《美國(guó)全球監(jiān)聽行動(dòng)紀(jì)錄》全文
Full Text: The United States' Global Surveillance Record
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調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 一、美國(guó)在全球范圍廣泛從事秘密監(jiān)聽 | I. The United States conducts widespread secret surveillance across the globe |
| 1. 美國(guó)監(jiān)聽世界政要 | 1. The United States eavesdrops on world leaders |
| 2013年底，英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》報(bào)道，包含聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)潘基文、德國(guó)總理默克爾、巴西總統(tǒng)羅塞夫等多達(dá)35國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都出現(xiàn)在美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局的監(jiān)聽名單上。 | At the end of 2013, The Guardian reported that as many as 35 leaders were on the NSA surveillance list, including United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff. |
| 德國(guó)《明鏡》周刊今年3月29日援引斯諾登提供的文件披露，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局2009年針對(duì)122名外國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人實(shí)施監(jiān)控，并建有一個(gè)專門存放外國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人信息的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，其中關(guān)于德國(guó)總理默克爾的報(bào)告就有300份。名單從“A”開始，按每人名字的首字母順序排列，第一位是時(shí)任馬來(lái)西亞總理阿卜杜拉·巴達(dá)維，默克爾排在“A”區(qū)的第九位。122人名單的最后一位是尤利婭·季莫申科，時(shí)任烏克蘭總理。 | On March 29 this year, the German news magazine Der Spiegel, citing a secret document from Snowden, revealed that 122 world leaders were under NSA surveillance in 2009, and the agency built a secret database on world leaders which contains 300 reports on Merkel. The list is in alphabetical order by first name, starting from "A," with the then prime minister of Malaysia Abdullah Badawi heading the list and Merkel sitting at the 9th spot in the "A" zone. The last on the list was Yulia Tymoshenko, who was then prime minister of Ukraine. |
| 德國(guó)“明鏡在線”報(bào)道，聯(lián)合國(guó)總部、歐盟常駐聯(lián)合國(guó)代表團(tuán)都在美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局的監(jiān)聽范圍之內(nèi)，監(jiān)聽內(nèi)容涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、商業(yè)等領(lǐng)域。 | According to Spiegel Online, the NSA spied on UN headquarters and the EU mission to the UN. The surveillance covers politics, the economy and commerce. |
| 美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局2012年夏季成功侵入了聯(lián)合國(guó)總部的內(nèi)部視頻電話會(huì)議設(shè)備，并破解了加密系統(tǒng)。被曝光的秘密文件說(shuō)，“數(shù)據(jù)傳輸給我們送來(lái)了聯(lián)合國(guó)內(nèi)部視頻電話會(huì)議?！?/td> | In the summer of 2012, the NSA succeeded in breaking into the UN video conference system and cracking its encrypted system. "The data traffic gives us internal video teleconferences of the United Nations," Der Spiegel quoted one document as saying. |
| 美國(guó)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，2010年5月，當(dāng)聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)考慮是否要因?yàn)橐晾实暮擞?jì)劃而制裁該國(guó)的時(shí)候，數(shù)個(gè)理事國(guó)的投票意向懸而未決。當(dāng)時(shí)的美國(guó)駐聯(lián)合國(guó)大使蘇珊·賴斯請(qǐng)求美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局的協(xié)助，“以便她制定應(yīng)對(duì)策略”。美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局很快起草出了監(jiān)控四個(gè)理事國(guó)外交官所需的法律文件。 | According to the New York Times, in May 2010, when the United Nations Security Council was considering whether or not to give sanctions against Iran over its nuclear program, several members were swinging. Susan Rice, then U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, asked the NSA for help "so that she could develop a strategy." The NSA swiftly drew up the paperwork to obtain legal approval for spying on the diplomats of four Security Council members. |
| 根據(jù)斯諾登曝光的文件，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局已經(jīng)滲透的使館與使團(tuán)名單包括巴西、保加利亞、哥倫比亞、歐盟、法國(guó)、格魯吉亞、希臘、印度、意大利、日本、墨西哥、斯洛文尼亞、南非、韓國(guó)、委內(nèi)瑞拉和越南。 | According to documents leaked by Snowden, the NSA has spied on delegations from and embassies of Brazil, Bulgaria, Columbia, the European Union, France, Georgia, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Venezuela and Vietnam, among others. |
