中國共產(chǎn)黨章程（2012年11月14日通過）
Full text: Constitution of CPC (revised)
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| 總 綱 | General Program |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨是中國工人階級的先鋒隊(duì)，同時(shí)是中國人民和中華民族的先鋒隊(duì)，是中國特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心，代表中國先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展要求，代表中國先進(jìn)文化的前進(jìn)方向，代表中國最廣大人民的根本利益。黨的最高理想和最終目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義。 | The Communist Party of China is the vanguard both of the Chinese working class and of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. It is the core of leadership for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and represents the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. The realization of communism is the highest ideal and ultimate goal of the Party. |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想和科學(xué)發(fā)展觀作為自己的行動(dòng)指南。 | The Communist Party of China takes Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development as its guide to action. |
| 馬克思列寧主義揭示了人類社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展的規(guī)律，它的基本原理是正確的，具有強(qiáng)大的生命力。中國共產(chǎn)黨人追求的共產(chǎn)主義最高理想，只有在社會(huì)主義社會(huì)充分發(fā)展和高度發(fā)達(dá)的基礎(chǔ)上才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。社會(huì)主義制度的發(fā)展和完善是一個(gè)長期的歷史過程。堅(jiān)持馬克思列寧主義的基本原理，走中國人民自愿選擇的適合中國國情的道路，中國的社會(huì)主義事業(yè)必將取得最終的勝利。 | Marxism-Leninism brings to light the laws governing the development of the history of human society. Its basic tenets are correct and have tremendous vitality. The highest ideal of communism pursued by the Chinese Communists can be realized only when the socialist society is fully developed and highly advanced. The development and improvement of the socialist system is a long historical process. So long as the Chinese Communists uphold the basic tenets of Marxism-Leninism and follow the road suited to China's specific conditions and chosen by the Chinese people of their own accord, the socialist cause in China will be crowned with final victory. |
| 以毛澤東同志為主要代表的中國共產(chǎn)黨人，把馬克思列寧主義的基本原理同中國革命的具體實(shí)踐結(jié)合起來，創(chuàng)立了毛澤東思想。毛澤東思想是馬克思列寧主義在中國的運(yùn)用和發(fā)展，是被實(shí)踐證明了的關(guān)于中國革命和建設(shè)的正確的理論原則和經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)，是中國共產(chǎn)黨集體智慧的結(jié)晶。在毛澤東思想指引下，中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國各族人民，經(jīng)過長期的反對帝國主義、封建主義、官僚資本主義的革命斗爭，取得了新民主主義革命的勝利，建立了人民民主專政的中華人民共和國；建國以后，順利地進(jìn)行了社會(huì)主義改造，完成了從新民主主義到社會(huì)主義的過渡，確立了社會(huì)主義基本制度，發(fā)展了社會(huì)主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化。 | The Chinese Communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as their chief representative, created Mao Zedong Thought by integrating the basic tenets of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution. Mao Zedong Thought is Marxism-Leninism applied and developed in China; it consists of a body of theoretical principles concerning the revolution and construction in China and a summary of experience therein, both of which have been proved correct by practice; and it represents the crystallized, collective wisdom of the Communist Party of China. Under the guidance of Mao Zedong Thought, the Communist Party of China led the people of all ethnic groups in the country in their prolonged revolutionary struggle against imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, winning victory in the new-democratic revolution and founding the People's Republic of China, a people's democratic dictatorship. After the founding of the People's Republic, it led them in carrying out socialist transformation successfully, completing the transition from New Democracy to socialism, establishing the basic system of socialism and developing socialism economically, politically and culturally. |
| 十一屆三中全會(huì)以來，以鄧小平同志為主要代表的中國共產(chǎn)黨人，總結(jié)建國以來正反兩方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，解放思想，實(shí)事求是，實(shí)現(xiàn)全黨工作中心向經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的轉(zhuǎn)移，實(shí)行改革開放，開辟了社會(huì)主義事業(yè)發(fā)展的新時(shí)期，逐步形成了建設(shè)中國特色社會(huì)主義的路線、方針、政策，闡明了在中國建設(shè)社會(huì)主義、鞏固和發(fā)展社會(huì)主義的基本問題，創(chuàng)立了鄧小平理論。鄧小平理論是馬克思列寧主義的基本原理同當(dāng)代中國實(shí)踐和時(shí)代特征相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，是毛澤東思想在新的歷史條件下的繼承和發(fā)展，是馬克思主義在中國發(fā)展的新階段，是當(dāng)代中國的馬克思主義，是中國共產(chǎn)黨集體智慧的結(jié)晶，引導(dǎo)著我國社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化事業(yè)不斷前進(jìn)。 | After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Central Committee, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Deng Xiaoping as their chief representative, analyzed their experience, both positive and negative, gained since the founding of the People's Republic, emancipated their minds, sought truth from facts, shifted the focus of the work of the whole Party onto economic development and carried out reform and opening to the outside world, ushering in a new era of development in the cause of socialism, gradually formulating the line, principles and policies concerning the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics and expounding the basic questions concerning the building, consolidation and development of socialism in China, and thus creating Deng Xiaoping Theory. Deng Xiaoping Theory is the outcome of the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism-Leninism with the practice of contemporary China and the features of the times, a continuation and development of Mao Zedong Thought under new historical conditions; it represents a new stage of development of Marxism in China, it is Marxism of contemporary China and it is the crystallized, collective wisdom of the Communist Party of China. It is guiding the socialist modernization of China from victory to victory. |
