十二屆全國人大常委會工作報告（2014）（全文）
Full Text: Work report of NPC Standing Committee (2014)
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| 2014年3月9日，十二屆全國人大二次會議在北京人民大會堂舉行第二次全體會議。全國人大常委會委員長張德江作全國人民代表大會常務委員會工作報告。 [中國網(wǎng)] Zhang Dejiang, chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC), delivers a work report of the Standing Committee of the NPC during the second plenary meeting of the second session of the 12th NPC at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 9, 2014. [China.org.cn] |
![2014年3月9日，十二屆全國人大二次會議在北京人民大會堂舉行第二次全體會議。全國人大常委會委員長張德江作全國人民代表大會常務委員會工作報告。 [中國網(wǎng)]](http://images.china.cn/attachement/jpg/site1007/20140317/001ec949ff5c1490b1de12.jpg "2014年3月9日，十二屆全國人大二次會議在北京人民大會堂舉行第二次全體會議。全國人大常委會委員長張德江作全國人民代表大會常務委員會工作報告。 [中國網(wǎng)]")
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全國人民代表大會常務委員會工作報告 |
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE'S CONGRESS |
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——2014年3月9日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議上 |
Delivered at the Second Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 9, 2014 |
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全國人民代表大會常務委員會委員長 張德江 |
Zhang Dejiang, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress |
| 各位代表： | Fellow Deputies, |
| 現(xiàn)在，我受全國人大常委會委托，向大會報告工作，請予審議。 | On behalf of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), I now present to you the report on its work for your deliberation. |
| 過去一年的主要工作 | Major Work of the Past Year |
| 2013年，面對錯綜復雜的國際形勢和艱巨繁重的國內改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定任務，以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，團結帶領全國各族人民，堅持穩(wěn)中求進工作總基調，沉著應對各種風險和挑戰(zhàn)，全面推進社會主義經(jīng)濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態(tài)文明建設，對全面深化改革作出總體部署，各項工作取得新的重大進展，得到了全黨和全國各族人民的衷心擁護。 | In 2013, in the face of the complex international situation and the arduous domestic tasks of reform, development and stability, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary held high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and united with and led the people of all of China's ethnic groups in adhering to the general work guideline of making progress while maintaining stability; responding to all risks and challenges calmly; stimulating socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological advancement in an all-around way; making overall arrangements for comprehensively deepening reform; and making major progress in all its work, thus winning the heartfelt support of the whole Party and the people of all of our ethnic groups. |
| 過去一年，是十二屆全國人大常委會依法履職的第一年。常委會全面貫徹黨的十八大和十八屆二中、三中全會精神，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發(fā)展觀為指導，在以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央領導下，貫徹落實十二屆全國人大一次會議精神，認真行使憲法和法律賦予的職權，在以往基礎上推動人大工作邁出新步伐，實現(xiàn)本屆常委會工作的良好開局，為加強社會主義民主法治建設、全面建成小康社會、實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興的中國夢作出了積極貢獻。 | The past year was the first year for the Standing Committee of the Twelfth NPC to perform its functions in accordance with the law. The Standing Committee comprehensively implemented the guiding principles set forth at the Eighteenth National Party Congress and the second and third plenary sessions of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee, and took Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development as its guide. Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, the Standing Committee implemented the guiding principles of the First Session of the Twelfth NPC and conscientiously performed the powers and functions conferred on it by the Constitution and laws. Building on past achievements, the Standing Committee took new steps in the work of the NPC, and ensured that its work got off to a good start. Thus, the Standing Committee made positive contributions to strengthening socialist democracy and the socialist rule of law, finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and realizing the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. |
| 一、統(tǒng)籌部署十二屆全國人大常委會工作 | 1. We made comprehensive arrangements for the Standing Committee of the Twelfth NPC. |
| 黨的十八大對新的時代條件下堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義作出全面部署。黨的十八大以來，以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央，圍繞改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定、內政外交國防、治黨治國治軍，提出許多新思想新觀點新論斷新要求，為黨和國家事業(yè)進一步發(fā)展指明了方向。十二屆全國人大常委會緊緊圍繞黨和國家工作大局，在深刻分析人大工作新形勢新任務的基礎上，提出了本屆常委會工作的總體思路、基本要求和主要任務，努力為全面深化改革、促進社會主義民主法治建設提供有力保障。 | The Eighteenth National Party Congress drew up a comprehensive plan for adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics under the new conditions of the times. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary has charted the course for making progress in the Party and country's cause since the conclusion of the congress by putting forward many new ideas, viewpoints, judgments and requirements centered on reform, development and stability; on domestic affairs, foreign relations and national defense; and on running the Party, country and armed forces. Bearing the overall work of the Party and country firmly in mind, the Standing Committee of the Twelfth NPC set forth the general thinking, basic requirements and main tasks for its work on the basis of a thorough analysis of the new circumstances and tasks of the NPC's work, and provided powerful guarantees for comprehensively deepening reform and promoting the development of socialist democracy and the socialist rule of law. |
| ——堅定不移走中國特色社會主義政治發(fā)展道路，把人民代表大會制度堅持好完善好發(fā)展好。堅持人民主體地位，發(fā)展更加廣泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主，支持和保證人民通過人民代表大會行使國家權力。毫不動搖地堅持、與時俱進地發(fā)展人民代表大會制度，不斷豐富人民代表大會制度的實踐特色和時代特色，充分發(fā)揮人民代表大會制度的根本政治制度作用。 | -- We unswervingly kept to the socialist path of political development with Chinese characteristics and adhered to, improved and developed the system of people's congresses. We upheld the people's principal position in the country; made people's democracy more widespread, granted it more fully, and developed it further; and supported and ensured the exercise of state power by the people through people's congresses. We unwaveringly adhered to the system of people's congresses and developed it as required by the times, constantly enriched its practicality and suitability to the times, and got the system of people's congresses to fully play its role as China's fundamental political system. |
| ——全面推進依法治國，維護憲法和法律權威。堅持依法治國、依法執(zhí)政、依法行政共同推進，堅持法治國家、法治政府、法治社會一體建設。推動各級國家行政機關依法行政，規(guī)范政府行為，推動各級審判機關、檢察機關公正司法，提高司法公信力，做到有法必依、執(zhí)法必嚴、違法必究，維護人民權益，促進社會公平正義。加強對憲法和法律實施情況的監(jiān)督檢查，維護國家法制統(tǒng)一、尊嚴、權威。 | -- We promoted the rule of law in all respects and safeguarded the sanctity of the Constitution and laws. We ensured that the country is governed, governance is exercised and administration is conducted all in accordance with the law, and that our country, government and society are all based on the law. We standardized government activities and made sure that state administrative bodies at all levels function in accordance with the law. We got judicial and procuratorial bodies at all levels to be fair in administering justice. We enhanced judicial credibility, and ensured that laws are observed and strictly enforced, violators are punished, and people's rights and interests are safeguarded. We promoted social fairness and justice. We strengthened oversight and inspection of compliance with the Constitution and laws and safeguarded the unity, sanctity and authority of the country's legal system. |
