of being negligent or engaging in match-fixing. Regulators must be subject to supervision as well. Relevant information should be made public and a well-defined accountability system for supervision must be enforced. |
| 要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新監(jiān)管機(jī)制和監(jiān)管方式，提高監(jiān)管效能。這兩年，各地積極探索實(shí)踐，積累了很多行之有效的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和做法。要繼續(xù)推進(jìn)監(jiān)管創(chuàng)新。一是實(shí)行綜合監(jiān)管和執(zhí)法。抓緊建立統(tǒng)一的監(jiān)管平臺，把部門間關(guān)聯(lián)的監(jiān)管事項(xiàng)都放到平臺上來，同時(shí)清理整合各類行政執(zhí)法隊(duì)伍，推進(jìn)跨部門、跨行業(yè)綜合執(zhí)法，讓幾個(gè)“大蓋帽”合成一個(gè)“大蓋帽”，形成監(jiān)管和執(zhí)法合力，避免交叉重復(fù)或留空白死角。監(jiān)管和執(zhí)法的結(jié)果應(yīng)公示，并留底備查，陽光是治理監(jiān)管和執(zhí)法不公最有效的手段。二是推廣隨機(jī)抽查監(jiān)管。有些地方和行業(yè)把企業(yè)和監(jiān)管部門人員放在同一平臺上，通過兩次搖號，按一定比例對企業(yè)進(jìn)行抽檢，隨機(jī)確定檢查人員，企業(yè)有了壓力，也減少了監(jiān)管部門尋租機(jī)會(huì)。要抓緊推廣這一做法。三是推進(jìn)“智能”監(jiān)管。積極運(yùn)用大數(shù)據(jù)、云計(jì)算、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等信息化手段，探索實(shí)行“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+監(jiān)管”模式。加快部門之間、上下之間信息資源的開放共享、互聯(lián)互通，打破“信息孤島”。推進(jìn)統(tǒng)一的社會(huì)信用體系建設(shè)，建立信息披露和誠信檔案制度、失信聯(lián)合懲戒機(jī)制和黑名單制度，讓失信者一處違規(guī)、處處受限。四是強(qiáng)化社會(huì)監(jiān)督。暢通投訴舉報(bào)渠道，對舉報(bào)者要給予有足夠吸引力的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)并嚴(yán)格保密。強(qiáng)化企業(yè)首負(fù)責(zé)任，通過倒逼形成層層追溯、相互監(jiān)督機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)行業(yè)自律，鼓勵(lì)同行監(jiān)督。充分發(fā)揮媒體輿論監(jiān)督作用。無數(shù)雙眼睛盯著每一個(gè)角落，就能織就監(jiān)督的“恢恢天網(wǎng)”。 | We need to innovate supervision mechanisms and explore new ways to make supervision more effective. After active experiment over the past two years, local governments have gathered plenty of good experience and practices. Continuous efforts must be made to advance innovation in supervision. First, we need to put in place an integrated system for supervision and law enforcement. We should push ahead the building of a unified supervision platform that covers the entire scope of supervision by all government departments involved. Meanwhile, we need to consolidate administrative law enforcement teams to conduct cross-department and cross-sector law enforcement. The responsibilities of different law enforcement agencies can be merged into one to form synergy in supervision and law enforcement and avoid either overlapping responsibilities or blank spot. The result of supervision and law enforcement should be made public and put on record. After all, the most effective way to deal with unfair supervision and law enforcement is to expose them in the sun light. Second, we will carry out more ad hoc inspections. In some places and sectors, enterprises and regulators involved in inspections are now randomly selected through separate lotteries conducted on the same platform. We will popularize such practices across the country as they both increase pressure on the enterprises and narrow the space for rent seeking. Third, we will advance "smart" supervision. We should actively employ big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things and other information technology to explore an "Internet Plus supervision" model. We should speed up information sharing and connectivity among departments at different levels to remove "isolated islands of information", so to speak. We will put in place a unified social credit system, an information disclosure and credit filing system, and an integrated punishment and black list mechanism so that one dishonest behavior will result in restrictions at every turn. Fourth, we need to strengthen public supervision. We need to have unimpeded channels for public complaints and tip-offs. We should give sufficient incentives to whistle-blowers and keep their identity confidential. Enterprises should bear the primary responsibility in the mutual supervision mechanism that can trace problems to the source. Industry self-regulation and peer review should be strengthened. Media scrutiny should be encouraged. All these efforts will help weave a tight net of supervision where nothing can escape public attention. |