| 十三屆四中全會(huì)以來，以江澤民同志為主要代表的中國共產(chǎn)黨人，在建設(shè)中國特色社會(huì)主義的實(shí)踐中，加深了對什么是社會(huì)主義、怎樣建設(shè)社會(huì)主義和建設(shè)什么樣的黨、怎樣建設(shè)黨的認(rèn)識，積累了治黨治國新的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)，形成了“三個(gè)代表”重要思想?！叭齻€(gè)代表”重要思想是對馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論的繼承和發(fā)展，反映了當(dāng)代世界和中國的發(fā)展變化對黨和國家工作的新要求，是加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)、推進(jìn)我國社會(huì)主義自我完善和發(fā)展的強(qiáng)大理論武器，是中國共產(chǎn)黨集體智慧的結(jié)晶，是黨必須長期堅(jiān)持的指導(dǎo)思想。始終做到“三個(gè)代表”，是我們黨的立黨之本、執(zhí)政之基、力量之源。 | After the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Party Central Committee and in the practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Jiang Zemin as their chief representative, acquired a deeper understanding of what socialism is, how to build it and what kind of party to build and how to build it, accumulated new valuable experience in running the Party and state and formed the important thought of Three Represents. The important thought of Three Represents is a continuation and development of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory; it reflects new requirements for the work of the Party and state arising from the developments and changes in China and other parts of the world today; it serves as a powerful theoretical weapon for strengthening and improving Party building and for promoting self-improvement and development of socialism in China; and it is the crystallized, collective wisdom of the Communist Party of China. It is a guiding ideology that the Party must uphold for a long time to come. Persistent implementation of the Three Represents is the foundation for building the Party, the cornerstone for its governance and the source of its strength. |
| 十六大以來，以胡錦濤同志為主要代表的中國共產(chǎn)黨人，堅(jiān)持以鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，根據(jù)新的發(fā)展要求，深刻認(rèn)識和回答了新形勢下實(shí)現(xiàn)什么樣的發(fā)展、怎樣發(fā)展等重大問題，形成了以人為本、全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀?？茖W(xué)發(fā)展觀，是同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想既一脈相承又與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的科學(xué)理論，是馬克思主義關(guān)于發(fā)展的世界觀和方法論的集中體現(xiàn)，是馬克思主義中國化最新成果，是中國共產(chǎn)黨集體智慧的結(jié)晶，是發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義必須堅(jiān)持和貫徹的指導(dǎo)思想。 | Since the Party's Sixteenth National Congress, the Chinese Communists with Comrade Hu Jintao as their chief representative, following the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, have gained a deep understanding of major questions such as what kind of development China should achieve under new conditions and how it should achieve it to meet new requirements for development and answered these questions, and thus developed the Scientific Outlook on Development that puts people first and calls for comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development. The Scientific Outlook on Development is a scientific theory that is both in keeping with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and is in step with the times. It fully embodies the Marxist worldview on and methodology for development and represents the latest achievement in adapting Marxism to China's conditions. It is the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the Communist Party of China and a guiding ideology that must be upheld and applied in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. |
| 改革開放以來我們?nèi)〉靡磺谐煽兒瓦M(jìn)步的根本原因，歸結(jié)起來就是：開辟了中國特色社會(huì)主義道路，形成了中國特色社會(huì)主義理論體系，確立了中國特色社會(huì)主義制度。全黨同志要倍加珍惜、長期堅(jiān)持和不斷發(fā)展黨歷經(jīng)艱辛開創(chuàng)的這條道路、這個(gè)理論體系、這個(gè)制度，高舉中國特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，為實(shí)現(xiàn)推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)、完成祖國統(tǒng)一、維護(hù)世界和平與促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展這三大歷史任務(wù)而奮斗。 | The fundamental reason behind all of China's achievements and progress since the reform and opening up policy was introduced is, in the final analysis, that the Party has blazed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, formulated the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and established the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. All Party members must cherish the path, the theories and the socialist system that the Party has explored and created after going through all the hardships; and they must keep to them all the time and continue to develop them. They must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and strive to fulfill the three historic tasks of advancing the modernization drive, achieving national reunification, and safeguarding world peace and promoting common development. |
| 我國正處于并將長期處于社會(huì)主義初級階段。這是在經(jīng)濟(jì)文化落后的中國建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化不可逾越的歷史階段，需要上百年的時(shí)間。我國的社會(huì)主義建設(shè)，必須從我國的國情出發(fā)，走中國特色社會(huì)主義道路。在現(xiàn)階段，我國社會(huì)的主要矛盾是人民日益增長的物質(zhì)文化需要同落后的社會(huì)生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾。由于國內(nèi)的因素和國際的影響，階級斗爭還在一定范圍內(nèi)長期存在，在某種條件下還有可能激化，但已經(jīng)不是主要矛盾。我國社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的根本任務(wù)，是進(jìn)一步解放生產(chǎn)力，發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化，并且為此而改革生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和上層建筑中不適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的方面和環(huán)節(jié)。必須堅(jiān)持和完善公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，堅(jiān)持和完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度，鼓勵(lì)一部分地區(qū)和一部分人先富起來，逐步消滅貧窮，達(dá)到共同富裕，在生產(chǎn)發(fā)展和社會(huì)財(cái)富增長的基礎(chǔ)上不斷滿足人民日益增長的物質(zhì)文化需要，促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展。發(fā)展是我們黨執(zhí)政興國的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)。