| ——充分發(fā)揮最高國家權力機關在建設社會主義法治國家中的重要作用，努力開創(chuàng)人大工作新局面。全國人大及其常委會處在社會主義民主法治建設的第一線，在全面推進依法治國進程中擔負著重要職責，要把堅持依法治國、維護憲法和法律權威作為人大及其常委會的重要任務，依法行使立法、監(jiān)督、決定、任免等職權，推動中央重大決策部署的貫徹落實。加強重點領域立法，著力提高立法質量。依法加強和改進監(jiān)督工作，著力增強監(jiān)督實效。支持和保障代表依法執(zhí)行代表職務，密切代表同人民群眾的聯(lián)系。 | -- We got the NPC and its Standing Committee to fully play their important roles as the country's highest organs of state power in building a law-based socialist country, and strove to initiate a new phase in the work of the NPC. The NPC and its Standing Committee stays in the forefront of developing socialist democracy and the socialist rule of law, and shoulders important responsibility in the course of comprehensively promoting law-based governance. Therefore, we should view steadfastly running the country in accordance with the law and safeguarding the authority of the Constitution and laws as important tasks of the NPC and its Standing Committee. We exercised our legislative, oversight, policymaking, and personnel appointment and dismissal powers in accordance with the law, and gave impetus to implementing the major decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee. We strengthened legislation in key areas and focused on improving the quality of legislation. We strengthened and improved our oversight work in accordance with the law and focused on making oversight more effective. We supported NPC deputies in the lawful performance of their duties, ensured that they could perform them and got them to close ranks with the people. |
| ——編制立法規(guī)劃，推動中國特色社會主義法律體系發(fā)展完善。立法是依法治國的前提和基礎。我們全面分析中國特色社會主義法律體系形成后立法工作面臨的新情況新要求，在認真梳理代表議案建議、深入調查研究、反復論證協(xié)商的基礎上，編制了十二屆全國人大常委會立法規(guī)劃，并及時召開立法工作會議，明確本屆任期內立法工作的目標任務、工作要求和落實措施。強調要堅持以中國特色社會主義理論體系為指導，堅持從中國國情和實際出發(fā)，堅持以人為本、立法為民，堅持通過完備的法律推動憲法實施，積極推進科學立法、民主立法，不斷完善中國特色社會主義法律體系。 | -- We drew up a legislative plan and developed and improved the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics. Legislation is a prerequisite and foundation for the rule of law. We drew up a legislative plan for the Standing Committee of the Twelfth NPC based on a comprehensive analysis of the new circumstances and requirements for our legislative work after the establishment of the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics, and on a careful review of bills and proposals put forward by NPC deputies, in-depth investigations and studies, and repeated discussions and consultations. In addition, we promptly held a meeting on legislative work to determine the targets, tasks and requirements of the legislative work for the current term and the steps for fulfilling them. We stressed the need to be guided by the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, proceed from China's conditions and realities, put people first, pass legislation for the benefit of the people, and further the implementation of the Constitution through well-developed laws. We also stressed the need to make laws scientifically and democratically, and constantly improve the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics. |
| 二、以提高立法質量為核心，立法工作邁出新步伐 | 2. We made progress in our legislative work, with the focus on raising the quality of legislation. |
| 一年來，常委會審議了15件法律和有關法律問題的決定草案，通過了其中的10件；涉及修改21部法律，新制定2部法律。 | Over the past year, the Standing Committee deliberated 15 bills and draft decisions on legal issues, of which ten of them were passed; and revised 21 laws and enacted two. |
| 第一，適應經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展需要，相繼完成一批重點立法項目。為促進旅游業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，常委會制定旅游法，重點保障旅游者的合法權益，規(guī)范旅游市場秩序和經(jīng)營活動，完善旅游糾紛解決機制，并明確規(guī)定了政府在規(guī)劃、促進和監(jiān)管旅游業(yè)發(fā)展等方面的責任。我國各類鍋爐、壓力容器、電梯、大型游樂設施等特種設備使用廣泛。常委會制定的特種設備安全法，重點強化了特種設備生產(chǎn)安裝、經(jīng)營使用、維護保養(yǎng)、檢驗檢測等全過程監(jiān)管，確立了特種設備身份管理制度、質量責任追溯制度、產(chǎn)品召回和報廢制度等，對于依法加強特種設備安全監(jiān)管、保護人民群眾生命財產(chǎn)安全具有重要意義。常委會對與人民群眾生活密切相關的消費者權益保護法作出重要修改，從充實細化消費者權益、強化經(jīng)營者義務與責任、規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡購物等新型消費方式、更好發(fā)揮消費者協(xié)會作用等方面，進一步完善相關法律規(guī)定，維護消費市場秩序，保護消費者合法權益。常委會還修改商標法，進一步簡化商標注冊、審查程序，擴大商標注冊范圍，厘清馳名商標保護制度，嚴格商標侵權行為的法律責任。 | First, we finished a number of key legislative projects to meet the needs of economic and social development. In order to ensure sustained, sound development of tourism, the Standing Committee enacted the Tourism Law, the main purpose of which is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of tourists; maintain order and standardize business activities in the tourism market; improve mechanisms for solving tourism disputes; and clarify the government's role in planning, promoting and overseeing the development of tourism. In light of the wide use of special equipment such as boilers, pressure vessels, elevators and escalators, and large recreational equipment in China, the Standing Committee enacted the Special Equipment Safety Law to stress the whole process of oversight and supervision of such equipment from manufacturing and installation to operation and use, maintenance, and inspection and testing, and then put in place systems for special equipment's identity management, quality accountability, and product's recalling and scrapping. This significantly strengthens safety oversight and supervision of special equipment and better protects people's life and property in accordance with the law. The Standing Committee made significant revisions to the Law on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests, which is closely related to people's lives. The revised law maintains market order and safeguards consumers' legitimate rights and interests by specifying them in greater detail, increasing the obligations and responsibilities of managers, standardizing online shopping and other new types of consumption, and giving consumers' associations a bigger role to play. The Standing Committee also revised the Trademark Law, streamlined trademark registration and examination procedures, made more items eligible for registration as trademarks, improved the protection system for famous trademarks, and tightened legal responsibilities for trademark infringement. |
| 常委會對環(huán)境保護法修訂草案進行了兩次審議。常委會組成人員強調，要充分認識環(huán)境保護工作的緊迫性、長期性和復雜性，深入分析環(huán)境問題產(chǎn)生的深層次原因，通過完善法律制度，加強環(huán)境管理過程控制，強化污染物排放行為監(jiān)管，加大違法行為懲治力度，著力解決群眾反映強烈的大氣、水、土壤污染等環(huán)境突出問題，努力從根本上扭轉環(huán)境質量惡化趨勢。常委會還審議了資產(chǎn)評估法草案和行政訴訟法、軍事設施保護法、安全生產(chǎn)法修正案草案等。 | The Standing Committee deliberated draft revisions to the Environmental Protection Law twice. Its members stressed the need to be fully aware that protecting the environment is an urgent and complex task that requires long-term efforts. It is necessary to fully analyze the deep-rooted reasons for environmental problems, work to solve prominent environmental problems that the people are concerned about, such as air, water and soil pollution, and strive to fundamentally reverse environmental deterioration by improving laws and regulations, strengthening supervision over the process of environmental management, tightening oversight of the discharge of pollutants, and inflicting harsher punishments for illegal practices. The Standing Committee also deliberated the draft of the Asset Evaluation Law and the draft revisions to the Administrative Procedures Law, the Military Facilities Protection Law and the Law on Production Safety. |
| 第二，及時通過相關決定、決議，保證重大改革依法有序進行。貫徹落實中央部署和十二屆全國人大一次會議批準的《國務院機構改革和職能轉變方案》，常委會采取一攬子修改的方式，先后通過關于修改文物保護法等12部法律的決定、關于修改海洋環(huán)境保護法等7部法律的決定，授權國務院在中國（上海）自由貿易試驗區(qū)暫時調整有關法律規(guī)定的行政審批，取消和下放一批行政審批事項，創(chuàng)新對外開放模式，改革工商登記制度。這有利于進一步簡政放權，激發(fā)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展活力，使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發(fā)揮政府作用。 | Second, we adopted timely decisions and resolutions to ensure law-based, orderly progress of major reforms. In carrying out arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and implementing the Plan for the Reform of State Council Bodies and the Transformation of Their Functions approved at the First Session of the Twelfth NPC, the Standing Committee decided to revise a package of laws and adopted the decision to revise 12 laws including the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics and the decision to revise the Law on the Protection of the Marine Environment and six other laws. It also authorized the State Council to make provisional adjustments to items subject to its review and approval required by law, eliminate or delegate a number of items requiring its review and approval, create new patterns for opening to the outside world, and reform the industrial and commercial registration system in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone. This helped further streamline administration and delegate more power to lower-level governments, invigorate economic and social development, ensure that the market plays a decisive role in allocating resources and make the government better play its role. |