| 四、優(yōu)化政府服務(wù)，更好滿足人民群眾和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展需求 | IV. Improve government services to better meet the need of the people and that of economic and social development |
| 全心全意為人民服務(wù)，是我們黨的根本宗旨，讓老百姓過上好日子，是人民政府的天職。這幾年，各級政府在加強(qiáng)服務(wù)方面花了不少力氣，但公共產(chǎn)品短缺、公共服務(wù)薄弱等問題依然突出。加快解決這一問題，可以有效提升政府服務(wù)能力和水平，也可以增加有效投資、有利于頂住經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力。這要靠深化簡政放權(quán)等改革破除障礙，把市場機(jī)制作用發(fā)揮好。改革的實(shí)效也要從增加公共產(chǎn)品、公共服務(wù)方面來體現(xiàn)。我們要努力通過提供比較充裕的公共產(chǎn)品、優(yōu)質(zhì)高效的公共服務(wù)，使創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新過程更順暢、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之路更通暢、人民群眾心情更舒暢，使整個(gè)社會(huì)更溫馨、更和諧、更有凝聚力和活力。 | It falls upon the government to create conditions for its people to lead a decent life. Despite the tremendous efforts over the years made by governments at all levels, public goods and services remain inadequate. Promptly addressing this challenge will help bring about notable improvement in the capacity and quality of government services and an increase in effective investment, which will help counter the downward pressure on the economy. This calls for deepening reform, such as further streamlining administration and delegating power to remove obstacles and better leverage the role of market forces. The result of the reform can be measured by the rate of increase in public goods and services. By providing sufficient public goods and quality, efficient public services, we want to make entrepreneurship and innovation easier, economic development smoother, our people happier and our society more caring, harmonious, cohesive and dynamic. |
| （一）為大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新提供全方位服務(wù)?！半p創(chuàng)”有利于擴(kuò)大就業(yè)，穩(wěn)增長也是為了保就業(yè)。一是加強(qiáng)政策支持。在降稅清費(fèi)減負(fù)基礎(chǔ)上，要研究出臺一批扶持創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新特別是小微企業(yè)的政策措施。對眾創(chuàng)空間、創(chuàng)新工場等各種孵化器，要在租金、場地、稅費(fèi)等方面給予支持。發(fā)揮財(cái)政資金杠桿作用，采取貼息、補(bǔ)助、創(chuàng)投基金等方式，撬動(dòng)社會(huì)投入；完善投融資機(jī)制，大力發(fā)展風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資、天使投資等投資方式，探索新型商業(yè)模式，多措并舉幫助創(chuàng)業(yè)者解決資金困難問題。二是提供平臺綜合服務(wù)。創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新需要什么服務(wù)，政府就要在這個(gè)平臺上提供什么服務(wù)。強(qiáng)化政策、法律和信息咨詢服務(wù)。加強(qiáng)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)。做好對大學(xué)生的就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)指導(dǎo)服務(wù)和農(nóng)民工的職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)。這些服務(wù)有的政府部門可以直接提供，有的可以向?qū)I(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)購買，有的還要鼓勵(lì)中介組織等積極參與。三是服務(wù)要便捷高效。群眾創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新不易，各級政府及其工作人員要設(shè)身處地為他們著想，提供更加人性化、更富人情味的服務(wù)，態(tài)度要好、手續(xù)要少、速度要快。繼續(xù)辦好政務(wù)服務(wù)中心和辦事大廳，實(shí)行“一個(gè)窗口受理、一站式審批、一條龍服務(wù)”，規(guī)范流程、明確標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、縮短時(shí)間。 | (I) We will provide all-round services for mass entrepreneurship and innovation. This will help create jobs, which is also the aim of promoting stable growth. First, we need to strengthen policy support. We are looking at a series of policy measures in support of entrepreneurship and innovation with a focus on small and micro businesses on top of cutting taxes, slashing fees and reducing corporate burdens. We will provide support in terms of rent, office space, taxes and fees to various incubators such as makerspaces and Innovation Works. We will make government funds available to leverage private input through discounts, subsidies and venture capital funds. We will improve investment and financing mechanisms, develop venture capital, angel investment and other forms of investment, explore new business models and take multi-pronged steps to help entrepreneurs meet their financial needs. Second, we will put in place a platform for comprehensive services on which all the needs for entrepreneurship and innovation will be provided for. We will step up policy, legal and consulting services, better protect intellectual property rights and provide guidance to employment and entrepreneurship for college graduates and vocational training for rural migrant workers. Some of these services can be provided by the government directly, some can be purchased from specialized agencies and some others require the active involvement of intermediaries. Third, we will provide accessible and efficient services. It is already demanding for people to start up companies and make innovations. Governments at all levels and their staff must put themselves in the shoes of entrepreneurs and innovators, provide more tailor-made, thoughtful and speedy services with streamlined procedures. We will continue to offer one-window, one-stop and one-package services at government service centers, set up clearly defined procedures and standards, and shorten the approval time. |
| （二）為人民群眾提供公平、可及的公共服務(wù)。增加公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)供給，政府不能唱“獨(dú)角戲”，要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新機(jī)制，盡可能利用社會(huì)力量，并搞好規(guī)劃、制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、促進(jìn)競爭、加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管。凡是企業(yè)和社會(huì)組織有積極性、適合承擔(dān)的，都要通過委托、承包、采購等方式交給他們承擔(dān)；確需政府參與的，要實(shí)行政府和社會(huì)資本合作模式。即使是基本公共服務(wù)，也要盡量這樣做。政府辦事要盡可能不養(yǎng)人、不養(yǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)，追求不花錢能辦事或少花錢多辦事的效果。這也有利于形成公共服務(wù)發(fā)展新機(jī)制，促進(jìn)民辦教育、醫(yī)療和養(yǎng)老等服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展。我們既要努力提供充裕的公共服務(wù)，更要增強(qiáng)公共服務(wù)的公平性和可及性。要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新服務(wù)方式，最大程度地便民利民。有些服務(wù)事項(xiàng)，最好能讓群眾不出門，通過網(wǎng)上辦理、代辦服務(wù)、上門服務(wù)等方式來完成。如果需要群眾直接來，要提前告知各種要求，力爭來一兩次就辦成。對要求群眾出具的各種“證明”，要清理規(guī)范，能免的就免、能合的就合，確實(shí)需要的，盡可能通過部門之間信息共享和業(yè)務(wù)協(xié)同來核查解決。各級政府及其工作人員都要有這樣一個(gè)服務(wù)理念，就是寧可自己多辛苦，也要讓群眾少跑路。 | (II) We will provide fair and accessible public services to the people. Providing more public goods and services is not the one-man show of the government. We should introduce institutional innovation, use all the possible support of the society and make sure there is sound planning, standards, competition and stronger oversight. Enterprises and public organizations should be given the responsibility in whatever areas they have the interest and expertise, by way of authorization, contracting and purchase. For those services where government involvement is truly needed, there should be public-private partnership. This should also be applied whenever possible to the provision of basic public services. The government should try its best not to add staff or institutions and strive to do more with less. This will be conducive to the formation of a new public services mechanism and to the growth of privately-run service sectors in education, health care and old-age care. While working hard to provide sufficient public services, we should improve the fairness and accessibility of such services. We need to innovate the ways of delivering services to bring the greatest possible convenience and benefit to the people. It will be ideal if some services can be handled online, or by proxy or delivered to the doorstep which saves people the time of visiting government