各項(xiàng)工作都要把有利于發(fā)展社會(huì)主義社會(huì)的生產(chǎn)力，有利于增強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義國家的綜合國力，有利于提高人民的生活水平，作為總的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，尊重勞動(dòng)、尊重知識、尊重人才、尊重創(chuàng)造，做到發(fā)展為了人民、發(fā)展依靠人民、發(fā)展成果由人民共享。跨入新世紀(jì)，我國進(jìn)入全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)、加快推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化的新的發(fā)展階段。必須按照中國特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)總體布局，全面推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)。在新世紀(jì)新階段，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)是，鞏固和發(fā)展已經(jīng)初步達(dá)到的小康水平，到建黨一百年時(shí)，建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會(huì)；到建國一百年時(shí)，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國家水平，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。 | China is in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come. This is a historical stage which cannot be skipped in socialist modernization in China which is backward economically and culturally. It will last for over a hundred years. In socialist construction the Party must proceed from China's specific conditions and take the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. At the present stage, the principal contradiction in Chinese society is one between the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people and the low level of production. Owing to both domestic circumstances and foreign influences, class struggle will continue to exist within a certain scope for a long time and may possibly grow acute under certain conditions, but it is no longer the principal contradiction. In building socialism, the basic task is to further release and develop the productive forces and achieve socialist modernization step by step by carrying out reform in those aspects and links of the production relations and the superstructure that do not conform to the development of the productive forces. The Party must uphold and improve the basic economic system, with public ownership playing a dominant role and different economic sectors developing side by side, as well as the system of distribution under which distribution according to work is dominant and a variety of modes of distribution coexist, encourage some areas and some people to become rich first, gradually eliminate poverty, achieve common prosperity, continuously meet the people's ever-growing material and cultural needs on the basis of the growth of production and social wealth and promote people's all-around development. Development is the Party's top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country. The general starting point and criterion for judging all the Party's work should be how it benefits development of the productive forces in China's socialist society, adds to the overall strength of socialist China and improves the people's living standards. The Party must respect work, knowledge, talent and creation and ensure that development is for the people, by the people and with the people sharing in its fruits. The beginning of the new century marks China's entry into the new stage of development of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and accelerating socialist modernization. The Party must promote all-around economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress in accordance with the overall plan for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The strategic objectives of economic and social development at this new stage in the new century are to consolidate and develop the relatively comfortable life initially attained, bring China into a moderately prosperous society of a higher level to the benefit of well over one billion people by the time of the Party's centenary and bring the per capita GDP up to the level of moderately developed countries and realize modernization in the main by the time of the centenary of the People's Republic of China. |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨在社會(huì)主義初級階段的基本路線是：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和團(tuán)結(jié)全國各族人民，以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則，堅(jiān)持改革開放，自力更生，艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)，為把我國建設(shè)成為富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國家而奮斗。 | The basic line of the Communist Party of China in the primary stage of socialism is to lead the people of all ethnic groups in a concerted, self-reliant and pioneering effort to turn China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious modern socialist country by making economic development the central task while upholding the Four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy. |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)社會(huì)主義事業(yè)中，必須堅(jiān)持以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，其他各項(xiàng)工作都服從和服務(wù)于這個(gè)中心。要抓緊時(shí)機(jī)，加快發(fā)展，實(shí)施科教興國戰(zhàn)略、人才強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略和可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，充分發(fā)揮科學(xué)技術(shù)作為第一生產(chǎn)力的作用，依靠科技進(jìn)步，提高勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)，促進(jìn)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展。 | In leading the cause of socialism, the Communist Party of China must persist in taking economic development as the central task, making all other work subordinate to and serve this central task. The Party must lose no time in speeding up development, implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation with trained personnel and the strategy of sustainable development, and give full play to the role of science and technology as the primary productive force. The Party must take advantage of the advancement of science and technology to improve the quality of workers and promote sound and rapid development of the national economy. |