| 黨的十八屆三中全會明確提出，廢止勞動教養(yǎng)制度，逐步調整完善生育政策。國務院提出相關議案后，常委會經(jīng)過認真審議，通過關于廢止有關勞動教養(yǎng)法律規(guī)定的決定，明確廢止全國人大常委會的相關決議及《國務院關于勞動教養(yǎng)問題的決定》、《國務院關于勞動教養(yǎng)的補充規(guī)定》；通過關于調整完善生育政策的決議，啟動實施一方是獨生子女的夫婦可生育兩個孩子的政策。 | The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee clearly stipulated that the system for reeducation through labor be abolished and progressive adjustments and improvements be made to birth policies. After the State Council put forward motions to that effect, the Standing Committee carried out careful deliberation and adopted the decision to repeal laws and regulations concerning reeducation through labor and unequivocally revoked previous resolutions of the NPC Standing Committee on this punishment as well as two documents of the State Council concerning it - the Decision of the State Council on Reeducation through Labor and the Supplementary Regulations of the State Council on Reeducation through Labor. It also adopted the decision to adjust and improve birth policies and introduced the policy allowing couples to have a second child if one parent is an only child. |
| 第三，通過有關歷史紀念日的決定，進一步弘揚愛國主義精神。為了牢記歷史、不忘過去、珍愛和平、開創(chuàng)未來，常委會根據(jù)近年來全國人大代表、全國政協(xié)委員和社會各界人士提出的建議，審議通過了關于確定中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭勝利紀念日的決定，將9月3日確定為中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭勝利紀念日；審議通過了關于設立南京大屠殺死難者國家公祭日的決定，將12月13日設立為南京大屠殺死難者國家公祭日。全國人大常委會以立法形式確立這兩個紀念日，對于進一步凝聚全國各族人民的意志和力量，實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興的中國夢，促進人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)，具有十分重要的意義。 | Third, we adopted decisions on anniversaries of some historical events and promoted patriotism. In order to ensure that the Chinese people bear history firmly in their mind, not forget the past, treasure peace, and break new ground, the Standing Committee deliberated and adopted the decision on making September 3rd Victory Day in the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the decision on making December 13th National Memorial Day for Nanjing Massacre Victims. The legal framework created by the NPC Standing Committee to establish these two anniversaries played a significant role in pooling the will and strength of the people of all of our ethnic groups, realizing the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and promoting the lofty cause of human peace and development. |
| 第四，積極推進科學立法、民主立法，著力提高立法質量。當前，人民群眾對立法的期盼，是法律管不管用、能不能解決實際問題。常委會把提高立法質量擺在更加突出的位置，完善立法工作機制和方式，立法科學化、民主化水平不斷提高。 | Fourth, we worked vigorously to make legislation more scientific and democratic and raise its quality. At present, what the general public expects of our legislative work is that laws work well and are capable of solving practical problems. The Standing Committee gave higher priority to raising the quality of legislation, improved the mechanisms and methods of legislative work, and constantly made legislation more scientific and democratic. |
| 一是增強法律的可執(zhí)行性、可操作性。針對一些法律規(guī)定比較原則、需要制定的配套法規(guī)和規(guī)章過多等問題，強調要科學嚴密設計法律規(guī)范，能具體就盡量具體，能明確就盡量明確，努力使制定和修改的法律立得住、行得通、切實管用。常委會在制定特種設備安全法的過程中，認真總結特種設備安全監(jiān)管實踐經(jīng)驗，對二次審議稿作出較大幅度的補充和細化，僅法律草案條文就從72條增加到了101條。 | 1) We made laws more enforceable and practicable. Because some laws are too general and need too many supporting regulations and rules, the Standing Committee emphasized that laws must be scientific and well-conceived and as specific and explicit as possible in order to ensure that all enacted and revised laws are well grounded, enforceable, and practicable. When enacting the Special Equipment Safety Law, the Standing Committee carefully reviewed practical experience in overseeing and supervising special equipment safety and greatly amplified the second draft of the law submitted for deliberation and made it more detailed, increasing its draft clauses from 72 to 101. |
| 二是探索法律出臺前評估工作。在旅游法草案提請審議表決前，我們邀請部分全國人大代表、旅游者和旅游經(jīng)營者、專家學者召開座談會，對法律草案內容的可行性、法律出臺時機以及實施后的社會效果等進行綜合評估，為立法決策提供參考。此后，又針對3部法律草案開展法律出臺前評估。實踐證明，這有利于把正向思維和逆向思維結合起來，既重視法律適用對象和專家學者的意見，也認真考慮法律執(zhí)行部門的意見，使得立法工作更加科學周全。 | 2) We explored ways to assess laws before their promulgation. Before the draft of the Tourism Law was submitted for deliberation and vote, we invited some NPC deputies, tourists, travel agencies and experts to a conference at which comprehensive assessments were made of the feasibility of the draft and the timing of the law's promulgation, as well as its social effect after implementation to provide reference materials for making legislative decisions. Later on, such assessments were made of three other draft laws. Experience has proven that this is beneficial to integrating forward and reverse thinking and giving consideration not only to the opinions of experts and people affected by the laws but also to the comments of law enforcement departments, thus making our legislative work more scientific and comprehensive. |
| 三是完善公布法律草案征求意見機制。在向社會公布法律草案一次審議稿的基礎上，明確法律草案二次審議稿也要向社會全文公布，繼續(xù)廣泛征求各方面意見和建議。同時，健全公眾意見采納情況反饋機制，積極回應社會關切。在制定旅游法、修改商標法和消費者權益保護法的過程中，針對公眾反映比較集中的零負團費、強迫購物等旅游亂象，商標審查時間過長、網(wǎng)絡購物實行無理由退貨等問題，從法律上作出明確規(guī)定。 | 3) We improved the mechanism for promulgating draft laws for public suggestions. By promulgating first drafts, we made it clear we will also make full texts of second drafts known to the public to further solicit comments and suggestions of everyone. At the same time, we improved the mechanism for giving feedback to people and actively responded to their concerns. In the process of enacting the Tourism Law and revising the Trademark Law and the Law on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests, we provided explicit legal provisions on issues of greatest concern to the public, such as deceptive zero-fee tours, forced shopping and other irregularities in the tourism market, the overly long trademark review period, and the problem of getting unconditional refunds when cancelling a purchase made online. |
| 一年來，常委會還決定批準我國與外國締結的條約、協(xié)定以及加入的國際公約4件，決定和批準任免一批國家機關工作人員。 | Over the past year, the Standing Committee ratified four treaties or agreements with foreign countries or international conventions that China concluded, and made decisions on and approved the appointment or removal of a number of employees in state bodies. |
| 三、以增強監(jiān)督實效為重點，監(jiān)督工作取得新進展 | 3. We made progress in our oversight work with the focus on making our oversight more effective. |
| 常委會堅持圍繞大局、突出重點，認真行使監(jiān)督職權，著眼于增強監(jiān)督實效，進一步完善監(jiān)督方式方法，加大對“一府兩院”的監(jiān)督力度。一年來，共聽取審議國務院、最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院15個工作報告，檢查4部法律實施情況，組織開展3次專題詢問和5次專題調研。 | The Standing Committee conscientiously performed its oversight functions and powers, focusing on serving the overall interests of the country and emphasizing priorities; and improved oversight methods and strengthened its oversight of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate with the focus on making oversight more effective. Over the past year, we listened to and deliberated 15 work reports of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate; inspected compliance with four laws; conducted three special inquiries; and carried out five special investigations and studies. |