bureaus. When people do need to go to government bureaus, they should be notified of all the requirements beforehand and be able to complete the procedure with one or two visits. As for the various kinds of "certificates" people are asked to produce, they should be kept at a minimum, and they should be standardized and combined whenever possible. Those that are truly necessary should be verified through information sharing and coordination between government departments. Government at all levels and their staff must be committed to providing the greatest convenience for the people even if it means more work for themselves. |
| （三）履行好政府?；镜亩档棕?zé)任。我國還是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，全國有7000多萬低保人口、7000多萬貧困人口。雖然我們建立了覆蓋全民的社會(huì)保障制度，但保障水平還比較低。現(xiàn)在不少地方財(cái)政吃緊，但再困難也要保障好困難群眾的基本生活。底線兜住了，也可為創(chuàng)業(yè)者特別是青年人創(chuàng)業(yè)解除后顧之憂，即使失敗了也有機(jī)會(huì)再次創(chuàng)業(yè)。當(dāng)前，要更加關(guān)注困難群體的就業(yè)、社保、教育、醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老等問題，加快城市棚戶區(qū)和農(nóng)村危舊房改造。需要指出的是，提供基本公共服務(wù)、保障和改善民生不能脫離實(shí)際，要與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng)。 | (III) We will make sure the government fulfill its responsibility to provide subsistence assistance for all. China is still a developing country with more than 70 million people living on the basic living allowances and roughly the same number of people living below the poverty line. Though we have established a social security system that covers the whole population, the level of welfare provided remains low, and many local governments have to struggle with fiscal crunch. Yet no difficulty should weaken our resolve to meet the basic needs of those people in poverty. When subsistence is guaranteed, business starters, especially the young people, will be free to pursue their ambitions and have something to fall back on even if they fail. We should pay more attention to the employment, social welfare, education, health care and old-age needs of groups in difficulty and accelerate the transformation of urban rundown areas and dilapidated houses in rural areas. Nonetheless, it should be pointed out that efforts to provide basic public services and improve people's livelihood should be based on reality and commensurate with the level of economic and social development in our country. |
| 五、抓好組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，確保各項(xiàng)改革舉措落地生根 | V. Strengthen planning and leadership and ensure sound implementation of all reform measures |
| 深化行政體制改革、轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，是一場深刻革命，涉及面廣、難度大，必須按照中央統(tǒng)一部署，切實(shí)加強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，周密組織，使改革積極穩(wěn)妥向前推進(jìn)。 | To deepen administrative system reform and transform government functions is a profound revolution that covers extensive areas and involves many difficulties. We must strengthen leadership and planning to move the reform forward in an active yet prudent manner. |
| 第一，強(qiáng)化機(jī)制、明確責(zé)任。國務(wù)院將繼續(xù)著力推進(jìn)簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)工作。各地區(qū)各部門也要充實(shí)加強(qiáng)相應(yīng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)制和工作機(jī)制，主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要直接抓，及時(shí)拍板解決改革中的重大問題。每個(gè)改革事項(xiàng)都要細(xì)化任務(wù)和分工，有時(shí)間表、路線圖和責(zé)任狀。改革涉及到政府自身利益，我們必須狠下心來自己“多割點(diǎn)肉”，讓群眾“多長點(diǎn)肉”，讓大家都富裕起來。 | First, strengthen mechanisms and clarify responsibilities. The State Council will continue to focus on streamlining administration, delegating more powers to lower-level governments and society, improving regulation and optimizing services. All regions and departments must also set up their corresponding leadership and working mechanisms where the principal leaders should take charge and make timely decisions on major issues in the reform. All reform items should be based on detailed division of tasks and duties, timetables, roadmaps and written pledges of responsibility. The reform will touch on the government's own interests, and we must have the courage to cut our own benefits to give them to the people, to make our society a more prosperous place. |