| 堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義道路、堅(jiān)持人民民主專政、堅(jiān)持中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、堅(jiān)持馬克思列寧主義毛澤東思想這四項(xiàng)基本原則，是我們的立國之本。在社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的整個(gè)過程中，必須堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則，反對資產(chǎn)階級自由化。 | The Four Cardinal Principles – to keep to the socialist road and to uphold the people's democratic dictatorship, leadership by the Communist Party of China, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought – are the foundation on which to build the country. Throughout the course of socialist modernization the Party must adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and combat bourgeois liberalization. |
| 堅(jiān)持改革開放，是我們的強(qiáng)國之路。只有改革開放，才能發(fā)展中國、發(fā)展社會(huì)主義、發(fā)展馬克思主義。要從根本上改革束縛生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，堅(jiān)持和完善社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制；與此相適應(yīng)，要進(jìn)行政治體制改革和其他領(lǐng)域的改革。要堅(jiān)持對外開放的基本國策，吸收和借鑒人類社會(huì)創(chuàng)造的一切文明成果。改革開放應(yīng)當(dāng)大膽探索，勇于開拓，提高改革決策的科學(xué)性，增強(qiáng)改革措施的協(xié)調(diào)性，在實(shí)踐中開創(chuàng)新路。 | Reform and opening up are the path to a stronger China. Only reform and opening up can enable China, socialism and Marxism to develop themselves. The Party must carry out fundamental reform of the economic structure that hampers the development of the productive forces, and keep to and improve the socialist market economy; it must also carry out corresponding political restructuring and reform in other fields. The Party must adhere to the basic state policy of opening up and assimilate and exploit the achievements of all other cultures. It must be bold in making explorations and breaking new ground in reform and opening up, make its reform decisions more scientific, better coordinate its reform measures and blaze new trails in practice. |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民發(fā)展社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)。毫不動(dòng)搖地鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，毫不動(dòng)搖地鼓勵(lì)、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。發(fā)揮市場在資源配置中的基礎(chǔ)性作用，建立完善的宏觀調(diào)控體系。統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展、區(qū)域發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、人與自然和諧發(fā)展、國內(nèi)發(fā)展和對外開放，調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式。促進(jìn)工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化同步發(fā)展，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村，走中國特色新型工業(yè)化道路，建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家。 | The Communist Party of China leads the people in developing the socialist market economy. It unwaveringly consolidates and develops the public sector of the economy and unswervingly encourages, supports and guides the development of the non-public sector. It gives play to the basic role of market forces in allocating resources and works to set up a sound system of macroeconomic regulation. The Party works to balance urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social development, relations between man and nature, and domestic development and opening to the outside world; adjust the economic structure, and transform the growth model. It is dedicated to promoting harmonized development of industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization, building a new socialist countryside, taking a new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics, and making China an innovative country. |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民發(fā)展社會(huì)主義民主政治。堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家作主、依法治國有機(jī)統(tǒng)一，走中國特色社會(huì)主義政治發(fā)展道路，擴(kuò)大社會(huì)主義民主，健全社會(huì)主義法制，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國家，鞏固人民民主專政，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義政治文明。堅(jiān)持和完善人民代表大會(huì)制度、中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度、民族區(qū)域自治制度以及基層群眾自治制度。發(fā)展更加廣泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主，切實(shí)保障人民管理國家事務(wù)和社會(huì)事務(wù)、管理經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化事業(yè)的權(quán)利。尊重和保障人權(quán)。廣開言路，建立健全民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督的制度和程序。完善中國特色社會(huì)主義法律體系，加強(qiáng)法律實(shí)施工作，實(shí)現(xiàn)國家各項(xiàng)工作法治化。 | The Communist Party of China leads the people in promoting socialist democracy. It integrates its leadership, the position of the people as masters of the country, and the rule of law, takes the path of political development under socialism with Chinese characteristics, expands socialist democracy, improves the socialist legal system, builds a socialist country under the rule of law, consolidates the people's democratic dictatorship, and builds socialist political civilization. It upholds and improves the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under its leadership, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of self-governance at the primary level of society. It makes people's democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder in practice. It takes effective measures to protect the people's right to manage state and social affairs as well as economic and cultural programs. It respects and safeguards human rights. It encourages the free airing of views and works to establish sound systems and procedures of democratic election, decision-making, administration and oversight. It improves the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics and strengthens law enforcement, so as to bring all work of the state under the rule of law. |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民發(fā)展社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化。