| 第一，加強對經(jīng)濟工作的監(jiān)督。常委會聽取審議了國務院關于“十二五”規(guī)劃綱要實施中期評估、計劃執(zhí)行情況以及深入實施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略、城鎮(zhèn)化建設、農(nóng)村金融改革發(fā)展等工作報告，還開展了民族區(qū)域自治法實施情況專題調研。常委會組成人員指出，在黨中央領導下，全國上下團結奮斗、共同努力，我國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展穩(wěn)中有進、穩(wěn)中向好，實現(xiàn)了良好開局。強調要認真貫徹落實中央全面深化改革的決策部署，堅持穩(wěn)中求進、改革創(chuàng)新，高度重視經(jīng)濟運行中存在的突出問題，加快轉變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式，切實提高經(jīng)濟發(fā)展質量和效益，確?！笆濉币?guī)劃綱要提出的各項目標任務如期實現(xiàn)。要繼續(xù)把深入實施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略放在區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的優(yōu)先位置，進一步加快西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、民生改善、環(huán)境保護步伐；采取找水、調水、節(jié)水等多種措施緩解西部水資源短缺問題，加強公路、鐵路、鄉(xiāng)村道路等基礎設施建設，不斷提升西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展保障能力。要堅持走中國特色新型城鎮(zhèn)化道路，以推進農(nóng)業(yè)轉移人口市民化為重點，加快推進基本公共服務均等化，改善城市生態(tài)環(huán)境質量，完善城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化體制機制。要深化農(nóng)村金融改革，加大金融支農(nóng)力度，加強對農(nóng)村金融的政策支持，為農(nóng)村發(fā)展、農(nóng)民增收、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化作出積極貢獻。 |
First, we strengthened oversight of economic work. The Standing Committee listened to and deliberated the State Council's work reports on the interim assessment of the implementation of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and on implementing China's 2013 plan for national economic and social development, fully implementing the strategy for large-scale development of the western region, advancing urbanization, and promoting financial reform and development in rural areas. It also carried out investigations and studies on compliance with the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy. Members of the Standing Committee noted that under the leadership of the Party Central Committee, the whole nation worked hard as one and economic and social development progressed steadily and improved, getting the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period off to a good start. The Standing Committee stressed the following four points: 1) It is necessary to conscientiously implement the Party Central Committee's policy and arrangements for comprehensively deepening reform; steadfastly seek progress while maintaining stability, and carry out reform and make innovations; attach great importance to serious economic problems; accelerate transformation of the growth model; effectively improve the quality and returns of economic growth; and ensure that the objectives and tasks set forth in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan are accomplished on schedule. 2) In implementing the strategy for regional development, we should continue to give high priority to the strategy of large-scale development of the western region. It is necessary to accelerate economic growth, improvement in people's wellbeing, and environmental protection efforts in the western region; and explore for, divert and conserve water to alleviate the shortage of water resources in the region, and work harder to build highways, railways, rural roads and other infrastructure in order to constantly improve our capabilities to ensure economic and social development in the western region. 3) It is necessary to strive for a new type of urbanization with Chinese characteristics; and provide equal access to basic public services more quickly, improve the quality of the environment in cities, and refine systems and mechanisms for integrating urban and rural development, with the focus on granting urban residency to those who have left agricultural work. 4) It is necessary to deepen rural financial reform, increase financial support for agriculture, and offer more policy support to rural finance in order to make positive contributions to rural development, rural income growth and agricultural modernization. |
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第二，加強財政預算決算審查監(jiān)督。一是在6月份的常委會會議上聽取審議2012年中央決算報告和審計工作報告，審查批準2012年中央決算，在8月份的常委會會議上聽取審議前7個月預算執(zhí)行情況的報告。要求國務院及其有關部門牢固樹立過緊日子的思想，堅持開源節(jié)流、勤儉節(jié)約，在節(jié)支上下更大功夫，堅持量入為出，嚴格財政管理，切實提高財政資金使用效益。二是在10月份的常委會會議上，聽取審議關于國家財政科技資金分配與使用情況的報告。重點就某一具體領域財政資金的使用情況開展監(jiān)督，這在常委會監(jiān)督工作中還是第一次，是對深化財政預算監(jiān)督的有益嘗試。三是組織開展政府全口徑預算決算審查監(jiān)督專題調研，提出加強對政府全口徑預算決算審查監(jiān)督工作的思路和措施，推動有關方面完善公共財政預算、政府性基金預算、國有資本經(jīng)營預算和社會保險基金預算制度。 |
Second, we strengthened budget and final account review and oversight. 1) At its June meeting, the Standing Committee listened to and deliberated the reports on the central government's final accounts and auditing work in 2012, and reviewed and approved the former. At its August meeting, the Standing Committee listened to and deliberated a report on the implementation of the budget for the first seven months of fiscal year 2013. We urged the State Council and its departments to be more frugal, increase revenue and reduce expenditures, work hard and be economical, do more to reduce expenditures, limit spending to what is affordable, tighten fiscal management, and use government funds more efficiently. 2) At its October meeting, the Standing Committee listened to and deliberated a report on the allocation and use of government funds for science and technology. This was the first time the Standing Committee oversaw the use of government funds for a specific purpose, and it was a useful attempt to intensify its budget oversight. 3) We organized investigations and studies on the examination and oversight of all government budgets and final accounts and set forth the thinking and measures for strengthening this work, and urged relevant government departments to improve budgeting systems for public finances, government-managed funds, state capital operations, and social security. |
| 第三，加強對民生工作的監(jiān)督。常委會聽取審議了關于農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)工作情況的報告，充分肯定我國扶貧開發(fā)工作取得的巨大成就，強調要堅定不移地貫徹落實中央扶貧開發(fā)工作決策部署，因地制宜、分類指導，抓住重點、注重實效，加快推進集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)扶貧攻堅工作。要把抓好貧困地區(qū)教育作為解決貧困代際傳遞問題的重要途徑，切實保障扶貧對象子女接受義務教育，讓更多貧困地區(qū)的孩子接受職業(yè)教育和高等教育。常委會檢查了義務教育法實施情況，要求各級政府積極回應群眾期盼，全面貫徹落實教育方針，大力促進教育公平，合理配置教育資源，減輕中小學生課業(yè)負擔，加強農(nóng)村教師隊伍建設，讓孩子們有學上、上好學。在聽取審議傳染病防治工作情況報告時，強調要健全部門間聯(lián)防聯(lián)控工作機制，支持西部、農(nóng)村地區(qū)防治體系建設，加大傳染病防治法律法規(guī)宣傳力度，全面提升傳染病防治工作水平。 | Third, we improved oversight of the work relating to people's wellbeing. The Standing Committee listened to and deliberated a report on poverty relief and development work in rural areas and fully affirmed the enormous achievements that were made. We emphasized the need to unwaveringly implement the CPC Central Committee's policies and arrangements on poverty reduction and development work, adapt measures to local conditions and give guidance tailored to the situation, focus on key areas and seek substantive results, and alleviate poverty in poor contiguous areas more quickly. We also stressed the need to focus on providing education in poor areas as an important way to prevent poverty from being passed to future generations, effectively ensure that children of the poor receive compulsory education, and enable more children in poor areas to receive vocational or higher education. The Standing Committee inspected compliance with the Law on Compulsory Education, and called on governments at all levels to live up to the people's expectations, fully implement the Party's education policy, promote equality in education, appropriately allocate education resources, lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students, and improve the ranks of rural teachers, so that children can attend school and do well in their studies. When listening to and deliberating a report on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, the Standing Committee stressed the need to improve the work mechanism for different government departments working together to prevent and control infectious diseases, support the development of a prevention and control system in the western region and rural areas, intensify publicity of laws and regulations on infectious disease prevention and treatment, and comprehensively improve work in this area. |