| 除了聯(lián)合國(guó)總部，歐盟和國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的IT基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和服務(wù)器信息已被美國(guó)掌握。歐盟駐聯(lián)合國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)變換了辦公地點(diǎn)，搬進(jìn)新的辦公室后，美國(guó)仍在繼續(xù)其竊聽行為。 | Apart from the UN Headquarters, the information technology infrastructure and servers of the EU and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have also been grasped by the U.S. . When the EU moved its UN office, the U.S. relocated its bugs. |
| 斯諾登提供給英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》的一份文件顯示，美方設(shè)于英國(guó)北約克郡一處情報(bào)分支機(jī)構(gòu)在2009年的20國(guó)集團(tuán)峰會(huì)上監(jiān)聽俄羅斯時(shí)任總統(tǒng)梅德韋杰夫與國(guó)內(nèi)的衛(wèi)星通話。這次監(jiān)聽的時(shí)間是梅德韋杰夫與美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬舉行會(huì)談后數(shù)小時(shí)，兩人在會(huì)談中剛剛就建立互信達(dá)成共識(shí)。 | A document released by Snowden to the Guardian reveals that American spies based in North Yorkshire in the UK intercepted the top-secret communications of then Russian President Dmitry Medvedev at the 2009 G20 Summit. This was just hours after Obama and Medvedev reached a consensus to build mutual trust during their talks. |
| 一份日期標(biāo)注為2012年6月的機(jī)密文件顯示，當(dāng)時(shí)還是墨西哥總統(tǒng)候選人的培尼亞的電子郵件曾被美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局秘密竊取，其內(nèi)容包括了培尼亞準(zhǔn)備提名的部分內(nèi)閣成員等。美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局在竊取巴西總統(tǒng)羅塞夫的通訊資料時(shí)，使用了一種特殊的電腦程序，可以攔截電子郵件及網(wǎng)絡(luò)聊天的內(nèi)容。 | A classified document dated June 2012 shows that then Mexican presidential candidate Enrique Pena Nieto's emails about naming some cabinet members were read by the NSA. The U.S. secret service also monitored the communications of Brazil's President Dilma Rousseff and used a special software to track her emails and online chat. |
| 在2007年聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化大會(huì)上，澳大利亞情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)國(guó)防情報(bào)局同美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局對(duì)印尼開展了大規(guī)模的監(jiān)聽活動(dòng)。 | Australian spy agency the Defense Signals Directorate worked alongside the NSA in mounting a massive surveillance operation on Indonesia during the UN climate change conference in Bali in 2007. |
| 2010年6月G20峰會(huì)在多倫多召開時(shí)，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局進(jìn)行了為期六天的間諜活動(dòng)，美國(guó)駐加拿大使館當(dāng)時(shí)則變身為安全指揮部。 | During the G20 Summit in Toronto in June 2010, the NSA ran a six-day spying operation at the U.S. embassy in Canada. |
| 曝光文件還顯示，日本與巴西、伊拉克被共同列為美國(guó)“經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定與影響”領(lǐng)域的重點(diǎn)監(jiān)控國(guó)。此外，“最新戰(zhàn)略科學(xué)技術(shù)”領(lǐng)域的重點(diǎn)監(jiān)控對(duì)象包括俄羅斯、印度、德國(guó)、法國(guó)、韓國(guó)、以色列、新加坡、瑞典及日本；“外交政策”領(lǐng)域包括中國(guó)、德國(guó)、法國(guó)、俄羅斯、伊朗、朝鮮及日本等17國(guó)及聯(lián)合國(guó)。 | Leaked documents also show that Japan, Brazil and Iraq are key intelligence targets of U.S. eavesdroppers for their "economic stability and impact" mission. For the "emerging strategic technologies" mission, Russia is a focus, along with India, Germany, France, South Korea, Israel, Singapore, Sweden and Japan. China, Germany, France, Russia, Iran, North Korea, Japan and another 10 countries, plus the UN, are listed as key targets of the "foreign policy" mission. |
| 《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》總結(jié)說(shuō)，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局之所以“敵友不分地進(jìn)行日常監(jiān)控”，是為達(dá)成“對(duì)法德等同盟國(guó)的外交優(yōu)先地位”和“對(duì)日本及巴西的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)先地位”。 | The New York Times concluded that the NSA "spies routinely on friends as well as foes" to achieve "diplomatic advantage over such allies as France and Germany" and "economic advantage over Japan and Brazil." |
| 2. 美國(guó)監(jiān)控全球民眾 | 2. The United States spies on the public all over the world |