建設(shè)社會(huì)主義精神文明，實(shí)行依法治國和以德治國相結(jié)合，提高全民族的思想道德素質(zhì)和科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)，為改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供強(qiáng)大的思想保證、精神動(dòng)力和智力支持，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義文化強(qiáng)國。加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系建設(shè)，堅(jiān)持馬克思主義指導(dǎo)思想，樹立中國特色社會(huì)主義共同理想，弘揚(yáng)以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革創(chuàng)新為核心的時(shí)代精神，倡導(dǎo)社會(huì)主義榮辱觀，增強(qiáng)民族自尊、自信和自強(qiáng)精神，抵御資本主義和封建主義腐朽思想的侵蝕，掃除各種社會(huì)丑惡現(xiàn)象，努力使我國人民成為有理想、有道德、有文化、有紀(jì)律的人民。對黨員還要進(jìn)行共產(chǎn)主義遠(yuǎn)大理想教育。大力發(fā)展教育、科學(xué)、文化事業(yè)，弘揚(yáng)民族優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，繁榮和發(fā)展社會(huì)主義文化。 | The Communist Party of China leads the people in developing an advanced socialist culture. It promotes socialist cultural and ethical progress, combines the rule of law and the rule of virtue in running the country and works to raise the ideological and moral standards and scientific and educational levels of the entire nation so as to provide a powerful ideological guarantee, motivation and intellectual support for reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and develop a strong socialist culture in China. It promotes core socialist values, adheres to Marxism as its guiding ideology, fosters the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, promotes patriotism-centered national spirit and the spirit of the times centering on reform and innovation and advocates the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace. It works to enhance the people's sense of national dignity, self-confidence and self-reliance, resist corrosion by decadent capitalist and feudal ideas and wipe out all social evils so that the people will have high ideals, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of discipline. It also needs to imbue its members with the lofty ideal of communism. The Party strives to develop educational, scientific and cultural programs, carry forward the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and develop a thriving socialist culture. |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)。按照民主法治、公平正義、誠信友愛、充滿活力、安定有序、人與自然和諧相處的總要求和共同建設(shè)、共同享有的原則，以保障和改善民生為重點(diǎn)，解決好人民最關(guān)心、最直接、最現(xiàn)實(shí)的利益問題，使發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民，努力形成全體人民各盡其能、各得其所而又和諧相處的局面。加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理。嚴(yán)格區(qū)分和正確處理敵我矛盾和人民內(nèi)部矛盾這兩類不同性質(zhì)的矛盾。加強(qiáng)社會(huì)治安綜合治理，依法堅(jiān)決打擊各種危害國家安全和利益、危害社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的犯罪活動(dòng)和犯罪分子，保持社會(huì)長期穩(wěn)定。 | The Communist Party of China leads the people in building a harmonious socialist society. In accordance with the general requirements for democracy and the rule of law, equity and justice, honesty and fraternity, vigor and vitality, stability and order, and harmony between man and nature and the principle of all the people building and sharing a harmonious socialist society, the Party focuses its efforts on ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing by solving the most specific problems of the utmost and immediate concern to the people, works to enable all the people to share in more fruits of development in a more equitable way, and strives to create a situation in which all people do their best, find their proper places in society and live together in harmony. The Party strengthens and makes innovations in social management. It strictly distinguishes between the two different types of contradictions – those between ourselves and the enemy and those among the people – and works to handle them correctly. It will strengthen comprehensive measures to maintain law and order, and resolutely combat criminal activities that endanger national security and interests, social stability and economic development and bring criminals to justice in accordance with the law, so as to maintain lasting social stability. |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民建設(shè)社會(huì)主義生態(tài)文明。樹立尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、保護(hù)自然的生態(tài)文明理念，堅(jiān)持節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境的基本國策，堅(jiān)持節(jié)約優(yōu)先、保護(hù)優(yōu)先、自然恢復(fù)為主的方針，堅(jiān)持生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路。著力建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)，形成節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境的空間格局、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式，為人民創(chuàng)造良好生產(chǎn)生活環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族永續(xù)發(fā)展。 | The Communist Party of China leads the people in promoting socialist ecological progress. It raises its ecological awareness of the need to respect, accommodate to and protect nature; follows the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment and the principle of giving high priority to conserving resources, protecting the environment and promoting its natural restoration; and pursues sound development that leads to increased production, affluence and a good ecosystem. The Party strives to build a resource-conserving, environmentally friendly society; and preserves China's geographical space and improves its industrial structure and mode of production and the Chinese way of life in the interest of conserving resources and protecting the environment. All this is aimed at creating a good working and living environment for the people and ensuring lasting and sustainable development of the Chinese nation. |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨堅(jiān)持對人民解放軍和其他人民武裝力量的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，加強(qiáng)人民解放軍的建設(shè)，切實(shí)保證人民解放軍履行新世紀(jì)新階段軍隊(duì)歷史使命，充分發(fā)揮人民解放軍在鞏固國防、保衛(wèi)祖國和參加社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中的作用。 | The Communist Party of China persists in its leadership over the People's Liberation Army and other armed forces of the people, builds up the strength of the People's Liberation Army, ensures that it accomplishes its historic missions at this new stage in the new century, and gives full play to its role in consolidating national defense, defending the motherland and participating in the socialist modernization drive. |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨維護(hù)和發(fā)展平等團(tuán)結(jié)互助和諧的社會(huì)主義民族關(guān)系，積極培養(yǎng)、選拔少數(shù)民族干部，幫助少數(shù)民族和民族地區(qū)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和社會(huì)事業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)各民族共同團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗、共同繁榮發(fā)展。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，團(tuán)結(jié)信教群眾為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展作貢獻(xiàn)。 | The Communist Party of China upholds and promotes socialist ethnic relations based on equality, solidarity, mutual assistance and harmony, actively trains and promotes cadres from among ethnic minorities, helps ethnic minorities and ethnic autonomous areas with their economic, cultural and social development, and ensures that all ethnic groups work together for common prosperity and development. The Party strives to fully implement its basic principle for its work related to religious affairs, and rallies religious believers in making contributions to economic and social development. |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨同全國各民族工人、農(nóng)民、知識分子團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，同各民主黨派、無黨派人士、各民族的愛國力量團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和壯大由全體社會(huì)主義勞動(dòng)者、社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的建設(shè)者、擁護(hù)社會(huì)主義的愛國者、擁護(hù)祖國統(tǒng)一的愛國者組成的最廣泛的愛國統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線。不斷加強(qiáng)全國人民包括香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺(tái)灣同胞和海外僑胞的團(tuán)結(jié)。按照“一個(gè)國家、兩種制度”的方針，促進(jìn)香港、澳門長期繁榮穩(wěn)定，完成祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)。 | The Communist Party of China rallies all workers, farmers and intellectuals, and all the democratic parties, personages without party affiliation and the patriotic forces of all ethnic groups in China in further expanding and fortifying the broadest possible patriotic united front embracing all socialist workers, all builders of the cause of socialism and all patriots who support socialism or who support the reunification of the motherland. The Party will constantly strengthen the unity of all the Chinese people, including the compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese. It will promote long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao and complete the great cause of reunifying the motherland in conformity with the principle of "one country, two systems." |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，堅(jiān)持和平發(fā)展道路，堅(jiān)持互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略，統(tǒng)籌國內(nèi)國際兩個(gè)大局，積極發(fā)展對外關(guān)系，努力為我國的改革開放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)爭取有利的國際環(huán)境。在國際事務(wù)中，維護(hù)我國的獨(dú)立和主權(quán)，反對霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治，維護(hù)世界和平，促進(jìn)人類進(jìn)步，努力推動(dòng)建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。在互相尊重主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉內(nèi)政、平等互利、和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上，發(fā)展我國同世界各國的關(guān)系。不斷發(fā)展我國同周邊國家的睦鄰友好關(guān)系，加強(qiáng)同發(fā)展中國家的團(tuán)結(jié)與合作。按照獨(dú)立自主、完全平等、互相尊重、互不干涉內(nèi)部事務(wù)的原則，發(fā)展我黨同各國共產(chǎn)黨和其他政黨的關(guān)系。 | The Communist Party of China adheres to an independent foreign policy of peace, follows the path of peaceful development and a win-win strategy of opening up, takes both the domestic and international situations into consideration, and vigorously develops relations with other countries in order to bring about a favorable international environment for China's reform, opening up and modernization. In international affairs, it safeguards China's independence and sovereignty, opposes hegemonism and power politics, defends world peace, promotes human progress, and pushes for the building of a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity. It develops relations between China and other countries on the basis of the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual nonaggression, noninterference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. It strives for the constant development of good-neighborly relations between China and the surrounding countries and for the strengthening of the unity and cooperation between China and other developing countries. The Communist Party of China develops relations with communist parties and other political parties in other countries in accordance with the principles of independence, complete equality, mutual respect and noninterference in each other's internal affairs. |
| 中國共產(chǎn)黨要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國各族人民實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化的宏偉目標(biāo)，必須緊密圍繞黨的基本路線，加強(qiáng)黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)、先進(jìn)性和純潔性建設(shè)，以改革創(chuàng)新精神全面推進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)新的偉大工程，整體推進(jìn)黨的思想建設(shè)、組織建設(shè)、作風(fēng)建設(shè)、反腐倡廉建設(shè)、制度建設(shè)，全面提高黨的建設(shè)科學(xué)化水平。堅(jiān)持立黨為公、執(zhí)政為民，堅(jiān)持黨要管黨、從嚴(yán)治黨，發(fā)揚(yáng)黨的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)和作風(fēng)，不斷提高黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平和執(zhí)政水平，提高拒腐防變和抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力，不斷增強(qiáng)黨的階級基礎(chǔ)和擴(kuò)大黨的群眾基礎(chǔ)，不斷提高黨的創(chuàng)造力、凝聚力、戰(zhàn)斗力，建設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)型、服務(wù)型、創(chuàng)新型的馬克思主義執(zhí)政黨，使我們黨始終走在時(shí)代前列，成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國人民沿著中國特色社會(huì)主義道路不斷前進(jìn)的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)核心。