| 第二，協(xié)調(diào)行動(dòng)、積極探索。簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)工程，需要統(tǒng)籌安排、整體推進(jìn)。各地區(qū)各部門要牢固樹立大局意識和全局觀念，不折不扣地貫徹執(zhí)行黨中央、國務(wù)院的決策部署，確保令行禁止，不能各吹各的號、各唱各的調(diào)。國務(wù)院作出的各項(xiàng)改革決定，相關(guān)文件和配套措施必須盡快出臺，不能久拖不辦。尊重基層和群眾的首創(chuàng)精神，是我國改革開放的一條基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)。很多重大改革舉措都是先從地方做起，然后推向全國的。在這次簡政放權(quán)等改革中，給地方留了很大空間。各地要從自身實(shí)際出發(fā)，根據(jù)國務(wù)院總的要求和原則，大膽探索創(chuàng)新，在改革中力爭上游，同時(shí)要注意學(xué)習(xí)借鑒其他地區(qū)的好經(jīng)驗(yàn)、好做法，互促共進(jìn)。 | Second, coordinate actions and boldly experiment with reforms. To streamline administration, delegate more powers to lower-level government and society, improve regulation and optimize services is a systematic project that needs to be guided by holistic planning and advanced as a whole. All regions and departments must have a firm understanding of the overall picture and implement the decisions to the letter to make sure that all directives are executed without fail and there is consistency in our actions across the country. For any reform decisions taken by the State Council, related documents and supporting measures should be introduced as quickly as possible without procrastination. A basic experience we gained in reform and opening-up is to respect the community and people's creativity. Many major reform measures started at the local or regional level and were then spread nationwide. In our reform such as administrative streamlining and power delegation, ample space is left for the regions. All regions should be bold in their exploration and innovation in light of their own conditions and the requirements and principles laid down by the State Council to take the lead in reform. At the same time, they should learn from other region's good experience and practices. |
| 第三，主動(dòng)作為、干事創(chuàng)業(yè)。我們的公務(wù)員隊(duì)伍總體是好的，是盡職盡責(zé)、勤勉實(shí)干的。改革開放以來我國取得的巨大成就，是各級干部和群眾一起干出來的，今后推動(dòng)改革發(fā)展還得靠干部帶著群眾一起干?，F(xiàn)在，一些干部中確實(shí)不同程度存在著懶政怠政、消極敷衍等現(xiàn)象。對此，一方面要加強(qiáng)思想教育，引導(dǎo)公務(wù)員積極適應(yīng)簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)的新形勢，加快轉(zhuǎn)變觀念，不斷取得新的工作業(yè)績，富一方百姓、保一方平安。另一方面，要完善激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制，鼓勵(lì)各級干部愿干事、敢干事、能干成事?，F(xiàn)在政府工作人員，特別是基層公務(wù)員工作很辛苦，收入也不高，我們既要堅(jiān)決堵住“偏門”，解決公務(wù)人員以權(quán)力參與分配、牟取不當(dāng)利益問題，也要打開“正門”，建立健全正常的工資增長機(jī)制，使其收入隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不斷提高，保障他們的合理待遇和應(yīng)有的尊嚴(yán)。去年，國務(wù)院對完善機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位工資和養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度出臺了政策，今年6月底前，各地工資調(diào)整一定要落實(shí)到位。 | Third, be proactive and conscientious. Our civil service is professional, responsible and hard-working on the whole. The achievements of reform and opening-up have been the results of the common efforts by government officials at all levels and the people. In the future, we will still rely on our officials to lead the people in advancing reform and development. With regard to nonfeasance and perfunctoriness that do exist among some officials, we need to enhance ideological education to help them adapt to the new situation created by administration streamlining, power delegation, regulation improvement and service optimization, and guide them to make new achievements in promoting prosperity and stability in their own regions. At the same time, we must create stronger incentives and disincentives to encourage