| 美國(guó)專門監(jiān)控互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的項(xiàng)目非常龐大，可以監(jiān)控某個(gè)目標(biāo)網(wǎng)民的幾乎所有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)活動(dòng)。英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》披露，美國(guó)情報(bào)人員利用名為“XKeyscore”的項(xiàng)目監(jiān)控互聯(lián)網(wǎng)活動(dòng)。該項(xiàng)目在全球多處配備500個(gè)服務(wù)器。這家報(bào)紙?jiān)u價(jià)其是美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局“最龐大”監(jiān)控項(xiàng)目，稱情報(bào)人員“可以監(jiān)控某個(gè)目標(biāo)網(wǎng)民的幾乎所有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)活動(dòng)”。 | The U.S. surveillance on the Internet is so massive that it is able to monitor nearly everything a targeted user does on the Internet. According to the Guardian, American intelligence uses a secret surveillance system known as XKeyscore, comprising 500 servers distributed around the world, to mine intelligence from the Internet. Leaked documents boast that XKeyscore is the NSA's "widest reaching" system covering "nearly everything a typical user does on the Internet." |
| 斯諾登曝光的文件顯示，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局通過(guò)接入全球移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，每天收集全球高達(dá)近50億份手機(jī)通話的位置紀(jì)錄，并匯聚成龐大數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局大規(guī)模搜集全球手機(jī)短信息，每天收集大約20億條。 | Documents released by Snowden show that the NSA gathers around 5 billion records each day on the whereabouts of cell phones and these records comprise a vast database of information. Also, the NSA collected about 2 billion cell phone text messages each day from around the world. |
| 一些美國(guó)媒體認(rèn)為，美情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)嫌疑人相關(guān)電話進(jìn)行竊聽以掌握情報(bào)并非新聞，但涉及國(guó)外如此海量信息的收集相當(dāng)不可思議。 | Some U.S. media have remarked that intercepting suspects' telephones to obtain information is nothing new, but collecting such vast amount of intelligence overseas is astonishing. |
| 據(jù)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》報(bào)道，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局曾秘密侵入雅虎、谷歌在各國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)中心之間的主要通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，竊取了數(shù)以億計(jì)的用戶信息，并且保留了大量數(shù)據(jù)。通過(guò)分析這些數(shù)據(jù)，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局可以獲悉這些通訊紀(jì)錄的發(fā)出者、接受者以及雙方通訊的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等信息。 | The Washington Post reported that the NSA secretly broke into the main communication links that connect Yahoo and Google's respective data centers around the world. By tapping these links, the agency positioned itself to collect data at will from hundreds of millions of user accounts. By analyzing the data, the NSA can discover who sent or received emails, when and where, as well as email contents, including audio and video as well as text. |
| 巴西網(wǎng)站Fantastico報(bào)道稱，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局采用MITM攻擊方式，通過(guò)虛假的安全認(rèn)證偽裝成合法網(wǎng)站，以繞過(guò)瀏覽器的安全防護(hù)并截取用戶數(shù)據(jù)。美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局曾通過(guò)這一方式偽裝成谷歌網(wǎng)站成功獲取用戶數(shù)據(jù)。 | According to the Brazilian website Fantastico, the NSA has carried out so-called Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks using fake security certificates to pose as a legitimate web service, bypass browser security settings, and intercept data that unsuspecting persons are attempting to send to that service. Google is among the services the NSA has impersonated. |
| 英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》披露美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局與以色列共享原始監(jiān)聽數(shù)據(jù)，且可能包括美國(guó)公民的郵件和其他數(shù)據(jù)，而此前美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬堅(jiān)稱不會(huì)把監(jiān)聽目標(biāo)鎖定在美國(guó)公民身上。 | The Guardian has revealed that the NSA routinely shares raw intelligence data with Israel without first sifting it to remove information about U.S. citizens. This is despite of earlier promises by the Obama administration to rigorously protect the privacy of innocent U.S. citizens caught in the dragnet. |