黨的建設(shè)必須堅(jiān)決實(shí)現(xiàn)以下四項(xiàng)基本要求： | In order to lead the people of all ethnic groups in China in attaining the great goal of socialist modernization, the Communist Party of China must adhere to its basic line, strengthen its governance capability, advanced nature and purity and comprehensively carry forward the great new undertaking to build itself in a spirit of reform and innovation. The Party must make all-around efforts to strengthen itself ideologically and organizationally and improve its conduct; and it must become better able to combat corruption and uphold Party integrity and improve Party rules and regulations, thus making Party building more scientific in all respects. It must steadfastly build itself for public interests, exercise governance for the people, practice self-discipline, be strict with its members, and carry forward its fine traditions and style of work. It must constantly improve its art of leadership and governance, raise its ability to resist corruption, prevent degeneration and withstand risks, constantly strengthen its class foundation, expand its mass base and enhance its creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness, and build itself into a learning, service-oriented and innovative Marxist governing party, so that it will stand forever in the forefront of the times and make itself a strong nucleus that can lead all the Chinese people in the unceasing march along the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In building itself, the Party must be determined to meet the following four essential requirements: |
| 第一，堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線。全黨要用鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀和黨的基本路線統(tǒng)一思想，統(tǒng)一行動(dòng)，并且毫不動(dòng)搖地長期堅(jiān)持下去。必須把改革開放同四項(xiàng)基本原則統(tǒng)一起來，全面落實(shí)黨的基本路線，全面執(zhí)行黨在社會(huì)主義初級階段的基本綱領(lǐng)，反對一切“左”的和右的錯(cuò)誤傾向，要警惕右，但主要是防止“左”。加強(qiáng)各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子建設(shè)，選拔使用在改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中政績突出、群眾信任的干部，培養(yǎng)和造就千百萬社會(huì)主義事業(yè)接班人，從組織上保證黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本綱領(lǐng)、基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)的貫徹落實(shí)。 | First, adhering to the Party's basic line. The whole Party must achieve unity in thinking and action with Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and the Party's basic line, and persevere in doing so for a long time to come. The Party must integrate the reform and opening up policy with the Four Cardinal Principles, carry out its basic line in all fields of endeavor, implement in an all-around way its basic program for the primary stage of socialism and combat all "Left" and Right erroneous tendencies, maintaining vigilance against Right tendencies, primarily against "Left" tendencies. The Party must intensify the building of leading bodies at all levels, selecting and promoting cadres who have scored outstanding achievements in their public service and have won the trust of the masses in reform, opening up and the modernization drive, and train and cultivate millions upon millions of successors to the cause of socialism, thus ensuring organizationally the implementation of the Party's basic theory, line, program and experience. |
| 第二，堅(jiān)持解放思想，實(shí)事求是，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，求真務(wù)實(shí)。黨的思想路線是一切從實(shí)際出發(fā)，理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際，實(shí)事求是，在實(shí)踐中檢驗(yàn)真理和發(fā)展真理。全黨必須堅(jiān)持這條思想路線，積極探索，大膽試驗(yàn)，開拓創(chuàng)新，創(chuàng)造性地開展工作，不斷研究新情況，總結(jié)新經(jīng)驗(yàn)，解決新問題，在實(shí)踐中豐富和發(fā)展馬克思主義，推進(jìn)馬克思主義中國化。 | Second, persevering in emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping up with the times, and being realistic and pragmatic. The Party's ideological line is to proceed from reality in handling all matters, to integrate theory with practice, to seek truth from facts, and to verify and develop the truth through practice. All Party members must adhere to this ideological line, explore new ways, boldly experiment with new methods, go in for innovation, work creatively, constantly study new situations, review new experience and solve new problems, enrich and develop Marxism in practice, and advance the endeavor to adapt Marxism to Chinese conditions. |
| 第三，堅(jiān)持全心全意為人民服務(wù)。黨除了工人階級和最廣大人民群眾的利益，沒有自己特殊的利益。黨在任何時(shí)候都把群眾利益放在第一位，同群眾同甘共苦，保持最密切的聯(lián)系，堅(jiān)持權(quán)為民所用、情為民所系、利為民所謀，不允許任何黨員脫離群眾，凌駕于群眾之上。黨在自己的工作中實(shí)行群眾路線，一切為了群眾，一切依靠群眾，從群眾中來，到群眾中去，把黨的正確主張變?yōu)槿罕姷淖杂X行動(dòng)。我們黨的最大政治優(yōu)勢是密切聯(lián)系群眾，黨執(zhí)政后的最大危險(xiǎn)是脫離群眾。黨風(fēng)問題、黨同人民群眾聯(lián)系問題是關(guān)系黨生死存亡的問題。黨堅(jiān)持標(biāo)本兼治、綜合治理、懲防并舉、注重預(yù)防的方針，建立健全懲治和預(yù)防腐敗體系，堅(jiān)持不懈地反對腐敗，加強(qiáng)黨風(fēng)建設(shè)和廉政建設(shè)。 | Third, persevering in serving the people wholeheartedly. The Party has no special interests of its own apart from the interests of the working class and the broadest masses of the people. At all times the Party gives top priority to the interests of the people, shares weal and woe with them, maintains the closest possible ties with them, and persists in exercising power for them, showing concern for them and working for their interests, and it does not allow any member to become divorced from the masses or place himself or herself above them. The Party follows the mass line in its work, doing everything for the masses, relying on them in every task, carrying out the principle of "from the masses, to the masses," and translating its correct views into action by the masses of their own accord. The biggest political advantage of the Party lies in its close ties with the masses while the biggest potential danger for it as a governing party comes from its divorce from them. The Party's style of work and its maintenance of ties with the masses of the people are a matter of vital importance to the Party. The Party will establish a sound system for punishing and preventing corruption by fighting it in a comprehensive way, addressing both its symptoms and root cause and combining punishment with prevention, with the emphasis on prevention. The Party will persistently oppose corruption and step up efforts to improve its style of work and uphold integrity. |