| 第四，加強對生態(tài)環(huán)境保護的監(jiān)督。常委會聽取審議了關于生態(tài)補償機制建設工作情況的報告，開展了可再生能源法、氣象法執(zhí)法檢查。常委會組成人員指出，保護生態(tài)環(huán)境、建設美麗中國需要全社會共同參與，要按照誰開發(fā)誰保護、誰受益誰補償?shù)脑瓌t，加快生態(tài)補償機制建設，落實生態(tài)補償政策。要依法加強對可再生能源發(fā)展規(guī)劃的修編和管理，繼續(xù)加大財政補貼和稅收優(yōu)惠力度，大力加強關鍵技術研發(fā)應用，為可再生能源發(fā)展提供有力支撐。要加強氣象現(xiàn)代化建設，增強氣象防災減災能力，提高氣象預報和災害性天氣預警準確率，強化氣候資源科學利用和有效保護。 | Fourth, we strengthened oversight of environmental protection. The Standing Committee listened to and deliberated a report on developing a mechanism for compensating for ecological damage and carried out inspections of compliance with the Law on Renewal Energy and the Meteorology Law. Members of the Standing Committee noted that protecting the environment and building a beautiful China require the participation of the whole society and that it is necessary to implement the policy of compensation for ecological damage and accelerate development of a mechanism for compensating for ecological damage based on the principle that developers are responsible for protecting the environment and those who damage it must provide compensation. Members of the Standing Committee specified that it is necessary to strengthen the revision and management of the renewable energy development plan in accordance with the law, further increase government subsidies and tax breaks, and strengthen R&D and application of key technologies in order to provide strong support for the development of renewable energy. The members also specified that it is necessary to step up efforts in meteorology modernization, become better able to use meteorology to prevent and mitigate natural disasters, make weather forecasts and warnings of disastrous weather more accurate, utilize climatic resources in a more scientific way and protect them more effectively. |
| 第五，加強對權力運行的制約和監(jiān)督。常委會先后就公安機關執(zhí)法規(guī)范化建設、人民陪審員工作、檢察機關反貪污賄賂工作情況等，聽取審議國務院、最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院的相關工作報告，并檢查了行政復議法實施情況。常委會組成人員指出，健全權力運行制約和監(jiān)督體系，關鍵是要讓人民監(jiān)督權力，讓權力在陽光下運行，把權力關進制度的籠子里。各級執(zhí)法、司法機關要堅持用制度管權管事管人，加大依法懲治腐敗力度，加強執(zhí)法和司法工作制度化、規(guī)范化建設，努力讓人民群眾在每一起案件中都感受到公平正義。 | Fifth, we strengthened limits on and oversight of the exercise of state power. The Standing Committee listened to and deliberated the State Council's report on standardizing law enforcement by public security agencies, the Supreme People's Court's report on the work of jurors, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate's report on procuratorial organs' fight against graft and corruption. The Standing Committee also inspected compliance with the Law on Administrative Review. Its members stated that the key to improving the system that limits and oversees state power is to grant oversight power to the people, exercise power openly, and institutionalize the exercise of state power. Law enforcement and judicial bodies at all levels must use institutional means to oversee the exercise of state power, the handling of state affairs and the conduct of personnel, redouble their efforts in the fight against corruption and the punishment of corrupt people in accordance with the law, make their law enforcement and judicial work more institutionalized and standardized, and strive to ensure that the people feel that every case is handled fairly and justly. |
| 第六，提高專題詢問的質量和實效。專題詢問是人大監(jiān)督“一府兩院”工作的一種重要形式。結合審議傳染病防治、國家財政科技資金分配與使用、農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)等報告，常委會先后開展了3次專題詢問。我們在認真總結以往經(jīng)驗的基礎上，進一步改進各個環(huán)節(jié)的組織工作，充分發(fā)揮專題詢問的建設性和促進性作用。一是深入調查研究，提高詢問質量。常委會組成人員想人民之所想、急人民之所急，通過詢問提出社會普遍關注的急需解決的問題，抓住重點、切中要害。二是加強交流互動，討論更加深入。常委會組成人員既可以事先報名參加詢問，也可以現(xiàn)場主動提問，還可以就有關部門的答復進行追問；國務院有關部門負責人回答問題實事求是、真誠坦率，不回避不推諉，用改進工作的實際行動回應人民群眾呼聲。三是提高透明度，推動整改落實。通過多種方式報道專題詢問實況，積極探索實時圖文直播；責成有關專門委員會加強對突出問題的跟蹤監(jiān)督，督促國務院有關部門努力將專題詢問的成果轉化為改進工作的實效。 |
Sixth, we improved the quality and effects of special inquiries. Special inquiries are an important way the NPC oversees the work of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate. The Standing Committee conducted inquiries on prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, allocation and use of government funds for science and technology, and poverty relief and development work in rural areas. Having reviewed past experience, we improved organization of all aspects of special inquiries to make such inquiries more constructive and helpful. 1) We carried out in-depth investigations and studies to improve the quality of inquiries. Members of the Standing Committee shared the concerns of the people, focused their inquiries on key areas and identified pressing problems of public concern. 2) Members of the Standing Committee exchanged more ideas and deepened discussions with government departments. The members could either register beforehand to participate in inquiries or simply ask questions on the spot, and they could ask follow-up questions addressed to the answers given by government departments. Leaders of the relevant State Council departments answered inquiries informatively and frankly, did not evade questions or shift responsibility onto others, and responded to the people's voice with concrete improvements in their work. 3) We made inquiries more transparent to ensure problems identified are rectified. The Standing Committee used a variety of ways to report its inquiries and explored the idea of live broadcasts. It also assigned special committees to strengthen follow-up oversight of serious problems, and urged relevant State Council departments to turn the results of inquiries into improvements in work. |
| 常委會高度重視規(guī)范性文件備案審查工作，著力加強主動審查。一年來，對國務院新制定的19件行政法規(guī)，最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院新制定的32件司法解釋，逐件逐條進行審查，對審查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的同憲法和法律相抵觸的問題，督促制定機關及時修改或廢止。 | The Standing Committee paid great attention to the records review of normative documents and took the initiative to strengthen the review of them. We reviewed 19 new administrative regulations of the State Council and 32 legal interpretations of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate one by one for the past year, and we urged them to promptly revise or rescind those that conflict with the Constitution and laws. |
| 上屆常委會部署的司法解釋集中清理工作，是新中國成立以來首次對現(xiàn)行有效的司法解釋和司法解釋性質文件進行全面集中清理。本屆常委會聽取審議了相關工作情況的報告，要求健全司法解釋清理工作常態(tài)化機制，強調司法解釋應遵循立法原意和法律確定的原則，在法律規(guī)定的范圍內作出具體應用法律的解釋，維護國家法制統(tǒng)一，保證法律正確實施。 | The Standing Committee of the last NPC arranged the work of reviewing all of China's judicial interpretations and documents with the force of judicial interpretations currently in effect. This is the first comprehensive, concentrated review of its kind since the founding of New China. The Standing Committee of the current NPC listened to and deliberated the report on this work, set forth the requirement to improve the mechanism to make this work a regular practice, and emphasized that such interpretations should be in accord with the intentions of the laws they interpret and established legal principles, help with the practical application of those laws within the laws' scope, safeguard the unity of the country's legal system, and ensure the correct implementation of the laws. |
| 四、支持和保障代表依法執(zhí)行職務，充分發(fā)揮代表作用 | 4. We supported deputies in exercising their duties in accordance with the law and got them to fully play their role. |
| 全國人大代表是最高國家權力機關的組成人員。尊重代表主體地位，提高代表素質，發(fā)揮代表作用，是做好人大工作的基礎。常委會進一步完善代表服務保障工作機制，提高代表服務保障工作水平，代表參與管理國家事務的作用得到進一步發(fā)揮。 | Deputies to the NPC are members of the country's highest organ of state power. Respecting their principal position, improving their quality, and getting them to fully play their role are the basis for doing the work of people's congresses well. The Standing Committee improved the mechanism for providing services for deputies and served them better, and deputies better played their role in participating in the administration of state affairs. |
| 第一，完善代表聯(lián)系群眾制度。組建260個全國人大代表小組，支持代表小組積極開展活動，通過多種方式聽取和反映人民群眾的意見要求；部分委員長會議組成人員、常委會組成人員回到原選舉單位參加代表小組活動，同基層代表交流履職情況。組織1740名代表參加專題調研，1700名代表參加集中視察，形成調研報告110余份，為中央和地方?jīng)Q策提供了重要參考；組織港澳臺代表分赴廣東、廣西、吉林、江西等地開展視察調研。 | First, we improved the system by which deputies maintain contact with the people. We divided the deputies to the NPC into 260 groups, supported their active activities, and listened to and reported on the people's opinions and requests through a variety of ways. Some members of the Chairperson's Council and the Standing Committee participated in activities of groups of deputies in their places of election, and discussed the performance of the NPC's duties with deputies from local levels. We organized 1,740 deputies to conduct investigations and studies on special topics and 1,700 deputies to participate in inspection tours. These investigations generated over 110 reports, which provided the central and local authorities with important reference materials for making policy decisions. We arranged for deputies from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan to carry out inspections, investigations and studies in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jilin, and Jiangxi. |