| 2013年12月31日，德國(guó)《明鏡》周刊消息稱，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局非法獲取歐洲和亞洲之間最大的海底通訊電纜網(wǎng)絡(luò)——SEA－ME－WE－4的數(shù)據(jù)，取得大量敏感資料，并計(jì)劃繼續(xù)監(jiān)聽其他海底通訊電纜。 | On Dec. 31, 2013, the German news magazine Der Spiegel quoted NSA papers describing how the agency collected sensitive data from Sea-Me-We 4, the key undersea telecommunication cable system linking Europe and Asia, as well as its plans to continue eavesdropping on other undersea cables. |
| 法國(guó)《世界報(bào)》報(bào)道稱，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局曾在2012年12月10日至2013年1月8日期間，監(jiān)聽法國(guó)民眾7030萬(wàn)通電話交談。 | The French daily Le Monde reported that the U.S. spy agency tapped more than 70.3 million phone calls made in France between December 10, 2012, and January 8, 2013. |
| 蘋果和安卓手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)在美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局內(nèi)部被稱作“數(shù)據(jù)資源的金礦”，美英情報(bào)部門2007年就已合作監(jiān)控手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局一度將這方面的預(yù)算從2.04億美元追加到7.67億美元。 | In an internal NSA document, smart phone operating systems such as iOS and Android are described as the "gold nugget of data resources." The NSA and the British Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) have been collaborating on mobile phone surveillance since 2007, when the budget of the NSA was increased from 204 million U.S. dollars to 767 million U.S. dollars, allowing the agency to dig even deeper. |
| 據(jù)英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》、美國(guó)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局多年來(lái)一直從移動(dòng)設(shè)備應(yīng)用程序(App)中抓取個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)，包括個(gè)人用戶的位置數(shù)據(jù)(基于GPS)、種族、年齡和其他個(gè)人資料。這些應(yīng)用程序包括手機(jī)游戲“憤怒的小鳥”、應(yīng)用程序“谷歌地圖”以及“臉譜”、推特和網(wǎng)絡(luò)相冊(cè)Flickr的手機(jī)客戶端。 | The Guardian and the New York Times have reported that the NSA targets smartphone apps to fish for users' personal data such as age, nationality and location (based on GPS). The apps under surveillance include the popular game Angry Birds, Google Maps, Facebook, Twitter and the photo-sharing site Flickr. |
| 美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局至少于2008年起，向全球近10萬(wàn)臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)植入專門軟件，旨在時(shí)刻監(jiān)控或攻擊目標(biāo)計(jì)算機(jī)，即使計(jì)算機(jī)沒(méi)有連接上網(wǎng)，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局仍可通過(guò)無(wú)線電波入侵。 | The NSA has planted backdoor software in around 100,000 computers worldwide since 2008, giving it the capability to monitor them around the clock, as well as launch attacks. The agency can access and control these computers using radio waves even if they are not connected to a network. |
| 自2010年起，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局用收集到的資料，分析部分美國(guó)公民的“社交連結(jié)，辨識(shí)他們來(lái)往對(duì)象、某個(gè)特定時(shí)間的所在地點(diǎn)、與誰(shuí)出游等私人信息”。 | Since 2010, the NSA has been snooping on U.S. citizens to "analyze their social connectivity, to identify private information such as the users' associates, their location at a certain point of time, and their travelling companions." |
| 美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局所有的監(jiān)控行為都是暗中操作，而政府也是秘密決定放開對(duì)監(jiān)控的限制，并未通過(guò)國(guó)家情報(bào)法院的審定或者公開的討論。根據(jù)2006年美國(guó)司法部的備忘錄，該部曾對(duì)濫用情報(bào)監(jiān)控進(jìn)行過(guò)警告。 | All of the NSA's surveillance activities have been conducted in secrecy, following a secret U.S. government decision to loosen restrictions on surveillance and bypass deliberation or discussion by the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. A memorandum filed by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) in 2006 warned about the possible abuse of surveillance. |