officials at all levels to be proactive and conscientious in their work. Government staff, civil servants at the community level in particular, have a very heavy workload and their income is not high. While resolutely barring the "back door" and addressing issues of civil servants making illegal gains with their power, we should also open the "front door" to establish a mechanism for regular salary increases so that civil servants' income will be raised in tandem with economic development and their legitimate welfare and dignity will be ensured. Last year, the State Council introduced policy on improving the salary and pension insurance system for public institutions, and the salary adjustment in all regions must be implemented by the end of June. |
| 第四，加強(qiáng)督查、狠抓落實(shí)。各地區(qū)各部門要把簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)情況納入績效考核體系，并完善考評機(jī)制。加大督查力度，創(chuàng)新督查方式，并與第三方評估、社會(huì)評價(jià)結(jié)合起來，好經(jīng)驗(yàn)要及時(shí)推廣，發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題要抓緊解決，對落實(shí)不力的要嚴(yán)肅追究責(zé)任，確保各項(xiàng)改革措施落到實(shí)處。近期，國務(wù)院要對部門和地方開展重點(diǎn)督查，堅(jiān)決打通“放、管、服”舉措落實(shí)的“最先一公里”和“最后一公里”，推動(dòng)穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生各項(xiàng)政策落地見效。 | Fourth, greater oversight and strong implementation. All regions and departments should incorporate administrative streamlining, power delegation, regulation improvement and service optimization into their performance evaluation system and improve the assessment mechanism. There should be greater and innovative ways of oversight and inspection that incorporate third-party and public evaluation. Good experience should be disseminated in a timely way and issues discovered should be solved without delay. Failure to implement will be subject to accountability. All this will help to ensure solid implementation of all reform measures. In the coming months, the State Council will conduct a major inspection of government departments and local regions, to make sure that measures to delegate power, improve regulation and optimize services are implemented throughout from the "first mile" to the "last mile". This will be conducive to strengthening the efficacy of our policies to stabilize growth, advance reform, adjust structure and benefit the people. |
| 第五，依法改革、有序推進(jìn)。法律是治國之重器，良法是善治之前提。簡政放權(quán)等改革要在法治軌道上推進(jìn)，重大改革要于法有據(jù)，同時(shí)法律法規(guī)也要適應(yīng)改革需要，及時(shí)加以調(diào)整和完善，使激發(fā)釋放活力和維護(hù)保障秩序有機(jī)統(tǒng)一起來。有關(guān)部門在放權(quán)的同時(shí)要提出修法建議。修法立法要嚴(yán)格把關(guān)，防止部門利益法制化；嚴(yán)禁法外設(shè)權(quán)擴(kuò)權(quán)，走出精簡膨脹循環(huán)的怪圈。要按照國務(wù)院要求，抓緊對規(guī)范性文件進(jìn)行全面清理，凡是于法無據(jù)、損害群眾合法權(quán)益的，都要廢止或進(jìn)行修改。 | Fifth, promote steady progress of reform in accordance with law. The law is an instrument of paramount importance in national governance and good laws are the precondition for good governance. Reforms such as administrative streamlining and power delegation must be promoted on the basis of the rule of law and major reforms should have solid legal ground. At the same time, laws and regulations should also meet the demand of reforms and be adjusted and improved in a timely way to promote order and vitality at the same time. When delegating powers, relevant departments need to propose accompanying revisions to laws. The revision and legislation process should subject to close scrutiny to prevent the legalization of departmental interests. Extrajudicial extension of powers will be strictly prohibited to prevent new expansion of government powers. All the relevant regulations should be overhauled promptly at the requirement of the State Council and all those that have no legal basis or detrimental to the people's lawful interests are to be abolished or revised. |
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