| 第二，健全常委會聯(lián)系代表制度。研究制定委員長會議組成人員聯(lián)系全國人大代表的意見，明確委員長會議組成人員分別直接聯(lián)系5名以上全國人大代表。這是常委會加強同代表聯(lián)系、轉變工作作風的一項重要舉措。進一步擴大代表對常委會、專門委員會工作的參與，列席每次常委會會議的代表人數(shù)增加至66名，同時邀請更多代表參加執(zhí)法檢查、立法評估和調研等活動，認真聽取相關代表的意見和建議。比如，修改商標法時就充分吸納了代表提出的制止惡意搶注行為、明確商標和企業(yè)字號沖突處理辦法、規(guī)定懲罰性賠償?shù)冉ㄗh；審議生態(tài)補償機制建設工作情況報告時，將代表提出的適當上調生態(tài)公益林和草原生態(tài)補償標準等建議，匯總納入常委會組成人員審議意見，送交有關部門研究辦理。 | Second, we improved the system by which the Standing Committee maintains contact with deputies. We formulated guidelines for creating closer ties between members of the Chairperson's Council and NPC deputies, which clearly specify that each member of the Chairperson's Council should maintain direct contact with at least five NPC deputies. This is an important measure adopted by the Standing Committee to strengthen its ties with deputies and improve its conduct. We expanded the participation of deputies in the work of the Standing Committee and special committees, and the number of deputies sitting on a meeting of the Standing Committee was increased to 66. We also invited more deputies to participate in such activities as law enforcement inspections, legislative assessments, and investigations and studies; and conscientiously listened to deputies' comments and suggestions. For example, when revising the Trademark Law, we fully adopted suggestions of deputies on prohibiting pirate registration of trademarks in bad faith, clarifying how to resolve legal matters involving trademark and trade name conflicts, and specifying awards for punitive damages. When we deliberated the report on developing the mechanism of compensation for ecological damage, deputies proposed increasing ecological compensation commensurate with improvements made in the ecosystems of public forests and grasslands. We incorporated their proposals into the comments of Standing Committee members, and turned them over to relevant departments to be looked into and handled. |
| 第三，做好代表議案審議和建議辦理工作。注重把審議代表議案同立法工作結合起來，認真梳理分析代表議案比較集中的立法項目，將169件議案提出的51個項目列入立法規(guī)劃和立法計劃；在制定修改法律的過程中，認真考慮、盡量采納代表議案提出的相關內容，邀請?zhí)岢鲎h案的領銜代表參與立法調研座談。注重把辦理代表建議同推動改進工作結合起來，確定12項重點處理建議，涉及728位代表和10個代表團提出的166件建議，交有關專門委員會督辦。代表提出的關于積極穩(wěn)妥推進城鎮(zhèn)化建設、完善生態(tài)補償機制、加大貧困地區(qū)扶貧開發(fā)力度、防治大氣污染、發(fā)展清潔能源、完善社會救助體系等建議，在國務院和有關方面出臺的政策措施中得到充分體現(xiàn)。目前，十二屆全國人大一次會議主席團交付有關專門委員會審議的401件代表議案，已全部審議完畢；代表提出的7569件建議也已全部辦理完畢并答復代表，建議所提問題得到解決或者計劃逐步解決的占建議總數(shù)的81%。 | Third, we deliberated deputies' bills and handled their proposals well. We combined deliberation of deputies' bills with legislative work, combed and analyzed the legislative items deputies' bills focused on, and incorporated 51 items set forth in 169 bills into legislative programs and plans. In the process of enacting and revising laws, we gave full consideration to what was relevant and accepted all we could, and invited the lead authors of bills to participate in legislative studies and discussions. We handled deputies' proposals while improving our work. We selected 12 key proposals reflected in the 166 proposals put forth by 728 deputies and 10 delegations for handling under the supervision of the relevant special committees. Proposals made by deputies on advancing urbanization both actively and prudently, improving the mechanism of compensation for ecological damage, intensifying poverty alleviation and development in poor areas, preventing and controlling air pollution, developing clean energy, and improving the social assistance system were fully reflected in policies and measures introduced by the State Council and other relevant bodies. At present, special committees have completed deliberation on the 401 bills of deputies referred to them by the Presidium of the First Session of the Twelfth NPC; and the 7,569 proposals of deputies have all been handled and feedback has been given to deputies, and 81% of the problems brought up in proposals have been solved or plans have been made for solving them progressively. |
| 常委會高度重視代表學習培訓，全年共舉辦代表履職學習班4期，1200余名代表參加學習，代表依法履職能力進一步提高。 | The Standing Committee attaches great importance to deputies' study and training and last year held four study sessions for them to better perform their duties. More than 1,200 deputies attended the study sessions, where they improved their ability to perform their duties in accordance with the law. |
| 代表選舉是人民代表大會制度的基礎。湖南省衡陽市發(fā)生的以賄賂手段破壞選舉的違紀違法案件，性質嚴重，影響惡劣，給我們以深刻警示。必須切實加強對人大代表選舉工作的組織領導，堅持嚴格依法按程序辦事，切實加強人大代表思想、作風建設，堅決維護人民代表大會制度的權威和尊嚴，維護社會主義民主政治的權威和尊嚴，維護憲法法律的權威和尊嚴。 | The election of deputies is the foundation of the system of people's congresses. The case of vote buying that occurred in Hengyang in the province of Hunan was a serious violation of the law and discipline. It exerted a baneful influence and gave us a stern warning. We must strengthen the organization and leadership of the election of NPC deputies; act strictly in accordance with the law and prescribed procedures; improve the NPC deputies' way of thinking and conduct; and uphold the authority and sanctity of the system of people's congresses, the authority and sanctity of socialist democracy, and the authority and sanctity of the Constitution and laws. |
| 五、服從服務于國家外交大局，做好人大對外交往工作 | 5. We complied with and served China's diplomacy and did the NPC's foreign relations work well. |
| 全國人大對外交往是國家總體外交的重要組成部分。我們堅持服從服務于國家外交大局，充分發(fā)揮人大對外交往的特點和優(yōu)勢，加強同外國議會和國際議會組織的交流與合作，為維護和用好我國發(fā)展的重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期，維護國家主權、安全、發(fā)展利益作出新的貢獻。 | The NPC's foreign relations are an important component of China's overall diplomacy. We steadfastly complied with and served China's diplomacy, and fully utilized the characteristics and advantages of the NPC in developing foreign relations to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with foreign parliaments and congresses and international parliamentary organizations, thereby making new contributions to safeguarding and exploiting the important period of strategic opportunity for China's development and safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests. |
| 積極開展與俄羅斯、烏干達、尼日利亞、斯洛伐克、波蘭、伊朗、泰國、巴基斯坦等國議會高層交往，深化與周邊國家、發(fā)展中國家和新興市場國家的友好關系。穩(wěn)妥推進議會機制交流，順利召開與俄羅斯、韓國、英國、法國、德國、加拿大、澳大利亞以及歐洲議會等國家和地區(qū)議會的交流機制會議，保持與美國國會定期交流機制的延續(xù)性。充分發(fā)揮專門委員會、雙邊友好小組和工作機構的作用，加強對口交流和友好往來。認真做好外國議會代表團來訪接待工作，充實和豐富交流內容。廣泛參與議會多邊外交，在各國議會聯(lián)盟、東盟各國議會間大會、拉美議會等國際和地區(qū)議會組織中發(fā)揮建設性作用。 | We actively developed high-level contacts with the national parliaments or congresses of other countries including Russia, Uganda, Nigeria, Slovakia, Poland, Iran, Thailand and Pakistan, and deepened friendship with neighboring countries, other developing countries and emerging market economies. We steadily promoted exchanges with foreign congresses or parliaments under the mechanism of regular exchanges, and on its basis held meetings with the national congresses or parliaments of Russia, the Republic of Korea, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Canada and Australia as well as with regional parliaments such as the European Parliament and also maintained continuity of regular exchanges with the United States Congress. We got the special committees, bilateral friendship groups and the executive bodies of the Standing Committee to strengthen foreign relations and exchanges in their specific fields. We did a good job in receiving visiting delegations of other countries' congresses or parliaments, and enriched the content of communication with them. We also extensively engaged in multilateral diplomatic activities among parliaments and congresses and played a constructive role in the Inter-Parliamentary Union, the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly, the Latin American Parliament, and other international and regional parliamentary organizations. |