| 通過(guò)一項(xiàng)名為“共同旅行分析”的項(xiàng)目，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局在收集“目標(biāo)人物”相關(guān)信息紀(jì)錄基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)已知“目標(biāo)人物”的活動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)其未知社會(huì)聯(lián)系，并在一小時(shí)內(nèi)在海量信息中得出“目標(biāo)人物”活動(dòng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等完整情報(bào)。與“目標(biāo)人物”有過(guò)聯(lián)系的人將可能成為美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局新的“目標(biāo)人物”。 | The NSA applies sophisticated analytical techniques to identify what it calls "co-travelers," i.e. unknown associates of known targets. This project allows the NSA to explore the social links of known targets. The location and time of their activities can be extracted in under an hour from a vast database of information. Associates of known targets become the NSA's new targets. |
| 美國(guó)官員辯稱，這一大規(guī)模監(jiān)聽活動(dòng)是合法的，不針對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)民眾，但事實(shí)上，被竊聽者包括許多到國(guó)外旅行的美國(guó)人。美國(guó)媒體報(bào)道說(shuō)，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局于2010年和2011年進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)大規(guī)模收集美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)移動(dòng)電話位置的試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目。 | U.S. government officials have argued that these massive surveillance operations are legal and do not target U.S. citizens, but U.S. citizens travelling abroad are nevertheless subject to eavesdropping. U.S. media have also reported that the NSA carried out a pilot project to collect huge amounts of mobile phone location data within the United States during 2010 and 2011. |
| 2013年4月，聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)理事會(huì)言論自由問(wèn)題特別報(bào)告員拉盧在向聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)理事會(huì)提交的報(bào)告中指出，美國(guó)修訂“外國(guó)情報(bào)監(jiān)控修正案法”，擴(kuò)大美國(guó)政府對(duì)境外非美籍人士進(jìn)行監(jiān)控的權(quán)力，監(jiān)控內(nèi)容包括任何利用美國(guó)的云服務(wù)主機(jī)進(jìn)行的通信。 | In April 2013, Frank La Rue, UN Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, said in his report to the Human Rights Council that the United States, by renewing the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, had empowered the U.S. government to "conduct surveillance of non-American persons located outside the United States including any foreign individual whose communications are hosted by cloud services located in the United States." |
| 曝光文件顯示德國(guó)、韓國(guó)、日本等多國(guó)被大規(guī)模監(jiān)聽，美歐國(guó)家的情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)正在聯(lián)手對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和電話通信展開大規(guī)模監(jiān)控，嚴(yán)重威脅世界各國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。 | Leaked documents show that many countries, including Germany, South Korea and Japan have been targeted by the NSA's eavesdropping, and that the intelligence agencies of the United States and some European countries have joined hands to launch massive network monitoring and phone-tapping operations that severely undermine the network security of all countries. |
| 挪威媒體報(bào)道說(shuō)，挪威也是美國(guó)“監(jiān)控門”的受害者，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局曾在2012年12月10日至2013年1月8日間監(jiān)聽了3300多萬(wàn)次在挪威本土登記注冊(cè)的移動(dòng)電話通話。 | Norwegian media have reported that Norway is also a target of U.S. surveillance. The NSA collected data from more than 33 million mobile phone calls made in Norway between December 10, 2012, and January 8, 2013. |
| 根據(jù)意大利《快訊》周刊的報(bào)道，英國(guó)和美國(guó)情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)大規(guī)模竊聽意大利的電話和攔截網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)。 | The Italian weekly L'Espresso has reported that British and U.S. intelligence agencies have been massively bugging Italian telephone communications and network data. |
| 3. 監(jiān)控外國(guó)企業(yè) | 3. Monitoring international companies |
| 美國(guó)政府攻擊的商業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)不僅包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，還涉及金融、交通、電力、教育等諸多關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的關(guān)鍵行業(yè)。 | The U.S. government does not just target the Internet, but also key industries such as finance, transport, electricity and education. |