| 第四，堅(jiān)持民主集中制。民主集中制是民主基礎(chǔ)上的集中和集中指導(dǎo)下的民主相結(jié)合。它既是黨的根本組織原則，也是群眾路線在黨的生活中的運(yùn)用。必須充分發(fā)揚(yáng)黨內(nèi)民主，尊重黨員主體地位，保障黨員民主權(quán)利，發(fā)揮各級黨組織和廣大黨員的積極性創(chuàng)造性。必須實(shí)行正確的集中，保證全黨的團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一和行動(dòng)一致，保證黨的決定得到迅速有效的貫徹執(zhí)行。加強(qiáng)組織性紀(jì)律性，在黨的紀(jì)律面前人人平等。加強(qiáng)對黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)關(guān)和黨員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部特別是主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部的監(jiān)督，不斷完善黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督制度。黨在自己的政治生活中正確地開展批評和自我批評，在原則問題上進(jìn)行思想斗爭，堅(jiān)持真理，修正錯(cuò)誤。努力造成又有集中又有民主，又有紀(jì)律又有自由，又有統(tǒng)一意志又有個(gè)人心情舒暢的生動(dòng)活潑的政治局面。 | Fourth, upholding democratic centralism. Democratic centralism is a combination of centralism on the basis of democracy and democracy under centralized guidance. It is the fundamental organizational principle of the Party and is also the mass line applied in the Party's political activities. The Party must fully expand intra-Party democracy, respect the principal position of its members, safeguard their democratic rights, and give play to the initiative and creativity of Party organizations at all levels as well as its members. Correct centralism must be practiced so as to ensure the solidarity, unity and concerted action in the whole Party and prompt and effective implementation of its decisions. The sense of organization and discipline must be strengthened, and all members are equal before Party discipline. Oversight of leading Party organs and of Party members holding leading positions, particularly principal leading cadres, must be strengthened and the system of intra-Party oversight constantly improved. In its internal political activities, the Party conducts criticism and self-criticism in the correct way, waging ideological struggles over matters of principle, upholding truth and rectifying mistakes. Diligent efforts must be made to create a political situation in which there are both centralism and democracy, both discipline and freedom, both unity of will and personal ease of mind and liveliness. |
| 黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)主要是政治、思想和組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。黨要適應(yīng)改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的要求，堅(jiān)持科學(xué)執(zhí)政、民主執(zhí)政、依法執(zhí)政，加強(qiáng)和改善黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。黨必須按照總攬全局、協(xié)調(diào)各方的原則，在同級各種組織中發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心作用。黨必須集中精力領(lǐng)導(dǎo)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)，組織、協(xié)調(diào)各方面的力量，同心協(xié)力，圍繞經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)開展工作，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)全面發(fā)展。黨必須實(shí)行民主的科學(xué)的決策，制定和執(zhí)行正確的路線、方針、政策，做好黨的組織工作和宣傳教育工作，發(fā)揮全體黨員的先鋒模范作用。黨必須在憲法和法律的范圍內(nèi)活動(dòng)。黨必須保證國家的立法、司法、行政機(jī)關(guān)，經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化組織和人民團(tuán)體積極主動(dòng)地、獨(dú)立負(fù)責(zé)地、協(xié)調(diào)一致地工作。黨必須加強(qiáng)對工會(huì)、共產(chǎn)主義青年團(tuán)、婦女聯(lián)合會(huì)等群眾組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，充分發(fā)揮它們的作用。黨必須適應(yīng)形勢的發(fā)展和情況的變化，完善領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制，改進(jìn)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式，增強(qiáng)執(zhí)政能力。共產(chǎn)黨員必須同黨外群眾親密合作，共同為建設(shè)中國特色社會(huì)主義而奮斗。 | Leadership by the Party means mainly political, ideological and organizational leadership. The Party must meet the requirements of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, persist in scientific, democratic and law-based governance, and strengthen and improve its leadership. Acting on the principle that the Party commands the overall situation and coordinates the efforts of all quarters, the Party must play the role as the core of leadership among all other organizations at the corresponding levels. It must concentrate on leading economic development, organize and coordinate all forces in a concerted effort to focus on economic development and promote all-around economic and social development. The Party must practice democratic and scientific decision-making; formulate and implement the correct line, principles and policies; do its organizational, publicity and educational work well and make sure that all Party members play an exemplary and vanguard role. The Party must conduct its activities within the framework of the Constitution and laws of the country. It must see to it that the legislative, judicial and administrative organs of the state and the economic, cultural and people's organizations work with initiative and independent responsibility and in unison. The Party must strengthen its leadership over trade unions, the Communist Youth League, women's federations and other mass organizations, and give full scope to their roles. The Party must adapt itself to the march of events and changing circumstances, improving its system and style of leadership and raising its governance capability. Party members must work in close cooperation with non-Party persons in the common endeavor to build socialism with Chinese characteristics. |
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