| 在對外交往中，我們利用不同場合、采取多種形式，講好中國故事，傳播中國聲音。一是深刻闡述中國特色社會主義道路，全面介紹人民代表大會制度，廣泛宣傳中華民族偉大復興的中國夢，增進國際社會對我國內外政策的了解和理解。二是以加強立法和治國理政等方面的經(jīng)驗交流為重點，介紹我國民主法治建設成就，積極借鑒國外有益經(jīng)驗。三是以推動務實合作為核心，為深化經(jīng)貿合作、擴大人文交流營造良好法治環(huán)境，夯實國家關系發(fā)展的社會和民意基礎。 | In our foreign relations work, we told China's story and let its voice be heard in many forms on different occasions. First, we thoroughly expounded the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, explained the system of people's congresses in detail, and widely publicized the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, thereby helping the international community to better understand China's domestic and diplomatic policies. Second, with the focus on exchanging experiences with our foreign counterparts regarding legislation and state governance, we explained China's achievements in developing democracy and the rule of law, and learned from other countries' beneficial experiences. Third, with promoting pragmatic cooperation as the core, we worked to create a legal environment favorable for deepening economic and trade cooperation and expanding cultural and people-to-people exchanges with other countries, and strengthened the social and popular foundation for developing relations between China and other countries. |
| 針對有關國家在涉及我國核心利益和重大關切問題上的錯誤言行，通過發(fā)表全國人大外事委員會聲明、參加有關國際會議等，闡明我方嚴正立場，堅決維護國家利益。 | In response to erroneous statements and actions by certain countries concerning China's core interests and issues of vital importance to China, we solemnly made clear our position to resolutely safeguard China's national interests through declarations from the NPC's Foreign Affairs Committee and participation in relevant international conferences. |
| 六、加強人民代表大會制度研究，改進人大新聞宣傳工作 | 6. We strengthened research on the system of people's congresses and improved the NPC's information and publicity work. |
| 常委會從完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義制度、推進國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化的高度，大力加強人民代表大會制度研究，改進和加強人大新聞宣傳工作，堅定道路自信、理論自信、制度自信，推進人民代表大會制度理論和實踐創(chuàng)新。 | In order to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and modernize China's governance system and its governance capacity, the Standing Committee strengthened research on the system of people's congresses; improved and strengthened the NPC's information and publicity work; fortified its confidence in the socialist path, theories and system with Chinese characteristics; and carried out theoretical and practical innovations in the system of people's congresses. |
| 第一，加強對地方人大工作和人大自身建設的調研。去年，重點就加強和改進縣級人大工作進行了專題調研。委員長會議組成人員帶隊深入基層，實地了解代表履職和閉會期間活動情況，主持召開縣級人大工作座談會，深入探討人大工作面臨的新情況新問題，還書面征求31個省級人大常委會意見，全面了解縣級人大工作和自身建設基本情況、主要經(jīng)驗、突出問題和意見建議。強調要按照總結、繼承、完善、提高的原則，依法健全工作制度和工作機制，扎實推動各級人大工作完善發(fā)展；要把人民滿意當作第一標準，切實改進工作作風，努力把人大及其常委會建設成有效擔負起各項法定職責的機關。 | First, we intensified investigations and studies on the work and development of local people's congresses. Last year, we conducted investigations and studies on strengthening and improving the work of people's congresses at the county level. Teams led by members of the Chairperson's Council visited organizations at the community level to find out how deputies to people's congresses had performed their functions and what they had done when their congresses were not in session. These teams held conferences on the work of people's congresses at the county level to thoroughly discuss the new conditions and problems facing these congresses. They also requested the standing committees of the 31 people's congresses at the provincial level in writing to comment on these new conditions and problems. All this was for the purpose of understanding the general situation, main experiences, prominent problems, comments and suggestions concerning the work and development of people's congresses at the county level. The teams stressed the need to improve the work systems and mechanisms of people's congresses at all levels in accordance with the law and steadily improve and develop their work on the basis of the principle of reviewing work, drawing upon successes, making improvement and raising standards. The teams also stressed the need to take people's satisfaction as the highest standard of the work of people's congresses, truly improve their work style, and build people's congresses and their standing committees into bodies that can effectively perform all their legally mandated duties and functions. |
| 第二，推進人民代表大會制度理論研究。常委會高度重視人民代表大會制度理論研究，積極推進相關組織和平臺建設。今年1月，中國人民代表大會制度理論研究會正式成立。這既是加強人大制度理論研究的活動載體和交流平臺，也是全國人大常委會加強與地方人大聯(lián)系的新渠道。我們要認真總結人大制度發(fā)展經(jīng)驗，研討人大制度理論和實踐問題，探索人大工作特點和規(guī)律，為做好新形勢下的人大工作提供理論支撐和智力支持，使人大制度、人大工作更好地體現(xiàn)時代性，把握規(guī)律性，富于創(chuàng)造性。 | Second, we carried out theoretical research on the system of people's congresses. The Standing Committee attaches great importance to this research and actively promotes the establishment of relevant organizations and platforms. The China Society for Theoretical Research on the System of People's Congresses was officially founded in January this year. It is not only an organization through which activities are carried out and a platform on which exchanges are conducted to strengthen theoretical research on the system of people's congresses, but also a new channel through which the Standing Committee increases its contacts with local people's congresses. We need to conscientiously review the experience of developing the system of people's congresses, discuss theoretical and practical issues concerning this system, and explore the characteristics of and laws governing people's congresses' work in order to provide theoretical and intellectual support for them to do their work well under new conditions and make this system and the work of people's congresses better manifest the character of the times, follow the law of development and be full of creativity. |
| 第三，改進和加強人大新聞宣傳工作。加強立法全過程宣傳報道，對通過的法律及時作出權威解讀，加強輿論引導，使各方面準確理解立法的背景、目的和法律的原則、內容，為法律正確實施營造良好社會環(huán)境。提高監(jiān)督工作透明度，將專項工作報告、執(zhí)法檢查報告以及審議意見向全國人大代表通報，并通過中國人大網(wǎng)向社會公布，自覺接受人大代表和人民群眾監(jiān)督。召開人大新聞宣傳工作座談會，強調要適應新形勢新要求，增強做好人大新聞宣傳工作的責任感使命感，通過及時準確、內涵豐富、鮮活生動的宣傳報道，充分展現(xiàn)人大制度優(yōu)越性和人大工作新氣象。 | Third, we improved and strengthened the information and publicity work of the NPC. We increased publicity about and reports on the whole process of legislation, provided prompt authoritative interpretation of laws we passed and improved guidance on public opinion in order to get all sectors of society to better understand the background and purposes of the legislation and the principles and content of the laws and create a favorable social environment for correctly implementing the laws. We increased transparency in oversight work. We kept deputies to the NPC well informed about the special reports of the State Council, the reports on inspection of compliance with laws, and our comments on them, and also posted them online at the NPC's website www.npc.gov.cn so that deputies and ordinary people could exercise oversight. We held the Conference on the NPC's Information and Publicity Work and stressed that in order to meet new requirements in the new situation, we need to increase our sense of responsibility and mission to do the NPC's information and publicity work well, and fully demonstrate the advantages of the system of people's congresses and the new work of the NPC through prompt, accurate and vivid reports with rich content. |
| 七、切實加強常委會自身建設 | 7. We effectively strengthened the Standing Committee's self-improvement efforts. |