| 斯諾登披露的文件顯示，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局開展的大規(guī)模監(jiān)聽行動(dòng)不僅包括世界各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，還包括眾多國(guó)際組織和商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖。 | Documents leaked by Snowden show that the NSA's eavesdropping not only target overseas government leaders but also international organizations and business leaders. |
| 據(jù)德國(guó)《明鏡》周刊報(bào)道，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局的監(jiān)視項(xiàng)目包括國(guó)際間的金融交易，尤其是信用卡交易。全球知名的信用卡品牌維薩公司和總部設(shè)在布魯塞爾的環(huán)球銀行金融電信協(xié)會(huì)均在其監(jiān)視范圍之內(nèi)。 | The German weekly Der Spiegel reported that financial transactions, especially credit card deals, were among the targets of NSA surveillance programs. Visa and the international payments system SWIFT were both monitored. |
| 一項(xiàng)名為“追蹤金錢”的監(jiān)視項(xiàng)目專門關(guān)注國(guó)際上銀行金融交易往來(lái)。按照美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局的事先設(shè)想，通過(guò)追蹤所謂的金融往來(lái)線索，可以追查到更多的恐怖分子。其為此專門建立一個(gè)名為Tracfin的金融數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，用以存儲(chǔ)從各個(gè)金融機(jī)構(gòu)得到的信息。2011年，這一數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的信息量達(dá)到1.8億條，其中84%的數(shù)據(jù)是信用卡信息，涉及用戶主要分布在歐洲、中東和非洲。 | A surveillance branch known as "Follow the Money," focused on international financial transactions. The NSA claimed that by tracing international financial transfers it could expose terrorist networks. The agency set up a financial database called Tracfin to store information gathered from financial institutions. In 2011, the data bank had 180 million entries, 84 percent of which related to credit cards and their users, who were mainly located in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. |
| 此外，該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中還有部分信息來(lái)自歐洲的環(huán)球銀行金融電信協(xié)會(huì)。美國(guó)“9·11”恐怖襲擊之后，環(huán)球銀行金融電信協(xié)會(huì)開始秘密向美國(guó)提供金融交易數(shù)據(jù)。2006年這一事件被媒體曝光后，歐盟要求與美國(guó)展開談判，以保證歐洲銀行數(shù)據(jù)的安全和公民隱私權(quán)。在多輪談判后，歐盟和美國(guó)于2010年達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，允許美國(guó)通過(guò)環(huán)球銀行金融電信協(xié)會(huì)系統(tǒng)獲取歐洲銀行的交易信息，用于打擊恐怖主義，但美國(guó)在使用和存儲(chǔ)這些金融信息方面必須遵守歐盟數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)法律之下的嚴(yán)格規(guī)定。然而，根據(jù)斯諾登的最新爆料，美國(guó)從來(lái)沒(méi)有停止過(guò)監(jiān)視環(huán)球銀行金融電信協(xié)會(huì)的金融交易往來(lái)信息。這意味著，在此期間美歐之間所有的談判都只是表面功夫，沒(méi)有實(shí)際作用。 | Some information in the database came from SWIFT, which began secretly feeding the United States with details of financial transfers after the 9/11 attacks. When this partnership was exposed in 2006, the European Union asked the United States to ensure the security of bank data and respect the privacy of European citizens. After several rounds of talks, the European Union and the United States reached a deal in 2010 that allowed the latter to monitor European bank transfers to combat terrorism, with the precondition that the use and storage of this financial information was consistent with European data protection laws. But Snowden's latest revelations show that the United States never stopped monitoring SWIFT transfers, meaning that the entire negotiation process between the United States and the European Union was just for show. |
| 2013年12月29日，德國(guó)《明鏡》周刊稱，美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局多年前就已攻破了主要公司開發(fā)的幾乎所有安全架構(gòu)，其中包括來(lái)自思科、華為、瞻博和戴爾的產(chǎn)品。 | On December 29, 2013, Der Spiegel claimed the NSA had broken almost all the security architectures designed by major companies, including those of Cisco, Huawei, Juniper and Dell. |
| 據(jù)媒體報(bào)道，美國(guó)還侵入了巴西國(guó)家石油公司的電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 | Other media reports have revealed that the United States hacked the computer network of Brazilian oil company, Petrobras. |
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