| 常委會堅持把思想政治建設擺在首位，全面貫徹黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本綱領、基本經(jīng)驗和基本要求，深入學習貫徹習近平總書記系列重要講話精神，自覺同以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央保持高度一致，堅決貫徹中央決策部署，堅定維護黨和國家工作大局。堅持民主集中制原則，牢固樹立法治觀念，嚴格依法按程序辦事。 | The Standing Committee always gave top priority to raising its intellectual and political standards; fully implemented the Party's basic theory, line, program, experience and requirements; thoroughly studied and put into practice the guiding principles of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches; consciously maintained a high level of unity with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary; resolutely implemented the Central Committee's policies and arrangements; and firmly safeguarded the work of the Party and country. We always adhered to the principle of democratic centralism, kept the rule of law firmly in mind, and did our work on the basis of procedures and in strict accordance with the law. |
| 大力加強作風建設。常委會黨組深入開展黨的群眾路線教育實踐活動，研究制定堅持黨的群眾路線、加強作風建設的意見和舉措，有力推動了常委會作風轉變。委員長會議審議通過委員長會議組成人員貫徹落實中央八項規(guī)定實施辦法，從改進調查研究等六個方面作出19條具體規(guī)定。常委會立法、監(jiān)督調研更加深入實際、深入基層，采取暗訪、蹲點調研、問卷調查、網(wǎng)上征求意見等多種形式，直接聽取群眾意見，實地了解突出問題。常委會會議切實改進會風，充分發(fā)揚民主，發(fā)言更加踴躍，審議更加充分，有力地提高了常委會的工作質量和水平。 | We intensified efforts to improve our style of work. The Leading Party Members' Group of the Standing Committee thoroughly carried out the campaign to heighten awareness of and implement the Party's mass line, and formulated guidelines and measures for adhering to the mass line and improving our style of work, which effectively brought about improvements in the Standing Committee's style of work. The Chairperson's Council of the NPC Standing Committee deliberated and approved the Measures of the Members of the Chairperson's Council for Implementing the CPC Central Committee's eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct and issued 19 specific provisions in six areas, such as improving investigations and studies. In investigations and studies on legislation and oversight, the Standing Committee paid closer attention to actual conditions and lower-level organizations, and directly solicited the views of the people and learned on the spot about pressing problems in a variety of ways, such as unannounced visits, field studies in selected locations, questionnaire surveys and online comments. The way Standing Committee meetings were held was effectively improved, democracy was brought into full play, participants eagerly awaited their turn to speak, and deliberation was more thorough. All this significantly improved the quality and level of the work of the Standing Committee. |
| 組織好常委會集體學習。我們提出努力把全國人大常委會建設成為學習型人大常委會的目標，要求把加強學習作為一項重要而緊迫的任務，貫穿于各項工作的全過程。認真學習貫徹黨的十八屆三中全會精神，強調要切實把思想和行動統(tǒng)一到中央關于全面深化改革的決策部署上來，充分發(fā)揮最高國家權力機關在全面深化改革中的作用。完善常委會專題講座制度，結合常委會中心工作和會議議程，有針對性地安排專題講座內容，努力做到學有所得、學有所用。 | The Standing Committee's group study sessions were well organized. We set the goal of making the Standing Committee a committee keen on learning, and made strengthening learning an important and urgent task throughout the whole process of all our work. We carefully studied and followed the guiding principles of the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee, and stressed the need to align our thinking and actions with the Central Committee's decision on and arrangements for comprehensively deepening reform and to get the NPC to fully play its role as the country's highest organ of state power in comprehensively deepening reform. We improved the system of Standing Committee lectures on special topics, selected lecture topics in line with the central work and meeting agendas of the Standing Committee, and strove to make sure that something useful was learned at the lectures. |
| 充分發(fā)揮專門委員會作用。全國人大各專門委員會緊緊圍繞全國人大及其常委會的中心任務，發(fā)揮人才薈萃、知識密集的優(yōu)勢，結合自身職責積極開展調查研究，認真研究、審議和擬訂有關議案，加強與有關方面溝通協(xié)調，在提高立法質量、增強監(jiān)督實效、發(fā)揮代表作用、開展對外交往等方面做了大量卓有成效的工作。 | We got the special committees of the NPC to fully play their role. Focusing on the central tasks of the NPC and its Standing Committee, the special committees made use of the abundant talent and immense knowledge of their members; vigorously carried out investigations and studies in line with their own functions and duties; conscientiously did research and deliberated and drafted bills related to their field; strengthened communication and coordination with relevant parties; and did a great deal of very fruitful work in improving quality of legislation, making oversight more effective, getting deputies to play their role, and developing foreign relations. |
| 加強同地方人大的聯(lián)系。舉辦3期地方人大常委會負責同志學習班和1期西藏人大工作學習班，召開第十九次全國地方立法研討會，委托省級人大常委會檢查有關法律實施情況，及時通報全國人大常委會的工作。委員長會議組成人員到地方調研，通過多種方式聽取地方人大常委會負責同志、各級人大代表的意見，了解情況，研究問題，推動相關工作。全國人大與地方人大的聯(lián)系和交流更加緊密、更加深入。 | We increased ties with local people's congresses. We held three study courses for leaders of the standing committees of local people's congresses and one study course on the work of people's congresses in Tibet, held the Nineteenth National Conference on Local Legislation, had the standing committees of provincial-level people's congresses investigate compliance with laws, and kept local people's congresses informed about the work of the NPC Standing Committee. Members of the Chairperson's Council conducted investigations and studies in localities, solicited the views of leaders of the standing committees of local people's congresses and deputies to people's congresses at all levels in various ways, learned about local conditions, studied issues, and gave impetus to relevant work. All this made communication and exchanges between the national and local people's congresses closer and deeper. |
| 全國人大機關深入開展黨的群眾路線教育實踐活動，全體黨員干部職工進一步堅定理想信念，鞏固宗旨意識，振奮精神狀態(tài)，轉變工作作風，參謀助手和服務保障工作水平明顯提高。 | The bodies of the NPC thoroughly carried out the campaign to heighten awareness of and implement the Party's mass line. As a result, their Party members, officials and staff further fortified their Communist ideals and convictions, heightened their awareness of the Party's purpose, boosted their morale, improved their style of work, and became noticeably better at assisting and supporting deputies. |
| 各位代表！ | Fellow Deputies, |
| 過去一年全國人大常委會取得的成績，是在以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央正確領導下，全國人大代表、常委會組成人員、各專門委員會組成人員以及全國人大機關工作人員辛勤勞動的結果，是國務院、最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院協(xié)同工作的結果，是地方各級人大及其常委會和全國各族人民大力支持的結果。在此，我代表全國人大常委會表示衷心感謝！ | The Standing Committee's achievements last year were made under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary and are the result of the hard work of NPC deputies, members of the NPC Standing Committee and special committees, and the staff of the offices of the NPC; the joint efforts of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate; and the full support of the local people's congresses at all levels and their standing committees as well as the people of all of China's ethnic groups. On behalf of the NPC Standing Committee, I would like to express heartfelt appreciation to you all. |
| 我們清醒地看到，常委會的工作與人民的期望、代表的要求還有不小差距。比如，立法工作中常委會的組織協(xié)調作用還有待加強；監(jiān)督工作中跟蹤督辦的機制還有待完善；有的立法、監(jiān)督調研存在深入基層、深入群眾、回應關切不夠的問題；加強常委會同代表的聯(lián)系還需要進一步做細做實，等等。我們將自覺接受人民監(jiān)督，虛心聽取代表意見，更好地發(fā)揮全國人大及其常委會作為最高國家權力機關、依法履行職責的工作機關和密切聯(lián)系人民群眾的代表機關的作用。 | We are keenly aware that the work of the Standing Committee still falls well short of the expectations of the people and the demands of deputies. For example, the Standing Committee still has to strengthen its organization and coordination of legislative work; improve its mechanisms for follow-up oversight; address the problems of inadequate engagement with lower-level organizations and the people and inadequate response to people's concerns that exist in some investigations and studies on legislation and oversight; and do more meticulous and effective work in order to strengthen its ties with deputies. We will willingly accept the oversight of the people; listen to the views of deputies with an open mind; and get the NPC and its Standing Committee to better play their roles as the highest organs of state power, working bodies that carry out their functions and duties in accordance with the law, and representative bodies in close contact with the people. |
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